Organ Function and Systems

Pharynx

throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx

vena cava

a large vein carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart

nasal cavity

hollow space behind the nose

heart

A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

stomach

A muscular and elastic sac that serves mainly to store food, break it up mechanically, and begin chemical digestion of proteins and fat.

Esophagus

A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

adrenal gland

A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress.

Trachea

Allows air to pass to and from lungs apart of the respiratory system

organ system: vena cava

Cardiovascular

small intestine

Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place

Bladder

Elastic, hollow, muscular organ that provides temporary storage for urine.

Vagina

Female organ of intercourse; birth canal

Uterus

Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus.

kidney

Filters waste from the blood like urea, water, salt and proteins.

thymus

Gland in the thoracic cavity above the heart where T lymphocytes mature.

salivary glands

Glands of the mouth that produce saliva, a digestive secretion

organ system: nail

Integumentary

lungs

Main organs of the respiratory system

spinal cord

Nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most messages between the body and brain

spleen

Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells

Pancreas

Regulates the level of sugar in the blood

organ system: larynx

Respiratory

pituitary gland

The endocrine gland at the base of the brain that controls growth and development

large intestine

The last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body

brain

The mass of nerve tissue that is the main control center of the nervous system

joint

The place where two or more bones meet, held together by ligaments

respiratory system

adds oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide from blood.

digestive system

breaks down food into units that can be absorbed by the body

nervous system

controls cell function with electrical signals

endocrine system

controls cell function with hormones

organ system: Gallbladder

digestive

organ system: salivary glands

digestive

organ system: pancreas

digestive and endocrine

Aorta

distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body

organ system: pituitary gland

endocrine

organ system: ovaries

endocrine and reproductive

organ system: testes

endocrine and reproductive

thyroid gland

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

tonsils

form a protective circle of lymphatic tissue around the entrance to the respiratory system

organ system: lymph nodes

lymphatic

organ system: spleen

lymphatic

organ system: thymus

lymphatic

organ system: tonsils

lymphatic

muscle

movement

muscular system

moves bones and maintains posture

organ system: muscle

muscular

Testes

produce sperm

liver

produces bile and stores glycogen

Ovary

produces eggs

reproductive system

produces gametes, female organs provide environment for development of fetus

skeletal system

protects major organs, provides levers and support for body movement

skin

protects the body from microbial invasion and environmental stresses like dry weather and wind

bones

provide a resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs

integumentary system

provides a protective barrier for the body, contains sensory receptors for pain, touch, temperature

urinary system

removes wastes, maintains body fluid volume, pH and electrolyte levels.

organ system: mammary gland

reproductive

organ system: uterus

reproductive

lymphatic system

returns fluid to cardiovascular system, detects, filters, and eliminates disease causing organisms.

nerve

sends signals to the spinal cord to the brain

organ system: joints

skeletal

lymph nodes

small oval clumps of lymphatic tissue located at grouped intervals along lymphatic vessels

Gallbladder

stores and concentrates bile

bone

supports, protects, provides framework

Larynx

the hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals; the voice box.

cardiovascular system

transports nutrients, chemical messengers, gases and wastes in blood

urethra

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

organ system: urethra

urinary