Organizational Behavior
_____________ is the characteristic of PsyCap that consists of bouncing back from adversity. A. Resilience B. Health C. Hope D. Efficacy E. Optimism
Resilience
Team ___________ describes the collection of jobs, personalities, knowledge, skills , abilities, and experience levels of team members. A. Roles B. Capacity C. Composition D. Charters E. Gatekeepers
C. Composition
________ is a means of weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced. A. Positive reinforcement B. Respondent behavior C. Negative reinforcement D. Extinction E. Punishment
Extinction
T or F: A closed system depends on constant interaction with its environment for survival.
False
T or F: According to the contingency approach there is always a single way to manage people, teams, or organizations.
False
T or F: Acting unethically also means that the person is participating in illegal activity.
False
T or F: An employee who values tradition and conformity over achievement will be more than happy to work on a holiday or to miss a child's soccer game.
False
T or F: Diversity refers to age, gender, and religion, but does not include personality.
False
T or F: During "norming," members tend to be anxious and uncertain.
False
T or F: Feedback has only one primary purpose for those who receive it: motivation.
False
T or F: In the change and acquisition phase of organizational socialization, the newcomer's values, skills, and attitudes start to shift as the new recruit discovers what the organization is truly like.
False
T or F: Punishment decreases undesired behaviors, but extinction increases undesired behaviors.
False
_____________ are the generation that currently makes up the largest number of individuals in America. A. Gen Zers B. Baby boomers C. Millennials D. Gen Xers E. Traditionalist
Gen Zers
_______ occurs when an individual is 'turned on to one's work because of the positive internal feelings that are generated by doing well.' A. Organizational citizenship behavior B. Job dissatisfaction C. Job satisfaction D. Intrinsic motivation E. Extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation
T or F: Intrinsic rewards are psychic and self-granted.
True
T or F: When making attributions about a worker's performance, people can assign responsibility to either internal or external factors.
True
Unethical behavior erodes trust, and also negatively affects cooperation in organizations.
True
The potential to understand and regulate yourself is __________ intelligence. A. interpersonal B. intrapersonal C. bodily-kinesthetic D. naturalist E. spatial
intrapersonal.
Which of the following is not a benefit of functional structures? A. They can save money by grouping together people who need similar materials or equipment. B. They work well in dynamic environments. C. Members develop pride in their specialty, which helps quality. D. People devote more of their time to what they do best. E. Supervisors understand what department members do.
B. They work well in dynamic environments.
What cultural types represent competing values? A. hierarchy and clan B. adhocracy and market C. market and hierachy D. clan and adhocracy E. adhocracy and hierarchy
E. adhocracy and hierarchy
Which of the following is an organizational function of a group? A. reducing anxieties B. providing an opportunity to test perceptions of social reality C. building self-esteem D. fulfilling the need for affiliation E. implementing complex decisions
E. implementing complex decisions
T or F: Research has shown that despite the assumption many managers make, proactivity is unrelated to work performance.
False
T or F: mechanistic organizations are rigid bureaucracies with strict rules narrowly defined tasks, an top-down communication, generally have a horizontal or hollow structure. ,
False
__________ is defined as the state of being completely involved in an activity for its own sake. A. Meaningfulness B. Flow C. PERMA D. PsyCap E. Engagement
Flow
T or F: A group that gets together because of a common interest is informal group.
True
T or F: A problem is a gap between an actual and a desired situation.
True
Noel says, "I can type 70 words per minute with no errors." He is expressing A. high self-esteem B. her core self-evaluation C. a high self-efficacy D. high self-expectations. E. an external locus of control
a high self-efficacy.
Equity theory
everyone gets the same rewards for the same input.
With only five years left until his planned retirement, Edward was quite upset when he was removed from a project team comprised mostly of Millennials. It is quite possible that the Millennials were reacting to a _________ of older workers. A. fundamental attribution bias B. stereotype C. self-serving bias D. semantic memory E. negativity bias
stereotype
T or F: A manager should use Schwartz's model to understand employees and assign them tasks that are consistent with their values.
