Organizational Behavior Test 1

Organizational commitment exists to the degree that the person is satisfied with his or her job.

False

Which of the following is not an example of a hygiene factor in Herzberg's motivator-hygiene model: supervision, company policies, salary, working conditions, advancement?

advancement

________ is the extent to which a job enables an individual to experience freedom, independence, and discretion.

autonomy

Personal attitudes affect ________ via ________.

behavior, intentions

"Individual differences" is a narrow category only used to describe the "Big Five" personality attributes.

false

According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, hygiene factors are more frequently associated with the content of the task being performed.

false

Acting unethically also means that the person is participating in illegal activity.

false

Research has shown that despite the assumption many managers make, proactivity is unrelated to work performance.

false

Theory X employees find self-engaging activities within the company and are committed to their jobs.

false

A person who ___________ is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and effects environmental change.

has a proactive personality

Noel says, "I can type 70 words per minute with no errors." He is expressing

high self-efficacy

occurs when we hold others less accountable for unethical behavior when it's carried out through third parties

indirect blindness

Effective feedback is

information

Two functions for those who receive feedback?

instructional and motivational

Which of the following is the most fixed of a person's individual differences: attitudes, intelligence, self-efficacy, self-esteem, emotions?

intelligence

The potential to understand and regulate yourself is ________ intelligence.

intrapersonal

Which of the following is not an element of emotional intelligence: self-awareness, social awareness, relationship management, intrapersonal intelligence, self-management

intrapersonal intelligence

The need for belonging is part of the need for

love

The final step of the three-step approach of the organizing framework is

make reccomendations

Which of the following is not a factor that affects perceptions of feedback: credible source, fairness in the system, personal relationship with the feedback giver, reasonableness of the goals and standards, accuracy?

personal relationship with the feedback giver

If your goal is to do well in school and graduate on time and with honors, you are likely to experience __________ emotions such as joy, gratitude, pride, satisfaction, contentment, and relief.

positive

Which of the following is not a primary output and function of most performance management systems: providing punishment, performance ratings, feedback, career planning, documentation for legal purposes?

providing punishment

Marie works as a project manager for a major consumer products firm. She works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. Marie's beliefs represent a(n)

psychological contract

represent an individual's perception about the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange between himself or herself and another party.

psychological contract

The process of weakening behavior through either the contingent presentation of something displeasing or the contingent withdrawal of something positive.

punishment

Describes automatic reactions to stimuli, or stimulus-response.

respondent behavior

A manager should use Schwartz's model to understand employees and assign them tasks that are consistent with their values.

true

A problem is a gap between an actual and a desired situation.

true

Asking for frequent feedback is a way to foster engagement in the workplace.

true

Situations and people are both dynamic—they change.

true

People with __________ often see the causes of events in their lives as due to luck or other environmental factors.

an external locus of control

You are unlikely to say anything to someone smoking on your smoke-free campus if you have no intention of confronting the smoker. Your intention reflects the __________ component of your attitude toward people smoking on campus.

behavioral

The primary motive is for performance improvement.

being transparent

represent a broad personality trait comprised of four narrower and positive individual traits: generalized self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability.

core self-evaluations

When Martin has a perceived conflict with a coworker, he will send them emails that are taunting or insulting. This is an example of

counterproductive work behavior

What is step 1 of the performance management process?

define performance

What is Step 1 in the three steps of the applied approach to problem solving?

define the problem

What kind of a response is a manager completing when he or she eliminates the situation in which the problem occurs?

dissolving

_______ programs help employees to integrate, assimilate, and transition to new jobs.

engagement

The ________ model suggests that managers should monitor employees' perceptions of fairness.

equity

Which of the following is not a content theory of motivation: acquired needs theory, maslow's heirarchy, self-determination theory, equity theory, theory x and theory y?

equity theory

Expectancy theory states that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combinations of ________ outcomes.

expected

Weakens a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced.

