Organ Function and Systems
Pharynx
throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
vena cava
a large vein carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart
nasal cavity
hollow space behind the nose
heart
A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
stomach
A muscular and elastic sac that serves mainly to store food, break it up mechanically, and begin chemical digestion of proteins and fat.
Esophagus
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
adrenal gland
A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress.
Trachea
Allows air to pass to and from lungs apart of the respiratory system
organ system: vena cava
Cardiovascular
small intestine
Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place
Bladder
Elastic, hollow, muscular organ that provides temporary storage for urine.
Vagina
Female organ of intercourse; birth canal
Uterus
Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus.
kidney
Filters waste from the blood like urea, water, salt and proteins.
thymus
Gland in the thoracic cavity above the heart where T lymphocytes mature.
salivary glands
Glands of the mouth that produce saliva, a digestive secretion
organ system: nail
Integumentary
lungs
Main organs of the respiratory system
spinal cord
Nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most messages between the body and brain
spleen
Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells
Pancreas
Regulates the level of sugar in the blood
organ system: larynx
Respiratory
pituitary gland
The endocrine gland at the base of the brain that controls growth and development
large intestine
The last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body
brain
The mass of nerve tissue that is the main control center of the nervous system
joint
The place where two or more bones meet, held together by ligaments
respiratory system
adds oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide from blood.
digestive system
breaks down food into units that can be absorbed by the body
nervous system
controls cell function with electrical signals
endocrine system
controls cell function with hormones
organ system: Gallbladder
digestive
organ system: salivary glands
digestive
organ system: pancreas
digestive and endocrine
Aorta
distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body
organ system: pituitary gland
endocrine
organ system: ovaries
endocrine and reproductive
organ system: testes
endocrine and reproductive
thyroid gland
endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck
tonsils
form a protective circle of lymphatic tissue around the entrance to the respiratory system
organ system: lymph nodes
lymphatic
organ system: spleen
lymphatic
organ system: thymus
lymphatic
organ system: tonsils
lymphatic
muscle
movement
muscular system
moves bones and maintains posture
organ system: muscle
muscular
Testes
produce sperm
liver
produces bile and stores glycogen
Ovary
produces eggs
reproductive system
produces gametes, female organs provide environment for development of fetus
skeletal system
protects major organs, provides levers and support for body movement
skin
protects the body from microbial invasion and environmental stresses like dry weather and wind
bones
provide a resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs
integumentary system
provides a protective barrier for the body, contains sensory receptors for pain, touch, temperature
urinary system
removes wastes, maintains body fluid volume, pH and electrolyte levels.
organ system: mammary gland
reproductive
organ system: uterus
reproductive
lymphatic system
returns fluid to cardiovascular system, detects, filters, and eliminates disease causing organisms.
nerve
sends signals to the spinal cord to the brain
organ system: joints
skeletal
lymph nodes
small oval clumps of lymphatic tissue located at grouped intervals along lymphatic vessels
Gallbladder
stores and concentrates bile
bone
supports, protects, provides framework
Larynx
the hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals; the voice box.
cardiovascular system
transports nutrients, chemical messengers, gases and wastes in blood
urethra
tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
organ system: urethra
urinary