True
In which stage of the group development process are group members asking, "How can I best perform my role?" A. performing B. storming C. conforming D. norming E. forming
A. performing
T or F: Motivation explains why we do the things we do.
True
T or F: The first step in the Reina model for rebuilding trust is to acknowledge what caused trust to be compromised.
True
An _____________ is the person who promotes greater understanding through examples or exploration of implications for a group. A. elaborator B. information seeker/giver C. initiator D. evaluator E. orienter
A. elaborator
_________________ is a control mechanism in which organizations make sure that the right people do the right things at the right time. A. The hierarchy of authority B. the span of control C. Division of labor D. Aligned goals E. Coordination of effort
A. The hierarchy of authority
The _____________ principle specifies that each employee should report to only one manager. A. unity of command B. decentralization C. span of control D. span of authority E. bureaucratic
A. unity of command
Which of the following is not a soft skill? A. decision making B. active listening C. problem solving D. operations E, critical thinking
D. operations
T or F: An 'Employee of the Month' parking space by the from door of a business would be considered a corporate artifact.
True
BATNA
best alternative to a negotiated agreement
One of the 'pros' of ______ organizations is clear roles and responsibilities. A. matrix B. functional C. virtual D. modular E. hollow
B. functional
Companies often adopt continuous improvement programs in pursuit of the __________ approach. A. strategic constituents satisfaction B. resource acquisition C. goal accomplishment D. internal process E. organizational culture
D. internal process
T or F: Cognitive dissonance is the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions.
True
Rosario and Pamela work together. They are also friends outside of work. Rosario and Pamela are constantly texting each other. Their supervisor comments that, while this might be fine outside of work, its inappropriate to constantly text each other in the office. This is an example of A. contest of interaction B. implicit cognition C. collaboration D. culture and consistency E. common Gen Y behavior
context of interaction.
T or F: The term glass ceiling identifies an invisible but absolute barrier that prevents women from advancing to higher-level positions.
True
T or F: Transformational innovations are targeted at creating new markets and customers.
True
T or F: To practice conscious capitalism, an organization should be interdependent with stakeholders.
True
Marie works as a project manager for a major consumer products firm. She works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. Marie's beliefs represent a(n) A. high affective commitment. B. high level of emotional labor. C. high normative commitment. D. employment contract. E. psychological contract.
psychological contract.
Skinner labeled unlearned reflexes or stimulus-response connections as _____ behavior. A. operant B. respondent C. effective D. normative E. extinct
respondent
Interpersonal skills involve all of the following except A. positive attitudes. B. effective communications. C. teamwork. D. respectful interactions. E. active listening.
teamwork.
ABC
Always Be Closing
In the encounter phase of organizational socialization, A. individuals resolve competing role demands. B. employees values, skills, and attitudes start to shift as the new recruit discovers what the organization is truly like. C. recruits anticipate realities about the organization and the new job. D. indviduals anticipate the organization's need for someone with their skills and abilities. E. people master critical tasks.
B. employees values, skills, and attitudes start to shift as the new recruit discovers what the organization is truly like.
When Martin has a perceived conflict with a coworker, he will send them emails that are taunting or insulting. This is an example of A. OCB. B. CWB. C. POS. D. COW. E. EEG.
CWB.
T or F: Intelligence cannot be modified or altered.
False
T or F: Members of both groups and teams have tasks and responsibilities that are independent from each other.
False
T or F: One of the components of virtuous leadership is charisma.
False
T or F: Organizational climate is defined as the set of shared, taken for granted, implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments.
False
T or F: Organizational culture is not statistically related to any measures of organizational effectiveness.
False
T or F: Step 1 of the performance management process is monitoring and evaluating performance.
