Organizational Management test 1

Bryan must select a new supplier for lighting fixtures for his company's mobile homes. He has decided quality is more important than price but price is more important than lead times. Bryan will use these priorities to ________. A) allocate weights to the criteria B)set his decision criteria C)analyze alternatives D) develop alternatives

A

Critics of the WTO claim that ________. A) global trade destroys jobs and the natural environment B) it favors third-world countries over developed countries C) shifting jobs to developing countries harms the economies of member nations D) has too little power to be effective

A

Dylan must choose among four candidates to fill his open accounting clerk position. If Dylan uses rational decision making, he will ________. A) disregard the fact the one of the candidates is the owner's nephew B) rely on his initial impressions of the candidates to make this decision C) base his decision on his extensive experience and accumulated judgment D) involve others in the interviewing process

A

If Marla's company changed its organizational structure from one based on country to one based on industry groups, it would best be considered a ________. A) borderless organization B) foreign subsidiary C) global company D) multidomestic corporation

A

Lucas always seems to "know" exactly what to do in any given situation. At least that's what he'll tell you. But his ideas don't always work and his overall performance as scored by his supervisor isn't nearly as great as he thinks it is. Lucas is exhibiting the ________. A) overconfidence bias B) selective perception bias C) self-serving bias D) the anchoring effect

A

Marco works for a multinational corporation as a plant manager but must receive approval from the home office for any management changes to production processes. Marco most likely works for a ________. A) global company B) multidomestic corporation C) polycentric company D) transnational company

A

Organizational ________ typically contain narratives about significant events or people in the organization A) stories B) rituals C) language D) material artifacts

A

Rules of thumb that managers use to simplify decision making are known as______ A) heuristics B) folksonomies C) algorithms D) sophisms

A

Sales of the high-end units have declined. The owners want Arnold, the CEO, to increase revenues to previous levels. His first action should be ________. A) to determine why sales are off B) to immediately begin production on the lowest cost model C) to identify previous sales levels D) to compare costs for three new models under development

A

The Metropolis News has experienced a decline in the number of subscriptions to its printed newspaper over the last five years. It seems people prefer news feeds sent to their smartphones rather than a printed paper delivered to their homes. Which component in the external environment does this change represent? A) sociocultural B) demographic C) economic D) political

A

The North American Free Trade Agreement includes ________. A) Mexico, Canada, and the United States B) Canada, Mexico, the United States, and Costa Rica C) the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Honduras D) Canada, Mexico, Panama, and the United Sates

A

The ____ role (as Mintzberg defined it) is more important for lower-level managers than it is for either middle or top level managers. A) leader B) figurehead C) negotiator D) disseminator

A

The ________ decentralizes its management and other decisions to the local country. A) multidomestic corporation B) global company C) transnational organization D) borderless organization

A

The day before Disney World in Florida was to open, the sod around one of the resort hotels had not been laid. CEO Michael Eisner took off his suit coat and tie, rolled up his sleeves, and began laying sod. He instructed his managers to do likewise but many objected, saying they did not know how to lay sod. "It's not hard, boys," said Eisner. "The green side goes up." This is an example of a ________ that reinforces culture. A) story B) tradition C) artifact D) ritual

A

The manager of an apparel store estimates how much to order for the current spring season based on last spring's sales figures. The store manager is operating under which of the following decision-making conditions? A) risk B) certainty C) uncertainty D) structure

A

When Joe checks the amount of output that the employees have completed and the number of units that have been rejected, he is performing which of the following management functions? A) controlling B) leading C) evaluating D) monitoring

A

Which of the following are the two dimensions of environmental uncertainty? A) degree of change and degree of complexity B) degree of change and degree of volume C) degree of complexity and degree of impact D) degree of impact and degree of timing

A

Which one of the following represents the two views of managerial impact on the success or failure of the organization? A) omnipotent and symbolic B) omnipotent and reflective C) symbolic and interactive D) reflective and interactive

A

____ are called the iGeneration, because they've grown up with technology that customizes everything to the individual A) Post-millennials B) Baby boomers C) Gen Y-ers D) Pre-Millennials

A

________ is a process that helps new employees learn the organization's way of doing things. A) Socialization B) Transculturation C) Enculturation D) Inculcation

A

________ is a situation where a manager has the ability to make accurate decisions because the outcome of every alternative is known. A) certainty B) risk C) bureaucracy D) contingency

