Os and Device Foundation Chapter 5-6

You have been asked to implement a RAID 5 solution for an engineer's desktop workstation. What is the minimum number of hard disks that can be used to configure RAID 5?

3 EXPLANATION A RAID 5 array stripes data and parity information across multiple hard disks. To complete a RAID 5 array, a minimum of three hard disks is required. RAID 0 and RAID 1 can both be implemented with a minimum of two hard disks.

One of the video editors in your company is worried that he may lose a lot of data if his hard drive fails. He has asked you to come up with a solution. To do this, you have decided to implement a RAID 10 solution on his desktop workstation. Which of the following is the MINIMUM number of hard disks that can be used?

4 EXPLANATION A RAID 10 array nests a mirrored array within a striped array. To create a RAID 10 array, a minimum of four hard disks is required (two for the mirrored array and two more to stripe the mirror).

You are building a new computer and have purchased a motherboard that includes four built-in SATA connectors. Which of the following MOST accurately lists the maximum number of SATA devices you can connect to the motherboard using the integrated ports?

4 EXPLANATION You can connect one SATA device per port. If you have four ports, you can connect four devices.

You have a CD-RW drive that advertises speeds of 32x/12x/48x. What is the read speed of the drive?

48x EXPLANATION The read speed is 48x. When multiple numbers are listed together, the first number is the record speed, the second number is the rewrite speed, and the last number is the read speed. If the drive does not perform rewrite functions, the middle number is omitted.

Match each storage device type on the left with its description and benefits on the right. Solid State Drive (SSD)

A flash device and storage capacity similar to a small hard drive. Faster than other devices. No moving parts. Lasts longer than other storage devices. EXPLANATION A solid state drive (SSD) is a flash device with storage capacity similar to a small hard drive. They are faster than other devices. They have no moving parts and last longer than other storage devices.

Match each storage device type on the left with its description and benefits on the right. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

A thick magnetic disk made of aluminum platters. Uses read/write heads to access data stored on the platters. Provides up to several terabytes in storage capacity, and cost per megabyte is very low. EXPLANATION Hard disk drives (HDD) are thick magnetic disks made of aluminum platters. They use read/write heads to access data stored on the platters. They provide up to several terabytes of storage capacity, and their cost per megabyte is very low.

Which partition type identifies the partition as one that holds the boot loader program used to start the operating system?

Active EXPLANATION The active partition identifies which partition holds the boot loader code. When the system starts, it looks in the volume boot record (VBR) of the active partition to identify the location of the boot loader code. The system partition is the partition that holds the operating system files. This might be the same as the active partition, but can be different. A primary partition is a partition type on a basic disk. An active partition must be a primary partition, but there can be additional non-active primary partitions on a disk. An extended partition is a partition type that is subdivided into logical drives. The extended partition cannot be the active partition.

If you want to boot from a hard drive, what must it have?

Active Partition EXPLANATION The active partition contains the boot sector, which is required to load an operating system. An extended partition is a partition type on a basic disk. An extended partition can exist, but is not required to boot.

You are in the process of purchasing several new Windows-based computers to replace broken or outdated computers. You have heard that solid state drives (SSDs) can significantly increase the overall performance of the system. Which of the following BEST describes the features of solid state drives (SSDs) compared to hard disk drives (HDDs)? (Select TWO).

An SSD uses flash technology to store data. An SSD opens files faster than an HDD. EXPLANATION A solid state drive is a flash device with a storage capacity similar to a small hard drive. Solid state drives are used as replacements for hard disk drives and store operating system, application, and data files. Solid state drives have several advantages. They: Are faster than hard drives. Have no moving parts. Have lower power consumption than hard drives (which is good for laptops). Are less susceptible to physical damage (from dropping) and immune to magnetic field damage. Are smaller and lighter than hard drives. The main disadvantage of solid state drives is cost--they are several times more expensive than comparable hard drives. However, their advantages make them a good choice in many situations, especially for portable devices.

Which Blu-ray standard defines rewritable disks?

BD-RE EXPLANATION BD-RE is the Blu-ray standard that defines rewritable disks. BD-ROM is the read-only standard, and BD-R is the recordable standard. R/RW is used to designate rewritable CD and DVD discs, not Blu-ray discs.

You have just received a frantic call from a customer. She informs you that after turning her computer on, she received the following error: The SMART hard disk check has detected an imminent failure. Which of the following is the BEST first step to take?

Back up all important data and files. EXPLANATION Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (SMART) is a monitoring system that detects drive errors. If SMART detects enough errors that a complete hard disk failure is imminent, a warning is displayed when the system boots. Self-monitoring is designed to warn you of disk failures before they actually happen. Therefore, if you see a SMART error, you should immediately back up the data on the disk and then, to be safe, replace the drive. Running a hard drive test to verify the condition of the hard disk is a good second step to verify the that the SMART error is accurate. A defragmentation tool will not help you troubleshoot or fix disk errors. Its main purpose is to consolidate files to create disk space and improve computer disk reads.

You have a computer with a removable disk drive that has been formatted with NTFS. You want the drive to use FAT32 to be compatible with more operating systems. The drive is currently configured using drive letter D:. Which of the following actions MUST you complete to make the desired changes?

Back up the data on the D: drive. Reformat the D: drive using FAT32. Restore the data. EXPLANATION The only way to go from NTFS to FAT32 is to reformat the drive. Because reformatting destroys all data, you should back up the drive before formatting and then restore the data after formatting the drive.

One day, while trying to start your Windows 10 system, you see the following error displayed: Could not read from the selected boot disk. Check boot path and disk hardware. Which of the following will MOST likely fix the problem?

Boot into the recovery environment and run the bootrec /rebuildbcd command. EXPLANATION This error message is generated when the system cannot find the partition specified in the BCD database where the operating system files are located. For example, the database might be pointing to the C: drive for the operating system files, but that drive does not exist. To fix this problem, boot into the recovery environment and then run the bootrec /rebuildbcd command to rebuild the boot loader database with a list of valid operating system locations. You will not be able to boot into Safe Mode because the operating system files have not yet been loaded. The fixmbr and bootcfg commands were used on older versions of Windows.

Which of the following are optical storage devices? (Select THREE.)

CD BD DVD EXPLANATION Optical storage devices use lasers for both reading and writing information. The following are all optical storage devices: CD (Compact Disc) DVD (Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc) BD (Blu-ray Disc) HDDs (Hard Disk Drives) are magnetic storage devices. A flash device stores information using programmable non-volatile flash memory. USB flash drive, SSDs (Solid State Drives), and SDHC memory cards are flash devices.

Which of the following disk maintenance utilities optimizes the performance of your hard drive by verifying the file system integrity of a hard disk and fixing the errors it detects?