extinction

According to the contingency approach there is always a single way to manage people, teams, or organizations.

false

An employee who values tradition and conformity over achievement will be more than happy to work on a holiday or to miss a child's soccer game.

false

Content theories of motivation focus on how internal factors and environmental characteristics influence employee motivation.

false

Intelligence cannot be modified or altered.

false

Job enlargement is the process of modifying a job to increase the opportunities to experience achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility, and advancement.

false

Job involvement represents the extent to which an individual is personally involved with his or her work role. This has nothing to do with job satisfaction.

false

Job satisfaction has a negative association with OCB and a positive relationship with CWB.

false

Self-esteem is a broad personality trait composed of self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability.

false

Taylor senses other's emotions, understands their perspectives, and takes active interest in their concerns. This demonstrates her self-management competence.

false

The four skills most desired by employers for workforce 2020 are critical thinking, technical expertise, problem solving, and financial management.

false

The goal of the job characteristics model is to promote low extrinsic motivation.

false

The interactional perspective states that behavior is a function of individual, group, and organizational factors.

false

True or false: Explaining the what, where, how, and why is an example of being fit and fair when monitoring performance.

false

True or false: Feedback has only one primary purpose for those who receive it: motivation.

false

True or false: Punishment decreases undesired behaviors, but extinction increases undesired behaviors.

false

True or false: Step 1 of the performance management process is monitoring and evaluating performance.

false

True or false: When you are startled by an unexpected loud noise or react to the touch of a hot surface, you are demonstrating operant behavior.

false

Spatial intelligence is likely to be most valuable to a: politician, minister, college professor, fighter pilot, musician?

fighter pilot

Lorenzo, a new lawyer at Hughes, Hernandez, and Long, is under pressure to maximize his billable hours. If he doesn't bill enough hours, he will receive negative performance reviews and is likely to lose his job. Lorenzo starts rounding up the minutes on each of his phone calls and meetings to the next 10-minute level. This is an example of

ill-conceived goals

The person-situation distinction allows you to consider unique individual factors as well as situation factors that might be the source of the problem. If an employee leaves because his or her job has become boring and less meaningful, this reflects a(n) ________ factor.

individual

broad category used to collectively describe the vast number of attributes (e.g., traits and behaviors) that describe you as a person.

individual differences

The _________ perspective states that behavior is a function of interdependent person and situation factors.

interactional

Core self-evaluations represent a broad personality trait comprised of all of the following except: emotional stability, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, interpersonal intelligence, self-esteem?

interpersonal intelligence

Self-determination theory focuses on the needs that drive ________ motivation.

intrinsic

________ occurs when an individual is "turned on to one's work because of the positive internal feelings that are generated by doing well."

intrinsic motivation

putting more variety into a worker's job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty.

job enlargement

process of modifying a job to increase the opportunities to experience achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility, and advancement.

job enrichement

Which of the following is not one of the basic dimensions of the Big Five personality dimensions: locus of control, extroversion, openness to experience, contentiousness, agreeableness?

locus of control

A person will experience ________ when his or her outcome to input ratio is less than that of a relevant comparison person.

negative inequity

Last week, a major construction project began on Brandon's normal route to work. After two days of getting angry and being late to work, Brandon found a new way to go which was slightly longer, but faster. Which process did Brandon engage in?

negative reinforcement

Strengthens a desired behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.

negative reinforcement

Different motivators are needed for employees working at small firms. These include all of the following except: a "one style fits all approach", flexible work hours, rewards for good performance, involve employees in decision making, recognition of good performance?

one style fits all approach

which of the following is NOT a soft skill: active listening, operations, problem solving, decision making, critical thinking?

operations

_______ is the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals.

organizational commitment

Marcos set himself a goal of being able to hold plank for 5 minutes by the end of 4 weeks. This is a(n) ________ goal.

performance

________ refers to how long we focus on an activity.

persistence

Is teamwork an interpersonal skill or a personal attribute?

