outliers

What is the 10.000 rule?

10,000 hours of practice is required to achieve the level of mastery associated with being a world-class expert in anything.

What were Bill Joy's opportunities?

B/C he happened to go to UofM he was able to practice on a time-sharing system instead of with punch cards; the UofM system happened to have a bug in it, he could program all he wanted; UofM spent the money to keep the computer center open 24/7 so he could then program all day and night; and bc he was able to put in so many hours

Why Gladwell uses the Roseto story?

Because roseto was a place that lay outside everyday experience, were normal rules didn't apply. They were an outlier

What kind of outliers Gladwell introduces to his book?

Geniuses, business tycoons, rock stars, and software programmers

What does the example of Mozart suggest regarding the fact that his best works were produced when he was older?

He didn't produce his best works until after he was playing for 10 years or 10,000 hours of practice, which means that you don't become a master until you complete the 10,000 hours of practice

What is Erikson's experiment at Berlin's elite Academy of Music?

He divided the schools violinists into 3 groups, The Stars, the good, and unlikely to ever play professional. They were all then asked the same question: over the course of your entire career, ever since you first picked up the violin, how many hours have you practiced? They then recorded the results

Why the majority of Hockey players in Canada are born on the first three months of the year?

In Canada the eligibility cutoff for age-class is Jan 1. A boy who turns ten on Jan 2 could be playing against someone who doesn't turn ten for 12 more months and at age 10, a 12 month gap in age is a huge difference in physical maturity. (the best are those born in the 1st the months due to being oldest and most mature in age group)

Why the richest Americans in the history of the world who were born in 1830' did achieve such wealth?

In the 1860-70s the American economy went through the greatest transformation in history. This was when the railroads were being built and when wall street emerged. It was when all the rules by which the traditional economy had functioned were broken and remade

What is the Mathew effect and accumulative advantage according to Robert Merton?

It is those who are successfulm in other words, who are most likely to be given the kinds of special opportunities that lead to further success

What does the story of Canadian Hockey players suggest regarding their success?

It tells us that our notion that it is the best and the brightest who effortlessly rise to the top is much too simplistic. Yes, the professional are better then me. But they also got a big head start, an opportunity that they neither deserved nor earned. That opportunity played a critical role in their success

Who introduced the 10.000 hours of practice?

K. Anders Ericsson

Who were Bruhn and Wolf and what did they study?

Stewart Wolf was a physician who studied digestion and the stomach and taught medical at UofOklahoma. Bruhn was a sociologist from Oklahoma

What is the importance of cut-off dates?

That initial difference in maturity doesn't go away with time. It persists. And for thousands of students, that initial disadvantage is the difference between going to college and have a real shot at the middle class and not

What do the examples of Bill Joy, Beatles and Bill Gates suggest?

That their skills and success is not based on extraordinary talent but on their extraordinary opportunities

What were their findings and how the scientific community received them?

The magical and mysterious benefits of people stopping to talk to one another on the street and having 3 generations under one roof. No one was used to thinking about health in terms of community the scientific community was skeptical of their findings.

What was Roseto's secret? What wasn't?

The secret was Roseto itself and how the community was the reason for everyone's health. It wasn't diet or exercise or genes or location

What are the commonalities between all sports in the Western world in the way that they are recruiting their stars?

They begin playing at a young age, then there are leagues for every age class, at each level there are players sifted, sorted, and evaluated, with the most talented separated out, by the time the players reach their midteens, the very best of the best have been channeled to the elite league

According to Gladwell, what are the questions we usually ask about the successful?

We want to know what they're like, what kind of personalities they have, or how intelligent they are, or what kind of lifestyles they have, what spexial talents they might have been born with

Is age important in the intellectual and physical abilities of children? According to whom?

Yes, according to Kelly Bedard and Elizabeth Dhuey

Where success in Hockey is attributed according to common sense?

You don't become successful based on connections, but on, individual Merit, players are judged on their own performance, and on the basis of their ability

What does Gladwell investigate in Outliers?

"I want to do for our understanding of success what stewart woilf did for our understanding of health"

What Gladwell wants to convince the readers of his book about success?

Personal explanations of success don't work. People don't rise from nothing

What is the definition of Outlier?

Something that is situated away from or classed differently from a main or related body.