Check Disk EXPLANATION Check Disk is a utility that verifies the file system integrity of a hard disk. Check Disk detects disk integrity errors and fixes them. Disk Defragmenter optimizes the performance of your hard drive by joining fragments of files that are in different locations on your hard drive into a single location. The more information that is on the drive, the more time it will take to defragment the drive. Disk Cleanup helps manage disks by locating and disposing of files that can be safely removed from the disk. Disk Management is a tool for viewing, modifying, and creating partitions.

Match each label on the left with the correct characteristics on the right. Compact Disc (CD) Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) Blu-ray Disc (BD) Compact Disc (CD-RW) Digital Versatile Disc (DVD-RW) Blu-ray Disc (BD-RE)

Compact Disc (CD) First developed to store digital music. Later, was adapted to store digital computer data. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) Single-sided discs can hold about 4.7 GB of data. Dual-layer discs can hold up to 8.5 GB of data. Blu-ray Disc (BD) Was originally developed for high-definition video (and expanded content on movie discs), but can also be used for data storage. Compact Disc (CD-RW) Can be written, read many times, erased, rewritten, and has a capacity of about 650 MB. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD-RW) Dual-layer version employs two recordable dye layers, each capable of storing data. Blu-ray Disc (BD-RE) Uses blue laser light. which has a short wavelength, allowing data to be packed more tightly onto the disc and is rewritable.

You are running Windows 10 on your computer. You want to decrease the time it takes to write data to your drives. To do this, you have decided to create a Windows software RAID system using a striped volume. Before you create the striped volume, which action MUST you take?

Convert basic disks to dynamic disks. EXPLANATION When creating a Windows software RAID on Windows 10, all of the drive used for the RAID system must be configured as dynamic disks. The step of formatting your disks comes after the step of configuring your drives as either basic or dynamic. Like basic disks, dynamic disks can use the MBR or GPT partition styles on systems that support both. With older versions of Windows, a basic disk included a multi-partition volume. To encourage the use of dynamic disks, multi-partition volume support was removed from basic disks and is now exclusively supported on dynamic disks.

Your computer has a single hard disk with a single volume used by the C:\ drive. You have previously upgraded the disk to a dynamic disk. The disk has run out of disk space. You need to add more space to the C:\ volume. You add a new hard disk to the computer. Which of the following is the BEST step to complete while adding space to the C:\ drive?

Create a mount point using space on the second disk. EXPLANATION A mount point is an empty folder on the existing volume that points to another partition. Data saved to the folder is physically saved on the referenced partition. Extending a volume adds space to the volume. Extending a volume using space on a different disk creates a spanned volume. You cannot extend the system volume using space on a second disk. A striped volume uses two equal portions on two disks. You can create a new striped volume, but you cannot stripe an existing volume.

Which of the following refers to a situation where two files try to claim the same cluster on the hard disk?

Cross-linked clusters EXPLANATION A cross-linked file error occurs when two files try to claim the same cluster. A lost cluster occurs when no file claims a cluster that has data within it. A corrupt MBR occurs when the master boot record on a system drive is corrupted. A SMART error occurs when a drive experiences a mechanical error.

Windows 10 features a storage solution called Storage Spaces. What is the name of the Storage Spaces feature that allows you to allocate space for redundant information using options that include two-way mirroring, three-way mirroring, and parity?

Data Resiliency EXPLANATION Storage spaces can include Data Resiliency. Choosing an option that provides resiliency requires you to allocate space for redundant information. The options for storage spaces data resiliency include: Simple, which does not provide redundancy. This option simply adds space from the storage pool to the storage space. When you select the Simple option, all of the data in the storage space is lost if one of the drives fails. Two-way mirror, which requires at least two storage devices. The data is written to two devices. Two-way mirror requires twice as much device space as the amount of storage allocated to the storage space. This option protects you from a single storage device failure. Three-way mirror, which requires at least five storage devices. The data is written to three storage devices. This option provides redundancy for the data if two storage devices fail at one time. Parity, which requires that you have at least three storage devices. This option uses parity information to reconstruct data if one of the storage devices fails. Parity uses less space for redundancy than the mirror options, but performance is not as good as the mirror options if a device failure occurs. Parity requires only 50 percent more redundancy space than storage space.

You have a computer with three hard disks. A RAID 0 volume uses space on Disk 1 and Disk 2. A RAID 1 volume uses space on Disk 2 and Disk 3. Disk 2 fails. Which of the following is true?

Data on the RAID 1 volume is accessible; data on the RAID 0 volume is not. EXPLANATION In this scenario, Disk 2 is shared between both volumes. If Disk 2 fails, the RAID 1 volume is still accessible because RAID 1 (mirrored) volumes can sustain a loss of a single disk. The data on the RAID 0 volume is not accessible. RAID 0 uses striping, which distributes the data evenly between multiple disks. If a single disk fails, the entire volume is lost.

Which of the following disk maintenance utilities locates and disposes of files that can be safely removed from the disk?

Disk Cleanup EXPLANATION Disk Cleanup helps manage disks by locating and disposing of files that can be safely removed from the disk. Disk Defragmenter optimizes the performance of your hard drive by joining fragments of files that are in different locations on your hard drive into a single location. Check Disk is a utility that verifies the file system integrity of a hard disk. Disk Management is a tool for viewing, modifying, and creating partitions.

Which of the following disk maintenance utilities optimizes the performance of your hard drive by joining parts of files that are in different locations on your hard drive into a single location?

Disk Defragmenter EXPLANATION Disk Defragmenter optimizes the performance of your hard drive by joining fragments of files that are in different locations on your hard drive into a single location. The more information is on the drive, the more time it will take to defragment the drive. Disk Cleanup helps manage disks by locating and disposing of files that can be safely removed from the disk. Check Disk is a utility that verifies the file system integrity of a hard disk. Disk Management is a tool for viewing, modifying, and creating partitions.

You have physically installed a new hard disk drive in your computer and configured the disk in the BIOS using the CMOS setup program. You try to access the hard disk drive in Windows Explorer, but the drive is not displayed. Which of the following utilities will you MOST likely use to solve the problem?

Disk Management EXPLANATION After physically installing a hard disk drive and configuring it in the CMOS, you need to partition the disk and format it with a file system using Disk Management. You can use the format command to format the disk, but it has to be partitioned first. The chkdsk command is used to scan the surface of a disk and locate bad sectors or other disk problems. The sfc command is used to verify the integrity of your Windows system files.

Which tool would you use to create and delete partitions on hard drives?

Disk Management EXPLANATION Use Disk Management to view, modify, and create partitions. Use Device Manager to update drivers and manage device-specific settings. Use the Services console to start and stop processes that run in the background. Use Explorer to view the contents of a volume or to format a drive.

While configuring a computer, you find that you need to create, format, and manage the partitions and volumes on your hard drives. Which of the following is the BEST command line utility to use?