personal attribute

focus on how internal factors and environmental characteristics influence employee motivation.

process theories of motivation

When a person overrelies on information from the last portion of the review period.

recency perceptual error

Skinner labeled unlearned reflexes or stimulus-response connections as ________ behavior.

respondent

refer to elements outside of a person, like salaries and leadership roles

situation factors

Devon enjoys the job that he's been at since graduating from college three years ago. He has a friend who just took a similar position at another firm and the company has an opening that would fit Devon's experience. The company is offering a 20 percent wage increase, as well a leadership role after a three-month training program. When considering this offer, Devon is thinking about ________ factors.

situational

What kind of goal is best for jobs that are dynamic but in which nearer-term activities and milestones can be defined?

task

Interpersonal skills involve all of the following except: active listening, positive attitudes, effective communications, respectful interactions, teamwork?

teamwork

views employees as disgruntled, unwilling to work without motivation

theory x

perspective is to see employees as engaged and committed.

theory y

Encompass not only compensation and benefits but also personal and professional growth opportunities and a motivating work environment that includes recognition, job design, and work-life balance.

total rewards

Samantha is ambitious and has taken a position with XYZ Corporation as a management trainee. She is looking forward to going through challenging projects as she rotates through several departments of the company over the next two years. However, she also just became engaged, and wants to spend time with her fiancé. What is Samantha seeking?

total rewards

According to the acquired needs theory, we are not born with our needs but instead learn them as we go about living our lives.

true

Attitudes have three components: affective, cognitive, and behavioral.

true

Cognitive dissonance is the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions.

true

Emotions change over time and from situation to situation; therefore, they can be altered more easily.

true

Hard skills are the technical expertise and knowledge required to do a particular task or job function, such as financial analysis, accounting, or operations.

true

In Maslow's need hierarchy, the most basic need (and the one that must be met first) is physiological.

true

Intensity pertains to the amount of effort being invested in an activity.

true

Intentions are influenced by the three general motives in Ajzen's model: attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control.

true

Job crafting may involve changing task boundaries, the relational nature of a job, or cognitions about the job.

true

Job satisfaction is not a unitary concept; a person may be satisfied with one aspect of his or her job and dissatisfied with one or more other aspects.

true

Linguistic intelligence is the potential to learn and use spoken and written languages.

true

Most people have the technical skills to succeed at higher-level jobs. However, as you rise through the hierarchy, your job generally will require a more developed set of soft skills, such as communication, emotional intelligence, ethics, and stress management.

true

Motivation explains why we do the things we do.

true

One cause of the increase in intelligence observed in developed countries is better nutrition.

true

People program themselves for success or failure by enacting their self-efficacy expectations.

true

People with an external locus of control generally earn lower salaries than those with an internal locus of control.

true

The "organizing framework" for understanding and applying OB is based on the systems approach.

true

The four skills most desired by employers are critical thinking, problem solving, creativity, and people management.

true

True or false: A learning goal involves enhancing knowledge or skill.

true

True or false: Effective managers give employees timely and task-specific feedback about what they are doing right, as well as about what they are doing wrong.

true

True or false: In 360-degree feedback, individuals compare perceptions of their own performance with information from their manager, subordinates, and peers.

true

True or false: Intrinsic rewards are psychic and self-granted.

true

True or false: Performance management is a set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.

true

Unethical behavior erodes trust, and also negatively affects cooperation in organizations.

true

the interactional perspective states that behavior is a function of interdependent person and environmental factors.

true

Danny is convinced that the new recycling program implemented at his company is worth the extra effort of sorting his waste. He believes in this so strongly that he reminds everyone in the department that they should all get on board and gives an extensive presentation at the monthly meeting. Danny values

universalism

understand, appreciate, and want to protect the welfare of people, nature, and the environment.

universalism

Schwartz's model suggests that:

values may conflict with each other