A

_____involves ensuring that work activities are completed efficiently and effectively by the people responsible for doing them. A) Managing B) Planning C) Leading D) Organizing

A

A policy _________ A. specifically states what should or should not be done B. typically serves as a guideline for decision making by settling general parameters C. is used when dealing with unstructured problems and non programmed decisions D. is a series of sequential steps a manger uses to respond to a structured problem

B

A(n) ________ attitude is the view that employees in the host country know the best practices for running their operations. A) ethnocentric B) polycentric C) geocentric D) regiocentric

B

According to Mintzberg's managerial roles, the ____ roles are ones that involve people and other duties that are ceremonial and symbolic in nature. A) informational B) interpersonal C) technical D) decisional

B

According to the symbolic view, managers have a(n)____ effect on substantive organizational outcomes A) influential B) limited C) extensive D) subtle

B

After identifying a problem, the next step in the decision making process is_______ A) allocating weights to decision criteria B) identifying decision criteria C) developing alternatives D) analyzing alternatives

B

After nearly 30 years of growth, sales at Ida's company have begun to decline. None of the managers have been able to determine the cause. Some say the entire economy is in recession; others blame a change in suppliers; still others say the work ethic among employees just isn't what it used to be. This is an example of ________. A) a structured problem B) an unstructured problem C) a programmed problem D) a non-programmed problem

B

An ethnocentric attitude ________. A) prompts managers to have a global view and look for the best approaches and people regardless of origin B) is the belief that the home country has the best work approaches and practices C) is the view that employees in the host country know the best work approaches and practices D) gives a manager a much broader understanding of what it takes to manage in a global environment

B

An ethnocentric attitude stems from ________. A) nationalism B) parochialism C) polycentrism D) geocentrism

B

Ben, a production plant manager, reports to Dan, a regional manager. Ben and Dan are ________. A) team leader B) middle manager C) first-line manager D) top manager

B

Carla has identified several possible sources for an unusual grain for her artisan bread. Now she is comparing their prices, quality, and delivery times. At what step is she in the decision-making process? A) develop alternatives B) analyze alternatives C) select an alternative D) implement the alternative

B

Edgar hired a graduate from his alma mater, thinking he would be a successful first line supervisor. Unfortunately the new hire hasn't worked out as well as hoped. Edgar decided to invest time and money in training for the new hire but saw little improvement. Next he assigned a successful supervisor to mentor the young employee. The problems persisted. Edgar is displaying ________. A) irrational behavior B) escalation of commitment C) poor judgment D) bounded rationality

B

Elmo Research & Development has been going through a rough patch lately. Turnover has been high and employee morale is at an all-time low. Though employees and competitors hold management responsible for the decline, the CEO does not let the managers go or change the management style. Which of the following could explain this attitude? A) As the organization has an autocratic management style, the employees are responsible for organizational policies. B) The CEO holds the view that managers have only limited role in organization success or failure. C) The CEO holds the omnipotent view of management, which believes that external factors have significant effect on performance outcomes.

B

Gerber makes and sells baby products. A shift in the birth rate would represent a change in the _______ component of this firm's external environment A) psychographic B) demographic C) political D) cultural

B

When Fred tells the employees that he is sure they can fulfill the schedule because they are good and skilled employees, he is performing which of the following management functions? A) controlling B) leading C) negotiating D) delegating

B

Granval manages a production facility in Aughmenistan for a multinational company headquartered in Paris. His Paris bosses emphasize the importance of operating his plant efficiently so as to conserve scarce resources. It is likely Granval's employer is A) polycentric company B) global company C) transnational company D) multidomestic corporation

B

If Nanette is able to strengthen the culture of her organization, which one of the following could she reasonably expect as a result? A) an increase in absenteeism B) a decrease in employee turnover C) an increase in her stock trading price D) a decrease in health insurance costs

B

If mortgage interest rates increase, this would be an example of changing___ conditions in a firm's external environment A) sociocultural B) economic C) financial D) political

B

In the late 1970s, Apple launched the Apple computer for individual use. It was a radical concept; there was no precedent for this type of product. Under these circumstances, Apple faced a situation of ________. A) certainty B) uncertainty C) risk D) necessity