Diskpart EXPLANATION DiskPart is the command line utility you can use to create, format, and manage partitions and volumes. Disk Management is the graphical utility you would use to do the same partition and volume creation, formatting, and management tasks you can do with DiskPart. DiskMan does not exist. format is a command line utility used to format disks for use with Windows. chkdsk is used to find and fix errors on disks, volumes, and files.

You have a computer running Windows 10 Home. You need to access the contents of a flash drive. The flash drive has been formatted with the exFAT file system. You want to read the flash drive on your computer as quickly as possible with the least amount of effort. What should you do?

Do nothing. Windows 10 can natively access exFAT file systems. EXPLANATION exFAT is supported in Windows Vista SP1 and later. While you can use convert.exe to change the file system from FAT32 to NTFS, you cannot change it from exFAT to FAT32.

Windows 10 features a storage solution called Storage Spaces. When you configure Storage Spaces, you can include information redundancy with a feature called Data Resiliency. Match the types of data resiliency on the left with the appropriate descriptions on the right. Each type of data resiliency may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Simple

Does not provide redundancy. Does not provide protection from a single storage device failure. EXPLANATION Storage spaces can include data resiliency. Choosing an option that provides resiliency requires you to allocate space for redundant information. The options for storage spaces data resiliency include: Simple, which does not provide redundancy. This option simply adds space from the storage pool to the storage space. When you select the Simple option, all of the data in the storage space is lost if one of the drives fails.

Which disk types does Windows support? (Select TWO.)

Dynamic Basic EXPLANATION Windows supports basic and dynamic disks. When you install Windows, your hard disks are automatically initialized as basic. You can convert them to dynamic disks after Windows is installed. You can use both basic and dynamic disks on the same computer system, but a volume consisting of multiple disks, such as a mirrored volume, must use only one type of disk. "Primary" and "extended" are terms that describe partition types on basic disks.

You have added two new hard disks to a Windows computer. The disks are configured as basic disks. Which of the following could be configured on these disks? (Select TWO).

Extended partitions with logical drives Primary partitions EXPLANATION Basic disks use primary and extended partitions. Each physical disk can have up to four primary partitions or three primary partitions and one extended partition. Logical drives are defined within an extended partition. The extended partition can be divided into multiple logical drives. Dynamic disks support volumes that use discontiguous disk space. Simple volumes contain disk space from a single hard disk (both contiguous and discontiguous space). Spanned volumes contain disk space from multiple hard disks grouped into a single logical volume. Striped volumes use equal partition sizes on two disks to create a volume. Data is divided and saved to each disk.

You have just purchased a new USB drive that you want to use to troubleshoot the computers in your company as well as other network devices, such as printers and projectors. You need to format this new drive with a file system that will be recognized and used on all devices. When formatting your USB drive, which of the following file system types would meet MOST, if not all, of your needs?

FAT32 EXPLANATION FAT32 is your best choice. Many of the older operating systems (and non-PC systems like printers, projectors, and TV sets) were initially installed or designed to use FAT32. Formatting your USB drive with any of the other file systems would make it incompatible with many of the devices you need to maintain.

Lately, you hear a clicking noise when reading or writing data from the hard disk. What is the most likely cause of the clicking?

Failing hard drive EXPLANATION A clicking noise when reading or writing data from the hard disk is an early sign of a failing drive. As a precaution, you should move data from the drive as soon as possible in this case. An overheated CPU or bad power supply will cause a spontaneous reboot, not a clicking. A system notification would indicate whether there is a failed drive, as it would not allow reading or writing. A failed UPS (or failed battery in the UPS) would result in a complete loss of power to the computer if the outlet (or wall) power was lost.

You are installing Windows 10 on a drive that was previously used for Windows 8.1. This drive has one primary partition. While installing Windows, you want to ensure that the old files are deleted and any bad sectors are located and marked as bad. To achieve your desired goal, which of the following is the BEST option to run?

Full Format EXPLANATION A full format starting with Windows Vista will overwrite data on the drive and scan the hard disk for bad sectors. A quick format does not overwrite data and does not check for bad sectors. DiskPart is a disk partition utility operated with the command line. Since your drive already has a partition, this utility is not required. Bootrec, or the bootrec.exe utility, is a tool provided by Microsoft in Windows Recovery Environment, or the Windows RE. It is typically used for activities such as fixing the master boot record.

You need a storage device that has very large storage capacity, is fast, and is relatively inexpensive. Which storage device will best suit your needs?

Hard Disk EXPLANATION A hard disk has a large memory capacity, is fast, and is relatively inexpensive. Optical disks are also inexpensive, but are not as fast and do not provide the storage capacity of hard disks. USB flash drives are not as inexpensive as hard disks with equal storage capacity and are not available with the capacity as the larger hard disks. Solid State Drives (SSDs) have a large memory capacity and are fast, but are much more expensive than comparable hard drives.

Which of the following is a magnetic storage devices?

Hard Disk EXPLANATION A hard disk is a thick magnetic disk encased in a thicker protective shell. Optical discs such as CDs and DVDs use lasers for both reading and writing information. Flash devices store information using programmable non-volatile flash memory. Solid state drives are flash devices with a storage capacity similar to a small hard drive.

Which storage device uses aluminum platters for storing data?

Hard Disk EXPLANATION Hard disks use magnetic disks and platters. Optical drives such as DVD or CD-ROM drives use a reflective surface that is read by an optical reader. Flash devices such as SD cards store information using programmable non-volatile flash memory. DLT drives use magnetic tape.

You have four volumes on a basic hard disk. You convert the disk to dynamic. After the conversion, which of the following are you MOST likely to see as the status of the fourth volume if it is valid and has no errors?

Healthy EXPLANATION If a basic disk gets converted to dynamic, the status of all partitions on that disk would be changed to show a status of Healthy. There are no Primary or Logical partitions on a dynamic disk. A basic hard disk can have only have four primary partitions. To get around this limitation on basic disks, the fourth partition is automatically configured as an extended partition that can hold logical drives, so the fourth partition would show a status of Healthy (Logical Drive).

You have four volumes on a basic hard disk. Which of the following are you MOST likely to see as the status of the fourth volume if it is valid and has no errors?

Healthy (Logical Drive) EXPLANATION A basic hard disk can have only have four primary partitions. To get around this limitation on basic disks, the fourth partition is automatically configured as an extended partition that can hold logical drives, so the fourth partition would show a status of Healthy (Logical Drive). The first three partitions would show a status of Healthy (Primary Partition). If the disk had been a dynamic disk, the status would just be Healthy. If the disk gets converted from basic to dynamic, the status would be changed to show just Healthy.

Which of the following is not an advantage of SSDs over HDDs?