False
T or F: Taylor senses other's emotions, understands their perspectives, and takes active interest in their concerns. This demonstrates her self-management competence.
False
T or F: The interactional perspective states that behavior is a function of individual, group, and organizational factors.
False
T or F: The strategic contingencies satisfaction approach to organizational assessment relates to inputs rather than outputs.
False
T or F: The two general functions of mentoring are internal and external.
False
T or F: Theory X employees find self-engaging activities within the company and are committed to their jobs.
False
T or F: To achieve positive OB, an organization must pursue the key contributors of distributive justice, temperance, and virtuous leadership.
False
teams are developed by
Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning
________ occurs when we hold others less accountable for unethical behavior when it's carried out through third parties. A. Overvaluing outcomes B. Motivated blindness C. Indirect blindness D. Ill-conceived goals E. The slippery slope
Indirect blindness
T or F: According to the acquired needs theory, we are not born with our needs but instead learn them as we go about living our lives.
True
T or F: Assimilation and denial are options for action to address diversity issues in an organization; however, they are not among the preferred options.
True
T or F: Clan and market cultures are more likely to deliver higher customer satisfaction and market share.
True
T or F: Ethnocentrism is based on the feeling that our cultural rules and norms are superior to or more appropriate than the rules and norms of another culture.
True
T or F: In 360-degree feedback, individuals compare perceptions of their own performance with information from their manager, subordinates, and peers.
True
T or F: In Maslow's need hierarchy, the most basic need (and the one that must be met first) is physiological.
True
T or F: Intensity pertains to the amount of effort being invested in an activity.
True
T or F: Job satisfaction is not a unitary concept; a person may be satisfied with one aspect of his or her job and dissatisfied with one or more other aspects.
True
T or F: Linguistic intelligence is the potential to learn and use spoken and written languages.
True
T or F: People with an external locus of control generally earn lower salaries than those with an internal locus of control.
True
T or F: Perception is influenced by three key components: the characteristics of the perceiver, of the target, and of the situation.
True
T or F: Performance management is a set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.
True
T or F: The self-reinforcing and perpetuating aspect of positive emotions, can lead to upward spirals of positivity.
True
T or F: The statement 'A world in which all people's basic needs-such as shelter, clean water, sanitation, food and reliable power - are fulfilled in an environmental sustainable way and a company that improves the quality of the environment and the communities where we live and work" is an example of a company vision.
True
Different motivators are needed for employees working at small firms. These include all of the following except A. recognition for good performance. B. reward(s) for good performance. C. involve employees in decision making. D. a 'one style fits all' approach. E. flexible work hours
a 'one style fits all' approach.
Personal attitudes affect _________ via __________. A. values; cognitions B. values; intentions C. values; behavior D. behavior; values E. behavior; intentions
behavior; intentions.
The _________ model suggests that managers should monitor employees' perceptions of fairness. A. need fulfillment B. met expectations C. value attainment D. dispositional components E. equity
equity
soup solidarity
even if people disagree with an answer, they all agree in sentiment and action to support the answer of the group as a whole.
zero - sum budger
everything that is received must have something given
Expectancy theory states that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combinations of ___________ outcomes. A. unlikely B. procedural C. similar D. variable E. expected
expected
A virtuous leader demonstrates all of the following except A. focusing on the greater good. B. promoting trust. C. fostering forgiveness. D. being guided by integrity. E. following immoral principles.
following immoral principles
Groupthink
group think is not good. It is when the members of a team all focus on one answer for social acceptance. This holds down contrary opinions of individual members.
The person-situation distinction allows you to consider unique individual factors as well as situation factors that might be the source of the problem. If an employee leaves because his or her job has become boring and less meaningful, this reflects a(n) ________ factor. A. person B. individual C. situation D. group/team level E. organizational level
individual
Core self-evaluations represent a broad personality trait comprised of all of the following except A. locus of control B. emotional stability C. generalized self-efficacy D. interpersonal intelligence E. self-esteem
interpersonal intelligence.
