Origins of Art
Cross-culturally, human males tend to prefer female figures with a WHR of
0.7
According to estimates, how long did it take to make all the beads found at the Sungir site?
13,000 hours
The oldest known hominid stone tools date to
3.3 million years ago
The "Venus" figurines found so far were made over which period of time?
35,000 to 19,000 years ago
The Upper Paleolithic dates from
45-10 ka
Which of the following is not an example of a signal?
A bird preening its feathers to clean them
Oldowan tools are characterized by
A haphazard appearance
Information processing is an essential biological function because
ALL OF THE ABOVE (An organism that could not process information would not be able to identify edible substances and avoid toxic ones, An organism that could not process information would not be able to find mates, An organism that could not process information would not be able to detect and avoid predators)
The use of complex resource extraction techniques involves
ALL OF THE ABOVE (Gaining access to resources that would otherwise be inaccessible, The bypassing of anatomical limitations, The use of tools and strategies)
At which site have multiple female figurines been found?
ALL OF THE ABOVE (Grimaldi Cave, Avdeevo, Malt'a)
Which event occurred during the Middle-to-Upper-Paleolithic Transition?
ALL OF THE ABOVE (Homo sapiens settled in Europe, Neanderthals gradually went extinct, Homo sapiens co-existed with Neanderthals)
According to Coe's definition, art involves which of the following?
ALL OF THE ABOVE (Human modification of an object or body, Intention to attract attention to an object or body, The use of line, color, pattern, and/or form)
Which of the following patterns does the babirusa painting have in common with the parietal art of UP Europe?
ALL OF THE ABOVE (images painted in difficult-to-access locations, depiction of game animals, animals depicted in profile)
Which of the following suggests that some of the Malt'a figurines are representations of children?
ALL OF THE ABOVE (in some figurines, the head is disproportionately large compared to the body, some figurines are depicted wearing fur overalls, some figurines are smaller than others)
Which of the following is one of the advantages of social learning?
ALL OF THE ABOVE (it exponentially increases the amount of knowledge a person can acquire in a lifetime, it saves time and energy, it is less dangerous than learning through direct experience)
The "Venus" figurines have been interpreted as
ALL OF THE ABOVE (obstetric aids, representations of fertility goddesses, pornographic objects)
Theory of mind includes the ability to
ALL OF THE ABOVE (use inferences about others' mental states to predict their behavior, track multiple orders of intentionality, make inferences about others' mental states)
Which of the following is not one of the major cultural developments in Upper Paleolithic Eastern Europe?
Acheulean tools
Jochim's hypothesis could potentially be applied to the early body ornaments and/or portable art objects we have looked at in
All of these (Australia Africa Eastern Europe)
Which of the following references the theme of subsistence?
All of these (Chukchee eyeshades Mbuti hunting songs the Yąnomamö amoamo)
Among the Chukchee and Yupik, tattooing was used to
All of these (enhance beauty, transmit information about hunting and/or fighting competence, bring good luck or ward off evil)
Yąnomamö body decorations exhibit which of the following qualities?
All of these (exaggeration pattern color)
According to Mithen, which of the following is a type of animal sign represented in the art of Upper Paleolithic Europe?
All of these (footprints marks made on the ground marks made on vegetation)
Iglulik song festivals involve which of the following?
All of these (poetry dance music)
Antlers and horns provide information about
All of these (the sex of an animal the condition (health) of an animal the age of an animal)
In the sentence "Mother knows that this cup contains water," knows is an example of
An epistemic state
In what sense is the study of art behavior the study of human biology?
Art is behavior and behavior is produced by the brain
Which of the following is an example of apotropaic art?
Chukchee jewelry
Which of the following is not a collaborative art behavior?
Chukchee jewelry
The Upper Paleolithic site associated with the development of fired ceramics is
Dolni Vestonice
Which of the following sites is not part of the same culture region?
Dolni Vestonice
The oldest paintings in Chauvet Cave date to which period?
The Aurignacian
The fact that humans were producing figurative art at roughly the same time in Indonesia and Europe supports which of the following?
The Migration Model
Which of the following is not a characteristic of animal signals?
They are inexpensive to produce
Which of the following is an example of symbolic use of ochre?
Use of ochre crayons to make drawings
Which of the following is not one of the cognitive adaptations that enable cultural transmission?
WHR preferences
An adaptation is
a biological structure that is well-designed for a particular function
During the last glacial maximum, Franco-Cantabria was
a population refuge
A "song line" is
a series of songs based on a single theme
A species can be thought of as
a set of adaptations designed to solve the adaptive problems posed by its ecological niche
Dissanayake believes that the function of art behavior is to
allay anxiety and promote group cohesiveness
In the study of animal behavior, a signal is defined as
an animal trait designed by natural selection to influence the behavior of other animals via their sense organs
The earliest known evidence of intentional mark-making is
an engraved shell found at Trinil, Indonesia
Yupik and Chukchee "labret" tattoos are
an example of inter-cultural influence
According to Verpooten & Nelissen, which of the following enabled the development of cumulative culture?
an increase in long-distance contact between groups
According to Mithen, the lines of dots seen in Upper Paleolithic cave art may represent
animal tracks
According to Dissanayake, which of the following is evidence that art behavior is an adaptation?