Inexpensive EXPLANATION Solid State Drives (SSDs) are generally more expensive than hard disk drives (HDDs). Some advantages of SSDs over HDDs include the following: Faster No moving parts, so they last longer Lower power consumption Less susceptible to physical damage (from dropping) and immune to magnetic fields Smaller and lighter

Match the disk status on the left with the corresponding description on the right. Each status may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Formatting Healthy Unallocated Initializing Offline Unavailable

Initializing Shows while a disk is being converted from a basic disk to a dynamic disk. Healthy Indicates that the disk is turned on and can be accessed and the volume on the disk is valid and has no errors. Unavailable Indicates that errors have occurred on physical or dynamic disks. Offline Shows when a dynamic disk has been removed or turned off. EXPLANATION The Healthy or Online status indicates that the disk is turned on and can be accessed. The volume on the disk is valid and has no errors. The Initializing process shows while a disk is being converted from a basic disk to a dynamic disk. After the conversion, the status for the volume changes to Healthy. The Unavailable status indicates that errors have occurred on physical or dynamic disks. The Missing status shows when a dynamic disk has been removed or turned off.

You have an existing computer running Windows 10. You want to configure a RAID 1 array in the computer. You install two new SATA drives, then use the RAID controller integrated in the motherboard to define a RAID 1 array using them. When you boot the computer, Windows does not show the logical RAID drive. What should you do?

Install the drivers for the RAID controller. EXPLANATION You must install the RAID driver so that Windows recognizes arrays created by the motherboard RAID utility. Without the driver, Windows will not be able to see the logical drive defined by the array. When you define the array, you configure the BIOS to use RAID as the SATA type. If you had not completed this step, you would not be able to run the RAID configuration utility. Use AHCI to configure SATA drives to support hot swapping.

You have an existing computer running Windows 10 Enterprise. You want to configure a RAID 5 array in the computer. You install three new SATA drives and then use the RAID controller integrated into the motherboard to define a RAID 5 array using them. When you boot the computer, Windows does not show the logical RAID drive you just created. What should you do?

Install the drivers for the motherboard RAID controller. EXPLANATION You must install the RAID driver so that Windows recognizes arrays created by the motherboard RAID utility. Without the driver, Windows will not be able to see the logical drive defined by the array. When you define the array, you configure the BIOS to use RAID as the SATA type. If you had not completed this step, you would not be able to run the RAID configuration utility. Use AHCI to configure SATA drives to support hot swapping.

You are configuring a new system, and you want to use a RAID 0 array for the operating system using SATA disks and the RAID functionality built into the motherboard. Which of the following BEST describes the action you will take as part of the configuration?

Load the RAID drivers during operating system installation. EXPLANATION If you are using an onboard RAID controller with SATA drives, edit the CMOS settings and identify the drive type as RAID. This tells the system to load the onboard BIOS for accessing the connected drives. If you want to install the operating system on a RAID array, you need to manually load the controller driver so that Windows can see the RAID array.

Check Disk detects disk integrity errors and fixes them. Match the types of errors Check Disk detects and fixes on the left with the error descriptions on the right. Lost clusters Cross-linked file Orphaned files Bad sector

Lost clusters A series of used clusters on the hard disk drive that are not associated with a specific file. Cross-linked file Occurs when two files claim the same cluster. Orphaned files Files that exist on the hard drive but are not associated with a directory in the index. Bad sector A portion of the hard disk that cannot be used. EXPLANATION Check Disk detects disk integrity errors and fixes them. Errors that can be checked and fixed by Check Disk include the following: Lost clusters are a series of used clusters on the hard disk drive that are not associated with a specific file. A cross-linked file occurs when two files claim the same cluster. Check Disk identifies cross-linked files and correct their cluster associations. Orphaned files are files that exist on the hard drive, but are not associated with a directory in the index. Normally, Check Disk can re-associate the file with the correct directory. A bad sector is a portion of the hard disk that cannot be used. Bad sectors are marked so that they are no longer used. Any used bad sectors are redirected to another sector.

You are in the process of preparing a storage device and must determine which file system to use. Which of the following BEST describes the advantage of using the exFAT file system rather than NTFS?

Lower memory and processor resource use EXPLANATION exFAT does not have the additional memory and processing overhead and problems that can occur on removable storage when using NTFS. Both exFAT and NTFS support volumes over 32 GB and files over 4 GB. While exFAT supports some limited file permissions, NTFS provides better control through granular permissions and access control lists.

Which of the following are advantages of solid state storage compared to hard drives? (Select TWO.)

Lower power requirements No moving parts EXPLANATION Solid state drives have the following advantages when compared to hard disk drives: Lower power consumption No moving parts (and are, therefore, less prone to failure) Faster Less susceptible to physical damage (from dropping) Smaller and lighter Use standard SATA disk interfaces The storage capacity for SSDs is small in comparison to HDDs. SSDs are several times more expensive than comparable HDDs.

You have just finished installing a new SATA hard disk in your computer. Now your SATA DVD drive won't work. Which of the following troubleshooting steps is the BEST to try first? (Select TWO).

Make sure that the DVD power cable is connected. Make sure that the DVD SATA cable is connected. EXPLANATION The first thing to check is the simple and obvious. Make sure that the cable connecting the DVD drive is secure. It is possible that the cable came loose during the hard disk installation. All of the other choices would involve significantly more work. Master and Slave settings are not used on SATA devices. Moving the DVD drive to another system might make it start working, but you should verify the current configuration before trying that. You should only replace the DVD drive after you verify that it is not working correctly.

You have just finished upgrading the 250 W power supply in your desktop computer to a 450 W power supply. Now the BIOS doesn't recognize one of the hard disk drives in the system during POST. Which of the following troubleshooting steps is the BEST to try first?

Make sure that the hard disk is connected to the power supply. EXPLANATION Because you have just made a system change, you should check items related to the change you have made. In this case, check to make sure that power connectors are plugged in.

You have just finished upgrading the power supply in your desktop computer. Now the hard disk will not work. What should you do first?

Make sure the power connectors on the hard disk are plugged in all of the way. EXPLANATION Because you have just made a system change, you should check items related to the change you have made. In this case, check to make sure that power connectors are plugged in.

A sales person requires that a large number of document, data, presentation, image, and video files be accessible on their personal mobile device when making sales pitches to new customers. A cloud solution is not feasible, since cellular and internet connections are not always guaranteed at a customer site. Which of the following accessories would a technician suggest to BEST meet the sales person's requirements?

Micro SD Card EXPLANATION A micro SD will add storage to a mobile device. Data files on the micro SD will be available even without cellular and Wi-Fi connectivity. The card can be moved to other devices to update the files. A docking station might be beneficial if a storage device is attached. However, the docking station would be clumsy to work with and is not the BEST solution. A wireless hotspot would not be possible if there is no cellular connectivity. A credit card reader would be helpful when collecting payment when a sale is made, but will not store data files.

What is required to control access to the file system using file and folder permissions on a Windows-based computer?

NTFS-formatted partition EXPLANATION File permissions are only available under Windows for files on a partition formatted with NTFS, not FAT32. The Encrypting File Service (EFS) with Windows encrypts individual files. The Ext4 file system is used on Linux systems.