B

Max is planning to go away to college next year and is currently trying to figure out which colleges he should apply to. He would like to major in English Literature at an accredited liberal arts college, but is also looking for a university that offers financial aid. In terms of the decision-making process, these represent Max's ________. A) alternatives B) decision criteria C) problems D) heuristics

B

Melamark LLC has customers on four continents. It would like to increase its global presence as a supplier to its global customers. The most expensive option would be to ________. A) form a strategic alliance with an existing company in another country B) directly invest in a production facility in another country C) export from a single production plant D) license producers in several countries

B

Nathan uses ethnic craftsmen to make high quality oak furniture. If he decides to offer his furniture for sale in other countries, he will be engaging in ________. A) importing B) exporting C) licensing D) franchising

B

One of Calvin's employees is having problems with a production machine so Calvin helps him troubleshoot the problem. Calvin is using his ___ skills. A) negotiator B) technical C) interpersonal D) conceptual

B

One of the more recent trade alliances, which came into existence in 2002, is the ________ made up of 54 nations. A)East African Community B)African Union C)South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation D)Trans-Pacific Partnership

B

One of the workers in Henry's department submitted his two weeks' notice so Henry needs to hire a replacement. The HR department issued a set of instructions Henry must follow to initiate the search for candidates. In other words, there is a ________ Henry must follow. A) practice B) procedure C) policy D) program

B

Terry has recently been promoted from shift manager to department manager. As a result, ________. A) his empirical skills are going to be most important B) the importance of his technical skills is reduced C) his conceptual skills are going to take the priority D) the importance of his interpersonal skills is reduced

B

The Corrupt Foreign Practices Act forbids U.S. citizens to offer bribes to officials in other countries, but some of those officials depend on bribes to supplement their meager incomes. This particular dilemma is part of the ________ environment. A) demographic B) political/legal C) economic D) cultural

B

The ________ is a group of five closely associated institutions, all owned by its member countries, that provides vital financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world. A) International Chamber of Commerce B) World Bank Group C) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development D) World Economic Forum

B

The _________ describes when decision makers fixate on initial information as a starting point and then, once set, fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information. A) selective perception effect B) anchoring effect C) framing bias D) confirmation bias

B

The organizational chart shows titles such as front-line manager, plant manager, and vice president of operations. It is very likely this organization has a ________. A) traditional committee structure B) traditional pyramid structure C) modern matrix structure D) flexible structure

B

Time should be considered a(n) ____ resource. A) diminishing B) limited C) renewable D) abundant

B

Tom is responsible for project managers who supervise others who perform manual work. He reports to a vice president on another continent. Tom is a ______ A) team leader B) middle manager C) first-line manager D) top manager

B

When managers make decisions that are rational but limited by their ability to process the information, they are following the concept of ________. A) cognitive decision making B) bounded Rationality C) escalation of commitment D) intuitive decision making

B

Whereas____ is concerned with the means of getting things done,_______ is concerned with the ends, or attainment of organizational goals. A) effectiveness; efficiency B) efficiency; effectiveness C) effort; efficiency D) efficiency; experience

B

Which one of the following represents the lowest level of environmental uncertainty? A) Mario's restaurant competes against 325 others in the city, the city's ethnic mix is constantly changing. B) Maria's is still the only restaurant in a small town. She took it over from her mother and still uses the same equipment. C) Millie's customers expect to see new menu items regularly and want Millie to install Wi-Fi. D) Marty has to deal with the local council, the health department, the franchisor, the zoning commission-the list keeps growing. He is grateful there are no new competitors moving in.

B

Which one of the following types of global organizations reflects the geocentric attitude? A) multidomestic corporation B) transnational organization C) global company D) regional organization

B

A manager who wishes to be successful in international business should avoid a(n) ________ attitude. A) multicultural B) multiracial C) ethnocentric D) geocentric

C

A person desiring to understand the culture of an organization would examine___ A) its formal rules B) the nature of products/services offered by the company C) the shared values and practices of the firm D) a set of operational procedures for the company

C

A problem can best be described as______ A) a change from the past B) something bad that has happened C) a difference between current conditions and some desired state D) a loss of something of value

C

Adam has been hired by an organization that has a partnership with a foreign company. Both the partners share resources and knowledge while developing new products. Adam's organization has formed a ________. A) licensing company B) franchising company C) strategic alliance D) foreign subsidiary