Which of the following is not an element of emotional intelligence? A. relationship management B. self-awareness C. self-management D. social awareness E. intrapersonal intelligence
intrapersonal intelligence
Self-determination theory focuses on the needs that drive _________ motivation. A. affialtion B. intrinsic C. autonomous D. extrnsic E.
intrinsic
The final step of the three-step approach of the organizing framework is A. make recommendations. B. delegate the problem. C. identify the OB concepts. D. define the problem. E. build a consensus.
make recommendations
Last week, a major construction project began on Brandon's normal route to work. After two days of getting angry and being late to work, Brandon found a new way to go which was slightly longer, but faster. Which of the following processes did Brandon engage in? A. punishment B. intermittent reinforcement C. positive reinforcement D. extinction E. negative reinforcement
negative reinforcement
Examples of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) include all of the following except A. not expressing interest in the work of others. B. suggestions for improvement. C. training and onboarding programs. D. respecting housekeeping rules. E. constructive statements about the company.
not expressing interest in the work of others.
If your goal is to do well in school and graduate on time and with honors, you are likely to experience ____________ emotions such as joy, gratitude, pride, satisfaction, contentment, and relief. A. positive B. negative C. mixed D. futuristic E. stable
positive
Which of the following is not a primary output and function of most performance management systems? A. performance ratings B. documentation for legal purposes C. providing punishment D. feedback E. career planning
providing punishment
Situations and people are both dynamic - they change.
True
A ____________ is a set of expected behaviors for members of the group as a whole. A. group role B. group norm C. maintenance role D. task role E. group competency
A. group role
In the ________, organizations tend to be more effective when they are structured to fit the demands of the situation. A. cultural fit proces B. organic approach C. modular approach D. contingency approach E. open systems theory
D. contingency approach
Which three roles are especially important to groups? A. energizer, harmonizer, gatekeeper B. coordinator, procedural technician, gatekeeper C. comprised, commentator, evaluator D. initiator, orienter, energizer E. opinion seeker/giver, standard setter, initiator
D. initiator, orienter, energizer
The socialization tactic that ranges from a newcomer being socialized over time with the help of an experienced member, to the newcomer not being provided with a role model, is A. fixed versus variable. B. investiture versus divestiture. C. sequential versus random. D. serial versus disjunctive. E. collective versus indvidual.
D. serial versus disjunctive.
Which of the following statements is true? A. Employees' level of flourishing is related to organizational outcomes such as productivity and financial performance. B. Positive emotions 'happen to people'; they cannot be pursued proactively. C. PERMA should be pursued as a means to obtain a better career. D. PERMA elements are positively related to good health but are not related to work-related outcomes such as organizational commitment and career satisfaction. E. Well-being is a single, unique concept that is related to happiness.
Employees' level of flourishing is related to organizational outcomes such as productivity and financial performance.
___________ is the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals. A. Organizational satisfaction B. Job satisfaction C. Job involvement D. Organizational commitment E. Perceived organizational support
Organizational commitment
____________ refers to how long we focus on an activity. A. Intensity B. Integration C. Persistence D. Direction E. Volume
Persistence
____________ is an organizational practice that allows employees to make decisions that result in the employees to make decisions that result in the employee having a sense of control and greater opportunities for learning. A. Minimizing incivility B. Sharing information C. Providing decision-making discretion D. Providing feedback E. Positive deviance
Providing decision-making discretion
Stage 1 of social perception is A. retrieval and response B. encoding and simplification C. observation and investigation D. selective attention/comprehension E. storage and retention
Selective attention/comprehension.
Xavier and Kevin both work as line employees at the Widget Corporation plant. They are both big fans of the San Francisco Forty-Niners and meet at game times in local sports bars to watch the game. They are probably providing ________ to each other. A. Social companionship B. Instrumental support C. Esteem support D. Informational support E. Achievement support
Social companionship