You have a DVD-ROM disc with no label, and you want to know if it has any important files on it. You insert the DVD-ROM into your optical media drive, then you double-click the drive letter for the optical drive to see the contents of the disc. If the DVD-ROM is not a valid disc, which error message will you see?

No Media EXPLANATION The No Media status shows for an optical or removable media drive that does not contain a valid disc. A Foreign disk is a dynamic disk that was created in one system and moved to another system. The Unreadable status indicates a hardware failure, I/O errors or other corruption but might also be caused by a delay in reading the disk in Disk Management. The Missing status shows when a dynamic disk has failed.

What method does an SD card use for storing data?

Non-volatile memory chips EXPLANATION Flash devices store information using programmable non-volatile flash memory. Common flash devices are eMMC, SD, SSD, MiniSD, MicroSD, memory sticks, and USB thumb drives. DLT drives use magnetic tape. Hard disks use magnetic disks and platters. Optical drives use a reflective surface and optical readers.

You have a disk in your system that is displayed in the Disk Management utility, as shown in the image below. The disk icon includes a red arrow that is pointing down. Which of the following would you expect to see, in the space where the red outline is, as the status of this disk?

Not Initialized EXPLANATION When Disk Management shows a disk icon that includes a red arrow that is pointing down, it indicates that the disk is not initialized. The disk status would say Initializing if the disk is being converted from a basic disk to a dynamic disk. A Foreign disk is a dynamic disk that was created in one system and moved to another system. The Unreadable status indicates a hardware failure, I/O errors, or other corruption, but might also be caused by a delay in reading the disk in Disk Management.

You have a computer with a single hard disk configured as a basic disk with a single partition formatted with NTFS. The computer runs Windows 10. The disk has run out of space. You need to add space to the disk. You install a new hard drive and start Disk Management. Which of the following is a required task to add space to the existing volume?

On the new hard disk, create a new partition without a drive letter. EXPLANATION Because this is the system volume, the only way to add space to the volume using space on the new disk is to create a mount point. A mount point is an empty folder on the existing volume that points to another partition. Data saved to the folder is physically saved on the referenced partition. To create a mount point: Create an empty folder on the existing volume. Create a partition on the new disk without a drive letter. Mount the partition to the empty folder on the existing volume. You cannot extend the volume to another disk because the volume is the system volume. You cannot extend the system volume even if it is on a dynamic disk. You can create mount points on basic or dynamic volumes.

Which of the following tasks would you complete as part of a SATA installation?

Plug the 15-pin power connector into the SATA drive. EXPLANATION SATA devices use a special 15-pin power connector that supplies 3.3, 5, and 12 volts. Using the 4-pin Molex connector for a SATA device requires an adapter cable. The master setting only applies to IDE drives and is used to determine the active controller with multiple devices on the same cable channel. Device IDs are used with SCSI devices, not SATA devices. Low-level formatting is done at the factory by the drive manufacturer.

Due to a blackout, power is no longer coming from the wall outlet, and your computer is now off. You do not have a UPS, and you need to remove a disc out of the DVD drive. What is the easiest method for retrieving the disc?

Push an unbent paper clip into the hole on the front of the drive. EXPLANATION Optical drives have an emergency eject hole. To open the disc tray when the drive does not have power, push a thin, rigid object (such as an unbent paper clip) into the hole to open the disc tray. Adding a UPS to the computer may provide enough power to eject the disc, but is not the easiest method. Prying the tray open will most likely damage the drive. Pressing the Eject button on the drive and the Restart button on the machine will not eject the disc.

You have been asked to configure the drives in a computer. The end user wants to use striping without incorporating any fault tolerance. Which of the following will BEST meet these requirements?

RAID 0 EXPLANATION RAID 0 uses disk striping and offers no fault tolerance. Disk striping breaks data into units and stores the units across a series of disks by reading and writing to all disks simultaneously. A failure of one disk in the set means all data is lost. This is the fastest of all RAID types. RAID 5 also uses disk striping, but provides fault tolerance for a single disk failure. RAID 1 provides fault tolerance, but does not use striping. An expanded volume set is a volume that spans more than one hard drive. An expanded volume set also offers no fault tolerance, yet does not use striping.

You are building a new computer that will contain two hard disks. To provide increased performance, you have decided to configure the drives using RAID technology. Which of the following will BEST meet your needs?

RAID 0 EXPLANATION RAID 0 (striping) uses two or more disks and provides an increase in performance, but not fault tolerance. RAID 1 (mirroring) uses two disks to provide fault tolerance, but not an increase in performance. RAID 5 uses a minimum of three disks and provides both fault tolerance and an increase in read performance.

Ben is concerned about losing data due to a hard disk failure. His computer will only support a maximum of three disks. To protect his data, you have decided to use RAID (redundant array of independent disks). Which of the following RAID types would give Ben the BEST mirrored data protection?

RAID 1 EXPLANATION RAID 1 is the only mirrored solution that can work on three or less drives. RAID 0 and RAID 5 protects data using stripping. RAID 10 uses mirroring, but requires a minimum of four disks.

One of your customers wants you to build a personal server that he can use in his home. One of his concerns is making sure he has at least one backup of their data stored on the server in the event that a disk fails. You have decided to back up his data using RAID. Since this server is for personal use only, the customer wants to keep costs down. Therefore, he would like to keep the number of drives to a minimum. Which of the following RAID systems would BEST meet the customer's specifications?

RAID 1 EXPLANATION RAID 1 will protect memory from a single disk failure and provides high-read performance. It also only requires a minimum of two disks. RAID 5 would also protect data from a single disk failure, but requires a minimum of three disks, and RAID 10 requires a minimum of four disks.

A computer being used by the HR department needs to ensure that all of the data on that computer is protected from a single hard disk failure. The data needs to be read as quickly as possible, and the HR department would like to maximize drive use as much as possible. This computer can use up to three hard drives. Which of the following RAID types would meet these requirements and provide the BEST data protection?

RAID 5 EXPLANATION A RAID 5 volume combines disk striping across multiple disks with parity for data redundancy. Parity information is stored on each disk. If a single disk fails, its data can be recovered using the parity information stored on the remaining disks. RAID 5 also provides an increase in performance for read operations. With three drives, RAID 5 uses approximately 33% overhead, whereas RAID 1 and 10 use 50%. RAID 0 does not provide fault tolerance. If one disk in the set fails, all data is lost. RAID 10 requires a minimum of four disks; this computer only has three.

Which of the following drive configurations uses striping with parity for fault tolerance?

RAID 5 EXPLANATION RAID 5 also uses disk striping, but provides fault tolerance for a single disk failure. Disk striping breaks data into units and stores the units across a series of disks by reading and writing to all disks simultaneously. RAID 0 uses disk striping and offers no fault tolerance. A failure of one disk in the set means all data is lost. RAID 1 provides fault tolerance, but does not use striping. A RAID 10 array nests a mirrored array within a striped array.