C

After Abby listened to the weather report this morning before work, she drove her car and carried an umbrella instead of riding her motorcycle. Whether she realizes it or not, Abby ________ A) analyzed criteria B) assigned weights to criteria C) implemented a decision D) evaluated a decision

C

American business students may be at a disadvantage because ________. A) competition from foreign-born students makes it more difficult to be accepted at the better universities B) scholarships are being awarded to undocumented students C) many colleges and universities no longer require courses in foreign language D) tuition costs have risen beyond the reach of most high school graduates

C

Belinda wants to introduce a new model to the product line. Three models are being developed. Belinda can choose only one. She has decided to focus on target market size, production costs, and net profits. These are Belinda's ________. A) alternatives B) criterion weights C) decision criteria D) problems

C

Carla is searching the Internet for sources for an unusual grain used in the production of an artisan bread. Carla is at the ________ step in the decision-making process. A) allocate-weights B) identify-decision-criteria C) develop-alternatives D) identify-the-problem

C

Establishing strategies for achieving organizational goals is a part of the _____ function. A) leading B) coordinating C) planning D) organizing

C

Ethan is the president of his organization. Therefore,_____ A) he should be very sound in his technical skills B) he can manage with limited financial skills C) conceptual skills are the most important skills that Ethan requires D) his interpersonal skills are not important

C

Google has often been cited as a model for employee satisfaction. Google takes extensive care to ensure employees have the best available conditions to perform, ranging from free snack bars, free massages, innovation rooms, spas-on-site, and many more such measures. Which dimension of organizational culture is Google said to emphasize through such measures? A) stability B) aggressiveness C) people orientation D) attention to detail

C

If the components in an organization's environment exhibit minimal change, such an environment is said to be ________. A) volatile B) dynamic C) stable D) simple

C

Kelly, a production supervisor, is responsible for ten employees who assemble components into a finished product, Kelly is a ___ A) team leader B) middle manager C) first-line manager D) top manager

C

Parochialism is a tendency to ________. A) think highly of the foreign country in which the organization is doing business B) focus on best approaches and people from around the globe C) view the world solely through one's own eyes and perspectives D) let employees in the host country figure out how best to do things

C

Part of Jose's company's business plan involves setting up a foreign subsidiary. This arrangement involves ________. A) making products domestically and selling them abroad B) Jose's company giving the foreign subsidiary the right to use its brand name C) directly investing in a foreign country D) minimum global investment

C

Supervisor is another name for__ A) team leader B) middle manager C) first-line manager D) top manager

C

The ___ component of an organization's external environment is concerned with trends in population characteristics such as age, race, gender, education level, geographic location, income, and family composition. A) economic B) political C) demographic D) sociocultural

C

The citizens of Abolonia believe no top executives should ever earn more than 40 times the average wage of the company's employees. This is an example of____ A) how changes in the demographics limit the discretion managers have B) how government regulation affects the salaries executives can earn C) how societal attitudes in the economic context create constraints on the decisions managers make D) a trend in the sociocultural environment that limits disposable imcome in the economic environment

C

The final step in the decision-making process is to ________. A) implement the chosen alternative B) determine the criteria for the next decision C) evaluate the outcome of the decision D) analyze the process of allocating weights to the decision criteria

C

The soccer league in England is notorious for the number of team managers fired over the course of a single season, which stands at no fewer than eight managers on average, owing to poor team form and consequently, poor results. It is evident from this information that the league endorses a(n) ________ view of management. A) impotent B) symbolic C) omnipotent D) omniscient

C

Two of Brent's subordinates have not been getting along, a situation that has now interfered with their productivity. When Brent meets with them to resolve the conflict, he is engaged in ________. A) planning B) organizing C) leading D) controlling

C

Wasting resources is considered to be an example of____ A) inefficacy B) ineffableness C) inefficiency D) ineffectiveness

C

When Paul manages the employees who produce the product, he is utilizing his___ A) conceptual skills B) disseminator skills C) technical skills D) interpersonal skills

C

When Sam Walton visited his Walmart stores, he would often lead the employees in cheers and give inspiring speeches. Sam knew the importance of ________ skills. A) decisional B) technical C) interpersonal D) conceptual

C

When problems are ________, managers must rely on ________ in order to develop unique solutions. A) structured; non programmed decision making B) structured; pure intuition C) unstructured; non programmed decision making D) unstructured; programmed decision making