art behavior is universal, costly, and pleasurable
Which of the following is a stylistic similarity between the Sungir and Malt'a sites?
artifacts embellished with engraved dots
A similarity between chimpanzee and children's art is that
both chimpanzees and children begin with scribbling
How is art behavior like tool making?
both require sequencing
The use of game drives to hunt large herding animals requires
communication and cooperation between different groups
Which of the following is not a feature(s) that entices exploration and/or aids in orientation?
cues associated with waning/absence of food resources
What kind of animal depictions are absent in Upper Paleolithic cave art?
depictions of young animals and small mammals
The function of perceptual biases is to
direct attention to potentially beneficial or hazardous entities in the organism's environment
The hoquet technique is similar to Mbuti net hunting in that
each person has a role and must perform it at exactly the right time
Which of the following is not a characteristic of hunter-gatherer economy?
economic specialization
According to Mithen's hypothesis, the geometric signs seen in Upper Paleolithic cave art are unlikely to represent
entoptic phenomena
In general, the "Venus" figurines are characterized by
exaggerated breasts, abdomen, buttocks, hips, and/or thighs
What is the geographic range of the Upper Paleolithic female figurines that have been found so far?
from Western Europe to Siberia
Which of the following is not true?
hxaro is a form of bartering
"Artification" refers to
intentionally shaping, embellishing, and fashioning aspects of the world to make them more than ordinary
The babirusa painting
is ~3,000 years older than the oldest paintings in Chauvet Cave
When psychologists say that the mind is "modular" they mean that
it consists of many different programs, each of which is designed to perform a specific task
Art behavior is seen as evidence of cognitive modernity because
it involves the storage of symbolic information outside the brain
Which of the following is not one of the steps of the scientific method?
making value judgments
"I will bare my teeth and make my rival retreat" is an example of
manipulation
Hxaro partners
may live as far as 200 km away from each other
The statement "Congo made drawings and paintings because he found it enjoyable and interesting" is an example of
mentalistic explanation of behavior
Verpooten & Nelissen argue that iconic representation is an example of
mimicry
Roads or paths that bend around hills, meandering streams or rivers, and partially blocked views are all examples of
mystery
A symbol is a sign that
points arbitrarily to its referent
The Creative Explosion Model
posits that a major cognitive change occurred in our species ~40 ka
The Hunting Magic Hypothesis interprets geometric signs on/near animal images in caves as
representations of wounds, weapons, and/or traps
Egg-spots in male cichlids are an example of
sensory exploitation
Which of the following do the geometric signs on the dream-spirit figures not reference?
substances that cause sickness
The "Venus" figurines are important because they
suggest the development of trans-regional traditions
In what way do the human figurines found at Malt'a differ from other Upper Paleolithic human figurines?
the Malt'a figurines include depictions of males and adolescents
The proposition that humans have an innate predisposition to attend to or affiliate with natural elements or processes is known as
the biophilia hypothesis
In Upper Paleolithic Western European art, which of the following are shown in twisted perspective?
the feet
Verpooten & Nelissen argue that iconic representation emerges from
the interplay between cumulative culture and evolved sensory biases
When a male cichlid displays his egg spots to the female and the female snatches at them
the male is the actor and the female is the reactor
The Malt'a site is important because it contains
the oldest known images of sewn fur clothing
The passage below refers to which of the following perceptual biases?"What the artist tries to do...is to not only capture the essence of something but also to amplify it in order to more powerfully activate the same neural mechanisms that would be activated by the original object."
the peak shift effect
One important difference between Upper Paleolithic Western and Eastern Europe is that
there is a much greater abundance and variety of statuary and personal ornaments in Eastern Europe
Shell beads are considered a form of symbolic behavior because
they communicate social information
Jochim argues that Late Upper Paleolithic art in southwestern France and northern Spain was used
to promote cooperation between groups
In the context of mate selection, which of the following is not a clue to gene quality?
toxins, parasites, and pathogens
Iglulik song contests were
used to resolve disputes
In the study of animal signaling, "mindreading" refers to
using the signal made by another animal to predict its behavior
Entoptic images are
visual effects whose source is the eye itself
Which of the following is not one of Dixson et al.'s explanations for the female preference for the mesomorphic male body type?
Mesomorphic males tend to be more fertile than endomorphic, ectomorphic, or average-build males
Which of the following is not an example of a basic perceptual bias?
Phallic symbols
Which species is associated with the majority of the art produced in Upper Paleolithic Europe?
H. sapiens
Which of the following best summarizes the Savanna Hypothesis?
Humans have a general preference for grassland habitats due to their long evolutionary history in East Africa
Inventing tools to catch fish and making clothing, fire, and shelters to keep warm are illustrations of
Improvisational intelligence
Which of the following is not true?
Individuals can cause the spread of their genes through mutation
Which of the following is not a benefit of hxaro?
It is a means of acquiring respect and influence in one's group
As discussed in lecture, which of the following is not a key feature of art and art behavior?
It is characterized by excellence of craftsmanship
Dissanayake argues that the common denominator of the arts is
Making Special
Which of the following is not a means used by individual men to display their prowess, courage, or ferocity?
Mbuti hunting songs