What is an advantage of RAID 5 over RAID 1?

RAID 5 improves performance over RAID 1. EXPLANATION RAID 5 provides both fault tolerance and improved performance. RAID 1 (mirroring) provides only fault tolerance with no performance benefit. Both RAID 5 and RAID 1 can only sustain a loss of one disk in the set. Use multiple disk controllers to provide redundancy for the disk controller.

Windows 10 features a storage solution called Storage Spaces. When you configure Storage Spaces, you can include information redundancy with a feature called Data Resiliency. Match the types of data resiliency on the left with the appropriate descriptions on the right. Each type of data resiliency may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Three-Way Mirror

Requires at least five storage devices. Protects your data if two storage devices fail at one time. EXPLANATION Storage spaces can include data resiliency. Choosing an option that provides resiliency requires you to allocate space for redundant information. The options for storage spaces data resiliency include: Three-way mirror, which requires at least five storage devices. The data is written to three storage devices. This option provides redundancy for the data if two storage devices fail at one time.

Windows 10 features a storage solution called Storage Spaces. When you configure Storage Spaces, you can include information redundancy with a feature called Data Resiliency. Match the types of data resiliency on the left with the appropriate descriptions on the right. Each type of data resiliency may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Two-way mirror

Requires at least two storage devices. EXPLANATION Storage spaces can include data resiliency. Choosing an option that provides resiliency requires you to allocate space for redundant information. The options for storage spaces data resiliency include: Two-way mirror, which requires at least two storage devices. The data is written to two devices. Two-way mirror requires twice as much device space as the amount of storage allocated to the storage space. This option protects you from a single storage device failure.

Windows 10 features a storage solution called Storage Spaces. When you configure Storage Spaces, you can include information redundancy with a feature called Data Resiliency. Match the types of data resiliency on the left with the appropriate descriptions on the right. Each type of data resiliency may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Parity

Requires that you have at least three storage devices. Allows you to reconstruct data if one of the storage devices fails. EXPLANATION Storage spaces can include data resiliency. Choosing an option that provides resiliency requires you to allocate space for redundant information. The options for storage spaces data resiliency include: Parity, which requires that you have at least three storage devices. This option uses parity information to reconstruct data if one of the storage devices fails. Parity uses less space for redundancy than the mirror options, but performance is not as good as the mirror options if a device failure occurs. Parity requires only 50 percent more redundancy space than storage space.

On Windows 10, using Storage Spaces eliminates the need for which of the following tasks? (Select TWO).

Resizing volumes Repartitioning drives EXPLANATION Storage spaces eliminates the need for such tasks as: Repartitioning drives Resizing volumes Backing up data in order to repartition

Which of the following is the most common disk interface used for optical drives on home and office computers?

SATA EXPLANATION Most modern computer systems use SATA optical drives. At one time, IDE/EIDE (ATAPI) optical drives were the most common type of optical drives implemented, but this has changed. SCSI was also used at one time, but has fallen out of favor for optical drives. In the early 1990s, some sound cards provided a proprietary internal connector for early CD-ROM drives, but these are now obsolete. Likewise, parallel ports were used in the early 1990s for optical drives, but these are also obsolete.

Which interface is primarily used for internal hard drives in modern desktop PC systems?

SATA EXPLANATION SATA is primarily used for internal hard drives in modern desktop PC systems. PATA (also called EIDE, IDE, and ATAPI) is a parallel ATA interface and was the most common interface used for hard disks and CD/DVD drives in the past, but not in modern PC systems. USB and Firewire are interface standards for connecting various external devices, including external hard drives. SCSI is commonly used for server storage, but is rarely used for hard disks in modern desktop systems.

Which generation of SATA storage devices does the following? Supports up to 6 Gbps data transfer rates Addresses solid state drives

SATA3 EXPLANATION SATA3 supports up to 6 Gbps (600 MBps). It mainly addresses solid state drives with SATA (hard disk drives are not capable of sending data at this rate). SATA1 is the original SATA standard. It provided 1.5 Gbps (150 MBps) data transfer. SATA2 supports up to 3 Gbps (300 MBps). eSATA is a subset of other standards specifically for externally connected devices. eSATAp (also known as Power over eSATA or Power eSATA) is meant to replace eSATA. It combines the functionality of an eSATA and a USB port with a source of power in a single connector.

You want to set up a Windows system to also be able to boot to Linux. To be able to dual boot, the system needs a partition on which to install Linux. However, you don't have an extra hard disk that can be used for the Linux partition. The existing disk has no unpartitioned space available, but it has about 300 GB of free space. Which of the following disk management operations will BEST prepare your hard disk for dual boot?

Shrink the primary partition. EXPLANATION You can decrease the space used by primary partitions and logical drives by shrinking them into adjacent, contiguous space on the same disk. For example, if you discover that you need an additional partition but do not have additional disks, you can shrink the existing partition from the end of the volume to create new unallocated space that can then be used for a new partition.

Which optical media has the greatest storage capacity?

Single-layer, single-sided Blu-ray disc EXPLANATION A Blu-ray disc has the greatest storage capacity of all optical media. A single-sided Blu-ray disc holds up to 25 GB of data. Dual-layer or double-sided discs double the storage capacity. Experimental 20 layer Blu-ray discs hold up to 500 GB. Single-layer, single-sided DVDs hold about 4.7 GB. A dual-layer or double-sided DVD can hold up to 8.5 GB; a dual-layer, double-sided DVD can hold up to 17 GB.

List the steps you need to follow to add more disk space to a Storage Space in Windows 10. Drag the correct steps from the left to the correct step number on the right. Not all steps on the left will be used. Add free space on a new storage device to a storage pool. Unmount the storage space that needs more disk space added. Allocate space from the storage pool to an existing storage space. Install a new storage device to the system. Mirror the storage space to at least one other storage device.

Step 1 Install a new storage device to the system. Step 2 Add free space on a new storage device to a storage pool. Step 3 Allocate space from the storage pool to an existing storage space. EXPLANATION When you need more disk space for your storage spaces, follow these steps: Install a new storage device to the system. Add the free space on that device to a storage pool. Allocate space to an existing storage space.

On a Windows 10 workstation, you want to use the Storage Spaces feature to create a logical drive. Which of the following components are used to configure Storage Spaces? (Select THREE.)

Storage spaces, which are logically defined units created from a pool of storage. Pools of storage, which are logically created from free space on storage devices. Storage devices, which are physical drives such as SATA drives or external drives. EXPLANATION Storage spaces are comprised of three components: Devices are the hard disks or other types of storage from which storage pools are created. You can use a variety of devices, such as SATA drives and external drives, to create storage pools. Pools of storage are created from the available disk space. A pool is a logical concept composed of the free space available on the specified storage devices. Storage Spaces define logical units of space created from a pool. One or more storage spaces can be created from the pool. To the Windows system and the user, storage spaces appear as disks with typical drive letters (such as E: drive or F: drive). Parity, thin provisioning, and data resiliency are benefits of Storage Spaces.

