Ottomans Quiz (1/2)
Battle of Kosovo (1389)
Battle b/w Serbians and Ottomans Ottomans win Both rulers die Serbia loses its independence
Ottoman dynasty
Dynasty of empire in Turkey/Anatolia Descendents of Osman
Mehmet I
King of Ottoman Empire after Bayezid Overcame brothers and started to rebuild empire Had to fight new wars against the Turkish amirs in Anatolia, the Venetian navy in the Aegean Sea, and Christian ex-vassal in the Balkans Suppressed revolts by popular Sufi leader and Byzantine hostage who claimed to be his lost brother and the true sultan
Lazar of Serbia
King of Serbia Great Christian power Armed force of Serbs, Albanians, Bosnians, Bulgars, and Wallachians (around 50,000 men) to defend his bastion against Ottomans
Iqta
Land Grant
Bayezid II
Son of Mehmet II Conquered Little Brought rival factions into balance Restored lands confiscated by his father to their rightful owners Ended debasement of the currency Sent his troops against Mamluks to take Cilia and against Venice for some of the Aegean islands
Mehmet II (the "Conqueror")
Son of Murad II Lost throne to Christians Regains throne → establishes capital on the European side of the Bosporus Cuts Byzantines from any aid from Christians Laid siege onto walled city of Constantinople Succeeded→ converted to new Ottoman capital
Suleyman the Magnificent
Son of Selim I Had no living brothers to challenge throne Seen as greatest of Ottoman sultans by Turks and Westerners Headed the forces that took Rhodes and Belgrade Defeated the Hungarians Besieged Vienna Took most of the North African coast Drove Portugal's navy from the Red Sea 2x defeated the Safavids Revamped the Ottoman Empire's law and government Delegated too many of his functions to his viziers Convinced by wife to have one of his sons (by another wife) killed so Selim II the Sot would be king
Bey
Title meaning "leader"
Bursa
First capital city in Ottoman Empire
Murad I
Son of Orhan Took many parts of the Balkans (Thrace, Macedonia, Bulgaria)
Orhan
Son of Osman Took over ghazi when Osman died 1st Ottoman to have coins minted in his name Expanded realm northwest to Dardanelles and east to Ankara Laid foundation for the future of Ottoman Empire (See study questions) Political marriage w/Cantacuzene's daughter Established a permanent Ottoman outpost on the European side of Dardanelle Strait
Ghazi
Title taken by Osman meaning "frontier warrior for Islam"
Battle of Nicopolis
Bayezid I Started to besiege Constantinople Interpreted as threat to Christendom→ crusade against Ottomans Christians defeated Ottomans emerged as the master of the Balkans
Bayezid I
New King of Ottoman Empire after Murad I Started to besiege Constantinople Defeats Christian @ battle of Nicopolis Began conquering nearby Turkish principalities in Anatolia Eastward push angered Timur Clashed near Ankara Bayezid defeated and taken prisoner 4 sons take over for him, fight about who is new ruler
Selim I
Son of Bayezid II Transformed the Ottoman Empire from a ghazi state on the western fringe of the Muslim world into the greatest empire since the early caliphate The "Inexorable" Defeated Mamluks Took Jerusalem, Mecca, and Medina Mecca+Medina= Hijaz region
Osman
Son of Ertugrul Passed leadership at Sogut onto him Girded by a Sufi leader with a special sword and commanded to wage jihad against Christian neighbors (Byzantines) Took title of ghazi Descendents known as Ottomans
Millet system
System that gave Monophysite Christians and Jews similar confessional autonomy Live and let live system policy that contrasted sharply with the fanatical bigotry of Christian states at the time
Chaldiran
Where the Ottomans, under Selim I, routed the Safavids with their firearms and highly disciplined soldiers Entered Safavid capital (Tabriz), then withdrew from Azerbaijan