C

Which of the following factors is a sociocultural component of an organization's external environment? A) most of the firm's customers have at least one year of college B) the government of the country holds elections whenever confidence in the current regime falters C) Over time, society has become more accepting of alternative lifestyles D) the average number of hours worked per year is increasing

C

Which of the following is a multinational corporation that tailors marketing strategies to the host country's unique characteristics? A) borderless organization B) global company C) multidomestic corporation D) transnational organization

C

Which of the following is important in effectively implementing the chosen alternative in the decision-making process? A) evaluating each alternative by using the established criteria B) being creative while implementing the alternatives C) allowing those impacted by the outcome to participate in the process D) ignoring criticism your chosen alternative

C

Which of the following represents an important constituent of a small-town bake shop selling desserts and coffee?A) wheat farmers in kansas B) the state department of revenue C) the bakery's regular customers D) the local campus of the community college

C

Which of the following would make Mary realize that the company has a strong culture? A) values are limited to the top management B) culture sends contradictory messages about what is important C) most employees are aware of company history D) shared values and behaviors are not connected

C

Which one of the following is true concerning the three managerial skills? A) Technical skills tend to be most important for middle-level managers B) conceptual skills are most important for lower-level managers C) Interpersonal skills remain equally important to all levels of management D) technical skills increase and conceptual skills decrease in importance as a manager climbs the organizational chart

C

Which one of the following represents the basic difference between multidomestic corporations and global companies? A) Multidomestic corporations typically do business with more countries than global companies. B) Multidomestic corporations are run by global companies but must be owned by a local, national company. C) Multidomestic corporations decentralize management to the local country, while global companies centralize management in the home country. D) Multidomestic corporations reflect an ethnocentric attitude, while global companies reflect a polycentric attitude.

C

"All employees must be at their work stations and ready to work by the time the buzzer sounds." This is an example of ________. A) a policy B) a procedure C) a practice D) a rule

D

A(n) ________ typically contains an ambiguous term that leaves interpretation up to the decision maker. A) rule B) procedure C) edict D) policy

D

Abigail is shopping for a new copier for her company. She has set her price range between $5,000 and $6,000. The copier must handle a minimum of 10,000 copies per month and have a useful life expectancy of five years. If Abigail selects the first copier she finds that meets these criteria, we would say she is ________. A) using perfect rationality B) using bounded rationality C) using intuition D) satisficing

D

Because this is her first job, Melanie was unclear about what managers actually do. Fortunately her training materials explained that a manager's job focuses on ________. A)supervising groups rather than individual B)performing clerical duties C)personal achievement D)helping others accomplish their work goals

D

Bethany works for an international accounting firm noted for its superior quality of work. Employees check and the double-check their work . The culture of this firm emphasizes what? A) teams B) outcomes C) people D) attention to detail

D

Calvin's goals for the coming year include specific targets for increasing market share and quantity of units shipped. If he succeeds, he will be handsomely rewarded. If he fails, he is likely to be replaced. Judging from this, it would appear that Calvin's employer subscribes to the ____ A) omniscient view of the management B) impotent view of management C) symbolic view of management D) omnipotent view of management

D

Connie has an idea for a new product she would like to produce and market. Mintzberg would consider the activities necessary to form and launch her company to be part of the ___role. A) planning B) resource allocator C) negotiator D) entrepreneur

D

Cypress Exports would like to establish retail outlets in Mongrovia, a quasi-democratic African country with a growing middle class. But the national and local officials all want "gratuities" to process the applications for permits. Cypress Exports should appeal to ________. A) the World Trade Organization B) the International Monetary Fund C) the African Union D) the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

D

Ellen's ability to produce the same amount of product with fewer personnel is a reflection of her ________. A) effectiveness B) organizing skills C) leadership D) efficiency

D

Employers in the global marketplace look for which one of the following? A) a college degree in multicultural awareness B) critical thinking skills C) multi-lingual skills D) respect for differences

D

Faced with incomplete information about the future national economic conditions, many employers have eschewed the tradition of hiring full-time, permanent employees in favor of ________. A) hiring only high school graduates willing to work for lower wages B) a reduced work week of no more than 30 hours per week per employee C) off-shoring as many jobs as possible to reduce costs associated with government-mandated programs D) a flexible work arrangement that includes freelancers and temporary workers