Match each disk type on the left with its corresponding description/features on the right. Each disk type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Dynamic Disks

Support up to 128 volumes. Support volumes that use discontiguous disk space. Store partitioning information in a hidden database on all such disks in the system. EXPLANATION Dynamic disks: Support up to 128 volumes. Support volumes that use discontiguous disk space. Store partitioning information in a hidden database on all such disks in the system.

Which of the following is true about primary partitions?

The active partition must be a primary partition. EXPLANATION A primary partition is a partition type used on basic disks. The active partition must be a primary partition. Each physical disk can have up to four primary partitions or three primary partitions and one extended partition. Logical drives are defined within an extended partition.

You have just added a brand new hard disk to your Windows-based computer. When you power on the computer, the disk is not shown in File Explorer. To troubleshoot this issue, you open the Windows Disk Management console and see that the disk is present, but is shown as Unknown. Which of the following disk management steps is MOST likely required first?

The disk needs to be initialized. EXPLANATION If you add a brand new disk to your PC and it doesn't show up in File Explorer, especially if it is in the Disk Management console, it's shown as Unknown. It is most likely that the drive needs to be initialized. Initializing a disk erases everything on it and prepares it for use by Windows. After a disk has been initialized, it can then be partitioned and formatted. Wiping a disk is the process of overwriting any data that was previously recorded on the hard drive. This process ensures that if the drive falls into enemy hands, no old data can be recovered. Since this drive is brand new, a disk wipe is not required.

Your system volume is running out of disk space. You need to extend the system volume to give it more space. Which of the following conditions MUST be met to extend the system volume? (Select TWO).

The system volume must formatted with NTFS. The disk must have contiguous free space on the same disk. EXPLANATION The system volume can only be extended using contiguous free space on the same disk. This is the same for both basic and dynamic disks. Any volume can only be extended if it is unformatted or formatted with NTFS. The system volume can be on either a basic or dynamic disk. The system volume cannot be extended or spanned to non-contiguous space or to space on another disk.

Which of the following is a characteristic of extended partitions?

They are subdivided into logical drives. EXPLANATION An extended partition is subdivided into logical drives. You cannot format an extended partition; you can only format the logical drives within the partition. You can have only a single extended partition per disk. The extended partition cannot be set as active and, therefore, cannot be used to boot the computer. Use a primary partition to set the partition as active, boot the computer, or to create multiple partitions per disk.

You have just finished installing Windows on a system that contains four physical hard disks. The installation process has created a system volume and a C: volume on the first disk (Disk 0). The installation process also initialized the second disk (Disk 1) and the third disk (Disk 2), but did not create any volumes on these disks. Which of the following would you expect to see as the status of Disk 1 and Disk 2?

Unallocated EXPLANATION A disk that has been initialized will show as Unallocated if no volumes have been created. The Healthy or Online status indicates that the disk is turned on and can be accessed. The volume on the disk is valid and has no errors. The Formatting status is shown for volumes during the formatting process. After formatting, the status for the volume changes to Healthy. The Initializing process shows while a disk is being converted from a basic disk to a dynamic disk. After the conversion, the status for the volume changes to Healthy. The Unavailable status indicates that errors have occurred on physical or dynamic disks. The Unreadable status indicates a hardware failure, I/O errors, or other corruption, but might also be caused by a delay in reading the disk in Disk Management.

You have an extra disk on your system that has three primary partitions and an extended partition with two logical drives. You want to convert the partitions to simple volumes, preferably without losing any data. Which of the following is the BEST step to perform?

Upgrade the disk to a dynamic disk. EXPLANATION When you upgrade a basic disk to a dynamic disk, existing partitions are converted to simple volumes. You can convert the disk without deleting partitions or losing any data. Use the Convert command to change the file system from FAT32 to NTFS. The partition table type (either MBR or GPT) does not affect the partition or volume type.

Your computer currently uses a 5,400 RPM hard disk. You want to improve your computer's overall performance by optimizing your hard disk performance. Which of the following would be the MOST effective means for optimizing your hard disk performance? (Select TWO).

Upgrade to a 10,000 RPM hard disk. Upgrade your hard disk interface to SATA 3. EXPLANATION Upgrading to a 10,000 RPM hard disk and upgrading to a SATA 3 disk interface are the two most effective steps you can take to improve your computer's overall performance. The 7,200 RPM hard disk is not the fastest hard disk option. At 600 Mbps, the SATA 3 disk interface is twice as fast as the SATA 2 interface. Although hard disk drives are not capable of sending data at the full 600 Mbps, they can go faster than the SATA 2 interface allows. Implementing RAID 0 does improve hard disk performance, but it requires a minimum of two disks. Adding another hard disk while keeping your current 5,400 RPM disk would not improve your hard disk performance as much as upgrading to 10,000 RPM hard disk with a SATA 3 disk interface.

You work for a small company as the human resources specialist. Since the company is fairly small, you are maintaining all of the employee information on your desktop computer, which is running Windows 10. This computer has two high-capacity hard disks. You want to ensure that this information is protected from a hard disk failure, so you want to set up a Windows software RAID system. Which of the following would be your BEST solution?

Use Mirror Volumes EXPLANATION A Windows software RAID system can be configured in Windows 10 using the Windows Disk Management tool. Of the available options from within Disk Management, you would need to configure a mirrored volume to protect your data from a disk failure. Disk mirroring requires two available drives with sufficient storage. Once configured, the data written to a mirrored volume is duplicated to both drives. This duplication, or mirroring, means that if one of the mirrored drives fails, all of the data can still be retrieved from the remaining good drive. A spanned volume is a dynamic volume consisting of disk space on more than one physical disk. This method does not duplicate the data. If a spanned volume drive fails, the data is lost. A striped volume uses the free space on more than one physical hard disk to create a bigger volume similar to a spanned volume. However, a striped volume writes across all volumes in the stripe in small blocks, distributing the load across the disks in the volume. In other words, when a single file is written, some of the file will be on one disk, and the rest of the file will be on another disk. This makes writing files faster as the data to all of the disks in the strip at the same time. It does not, however, protect the data in the event of a disk failure.

You want to combine storage space from two different hard disks into a single logical storage unit on your Windows computer. Which of the following is the BEST step to perform?

Use dynamic disks and a spanned volume. EXPLANATION To use multiple disks in a single logical storage unit, upgrade all disks to dynamic disks. Create a spanned volume. A simple volume contains storage space from a single disk. Use basic disks to create primary and extended partitions. Partitions cannot include storage space from multiple disks.

Match each disk type on the left with its corresponding description/features on the right. Each disk type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Basic Disks

Use primary and extended partitions. Are supported by all operating systems. Only support volumes made up of contiguous disk space. eXPLANATION Basic disks: Use primary and extended partitions. Are supported by all operating systems. Only support volumes made up of contiguous disk space.

Your computer's hard drive is currently formatted as FAT32, but you want to take advantage of the features offered to NFTS drives. Which of the following steps would MOST likely allow you to do this without losing the existing data?

Use the convert command at a command prompt. EXPLANATION Use the convert command at a command prompt to reformat a drive from FAT32 to NTFS without losing the existing data. Reformatting or deleting a drive deletes all existing data.

You have a hard disk that is formatted with the FAT32 file system. You would like to implement file and folder permissions on the Design folder that apply when files are accessed both locally and remotely. Which of the following BEST describe the next step you need to perform?

Use the convert command to convert from FAT32 to NTFS and then configure NTFS permissions. EXPLANATION In order to implement file and folder permissions, you must convert from FAT32 to NTFS by using the convert command. You can then configure file permissions. Using share permissions secures the folder contents when the file is accessed through the network, but does not control access when files are accessed locally.

Match each storage device type on the left with its description and benefits on the right. Optical Disk

Uses lasers to read and write information stored in the form of pits in their reflective coating. Ideal for music and video. Portable and cheap with a long shelf life. EXPLANATION Optical discs use lasers to read and write information that is stored in the form of pits in their reflective coating. They are ideal for storing and playing music and video. They are portable and cheap and have a long shelf life.

Which of the following conditions would prevent you from using a GUID Partition Table (GPT) when setting up a disk drive?

You're setting up the drive to boot Windows 10 on a computer that uses traditional BIOS. EXPLANATION If you need the drive to boot Windows and the computer uses traditional BIOS (not UEFI), you need to set up the drive with MBR. A GPT drive can: Be basic or dynamic. Set up to boot 64-bit Windows 7 on a UEFI-based computer. Be used to create up to 128 partitions.

You have used your computer for several months without any issues. Recently, you have noticed that when you perform specific actions or open certain files, your computer crashes, and programs sometimes freeze. You suspect that hard disk issues are the cause. Which of the following tools would BEST verify and fix disk errors?

chkdsk EXPLANATION It is likely that the issues described in this question are occurring because there are errors on your hard disk drive. The best option shown is chkdsk. chkdsk can identify and automatically correct file system errors and make sure that you can continue to load and write data from the hard disk. Bootrec (Bootrec.exe) is a Microsoft tool used to update the master boot record code, partition bootsector code, and modify the BCD (boot configuration data). DiskPart is a disk partition utility. format is a command to format a drive. Formatting a drive erases all data on that drive.

Which of the following utilities checks the disk for bad clusters?

chkdsk EXPLANATION Use chkdsk or scandisk to check a disk for bad clusters. Use defrag to defragment the drive. Use fdisk to create partitions, and format to format those partitions.

Which of the following utilities would you use to correct cross-linked clusters within the file system on a Windows workstation?

chkdsk EXPLANATION Use the chkdsk utility to check the disk for errors and repair them. You can use fdisk to create and delete partitions on older versions of Windows. Use attrib to toggle attributes on individual files.

While troubleshooting a Windows workstation, you find that the computer has several cross-linked clusters within the file system. Which of the following utilities would MOST likely fix this issue?

chkdsk EXPLANATION Use the chkdsk utility to check the disk for errors and repair them. You can use fdisk to create and delete partitions on older versions of Windows. Use attrib to toggle attributes on individual files.

You are an IT administrator troubleshooting a computer from within the Windows command prompt. You are trying to execute the chdsk command line tool, but it keeps failing. Which of the following command switches would give you the BEST information or help on how to run this command?

chkdsk /? EXPLANATION Adding the /? switch will display the proper syntax require to run the command. All of the other switches return an error message.

Which of the following Windows command line utilities would you use to realign the file structure on the disk to optimize performance?

defrag EXPLANATION Use the defrag command to place files in contiguous order on the disk, realigning the file structure to optimize performance. Use chkdsk to search the system for lost allocation units and corrupted files. The fdisk utility can be used on older versions of Windows to create and delete partitions. You can use Disk Management to access the properties of a volume and then run the Defragmentation graphical utility from there.

Joseph has started using virtual machines (VMs) to help his software development process. As the number of VMs has increased, Joseph has noticed that his hard drive is almost full. He would like you to buy and connect an external hard drive where additional VMs can be stored. When the drive arrives, you find it has the type of connector shown in image 1. Which type of connector is on the external hard drive?

eSATA EXPLANATION eSATA, or external SATA, allows the use of shielded cables outside of an enclosure. Shielded eSATA cables are available up to two meters in length. eSATA cables are not the same as SATA I cables; they are shielded and have a different connector than the L-shaped design of internal SATA I connectors. This prevents the use of unshielded internal cables in external applications. eSATA uses a point-to-point connection; therefore, each eSATA drive needs to be connected to its own eSATA port.

You want a storage device that has the ability to: Integrate data and device power into a single cable. Use a connector and port that is neither L-shaped nor rectangular. Which of the following SATA devices is the BEST to use?

eSATAp EXPLANATION eSATAp (also known as Power over eSATA or Power eSATA) is meant to replace eSATA. It combines the functionality of eSATA and USB ports with a source of power in a single connector. It integrates data and device power into a single cable, and the connector and port are neither L-shaped nor rectangular. SATA1 is the original SATA standard. It provided 1.5 Gbps (150 MBps) data transfer. SATA2 supports up to 3 Gbps (300 MBps). SATA3 supports up to 6 Gbps (600 MBps). It mainly addresses solid state drives with SATA (hard disk drives are not capable of sending data at this rate). eSATA is a subset of other standards specifically for externally connected devices.

You have physically installed a new hard disk drive in your computer, configured the disk in the BIOS using the CMOS setup program, and partitioned the disk. You try to access the hard disk drive in Windows Explorer, but get an error message. Which utility will you most likely use to solve the problem?

format EXPLANATION After physically installing a hard disk drive, configuring the CMOS, and partitioning the disk, you need to format it with a file system. You can use the format command to format the disk. Use fdisk to create partitions. The chkdsk command is used to scan the surface of a disk and locate bad sectors or other disk problems. The sfc command is used to verify the integrity of your Windows system files.

You have a hard disk that has a single primary partition and has been assigned D: as the drive letter. Which tool would you use to configure the drive to use the FAT32 file system?

format EXPLANATION Use the format command to format the drive with the FAT32 file system. Use the convert command to convert a drive formatted with FAT32 to NTFS. You can use the fdisk command with older versions of Windows to create partitions. Use the chkdsk command to check the disk for lost clusters or cross-linked files. Run msconfig to configure Windows startup options.