D

Harley Davidson makes motorcycles but in its retail stores it also sells clothing, motorcycle accessories, jewelry, and many related products carrying the Harley trademarks made by other companies. Harley Davidson is engaging in ________. A) global sourcing B) exporting C) franchising D) licensing

D

Ian is a plant manager in a multi-site corporation. He often deals with situations involving new customers and new products. These are often ________. A) non-linear problems and risky decisions B) structured problems and programmed decisions C) uncertain problems and linear decisions D) unstructured problems and non programmed decisions

D

If your team quickly painted the wall but discovered afterward it was the wrong wall, your team would be ________. A) neither effective nor efficient B) efficient and effective C) effective but inefficient D) efficient but ineffective

D

In Malbadia, a central committee formed by the political powers decides what products and how many of each will be produced. This situation is typical of a ________. A) free market economy B) foreign economy C) free enterprise economy D) planned economy

D

In today's global environment, managers must have a(n) ________ attitude to be successful. A) ethnocentric B) parochial C) polycentric D) geocentric

D

Joint ventures are a type of ________. A) license B) franchise C) foreign subsidiary D) strategic alliance

D

Kenneth is a vice president of operations. His position would be regarded as a ________. A) team leader B) middle manager C) first-line manager D) top manager

D

Managers cannot possibly analyze all information on all alternatives, they tend to ________, rather than ________. A) maximize; satisfice B) neutralize; satisfice C) satisfice; neutralize D) satisfice; maximize

D

More than a hundred years ago, Henri Fayol proposed that managers performed five functions. They were___ A) planning, organizing, directing, evaluating, and controlling B) organizing, directing, coordinating, evaluating, and controlling C) planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling D) planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling

D

Moreno's Pub Burgers has enjoyed its status as the Numero Uno hamburger restaurant in Pleasantville for the past ten years. Its only competitor is a national fast food chain preferred by children rather than adults. Which of the following, if true, would make Moreno's business environment more uncertain? A) The fast food chain closes B) A new employer moves into the area, bringing hundreds of jobs and more families C) Moreno's buys the lot next door to expand its parking lot D) Because of the growth of Pleasantville's population, more hamburger chains build facilities in Pleasantville.

D

Technology makes it easier to stay connected but ________. A) there is always the risk of security breaches and the theft of information necessary for good time management practices B) it raises expectations on the part of those to whom we are connected C) technology fails, batteries lose power, and their effectiveness wanes D) it also presents constant distractions, making it difficult to stay on task

D

The United States belongs to a trade alliance known as CAFTA, which stands for ________. A) Canadian American Free Trade Alliance B) Columbian Argentine Free Trade Alliance C) China Australia Free Trade Agreement D) Central America Free Trade Agreement

D

The single European Union currency is called the ________. A) deutchmark B) krona C) pound D) euro

D

Wendell notices that the company's top executives share a belief that managers are directly responsible for the organization's success or failure. This belief reflects a(n) ________ view of management. A) symbolic B) traditional C) omniscient D) omnipotent

D

Which of the following environments is characterized by the highest level of environmental uncertainty? A) a stable and complex environment B) a dynamic and simple environment C) a stable and simple environment D) a dynamic and complex environment

D

Which one of the following most accurately reflects the difference between strong cultures and weak cultures? A) Strong cultures tend to encourage employees to try new approaches to changing conditions, while weak cultures do not. B) In strong cultures, organizational values are held by top management, while in weak cultures, values are diffused throughout the organization. C) Strong cultures have less influence on employee behavior than do weak cultures. D) Company values are more deeply held and widely shared in strong cultures than in weak cultures.

D

____skills involve the ability to work well with other people, both individually and in a group. A) technical B) assessment C) planning D) interpersonal

D

organizing includes_____ A) setting organizational goals B) hiring organizational members C) motivating organizational members D) determining who does what tasks

D

which one of the following is a disadvantage of having a strong organizational culture? A) high employee turnover B) decreased organizational performance C) low loyalty towards the organization D) inability to respond to changing conditions

D

James has calculated the possible profits from three different scenarios for the expansion of his recreation park, each for a different amount of advertising and promotion. He has chosen to implement the scenario that offers the greatest profit. James has decided to ________. A) maximax B) maximin C) minimax D) minimin

maximax