Overview of the Skeleton
Bones with complicated shapes that don't fit into the other bone shape categories Vertebral and coxal bones
What are irregular bones? Give a few examples of flat bones.
A special type of short bone formed in tendons Patellas (Kneecaps)
What are sesamoid bones? Give an example of a sesamoid bone.
Tiny bones between the cranial bones
What are sutural bones?
Support Protection Movement Mineral and growth factor storage Blood cell formation (Hematopoiesis) Triglyceride (fat) storage Hormone production
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Proximal epiphysis
What is indicated by the letter A?
Spongy bone
What is indicated by the letter A?
Compact bone
What is indicated by the letter B?
Diaphysis
What is indicated by the letter B?
Distal epiphysis
What is indicated by the letter C?
Central canal Haversian canal
What is indicated by the letter C? (2 answers)
Articular cartilage
What is indicated by the letter D?
Osteon Haversian system
What is indicated by the letter D? (2 answers)
Circumferential lamellae
What is indicated by the letter E?
Spongy bone
What is indicated by the letter E?
Epiphyseal line
What is indicated by the letter F?
Lamellae
What is indicated by the letter F?
Periosteum
What is indicated by the letter G?
Compact bone
What is indicated by the letter H?
Periosteal blood vessel
What is indicated by the letter H?
Medullary cavity (lined by endosteum)
What is indicated by the letter I?
Endosteum (lining bony canals and covering trabeculae)
What is indicated by the letter J?
Yellow bone marrow
What is indicated by the letter J?
Compact bone
What is indicated by the letter K?
Perforating canal Volkmann's canal
What is indicated by the letter K? (2 answers)
Nerve
What is indicated by the letter L?
Periosteum
What is indicated by the letter L?
Vein
What is indicated by the letter M?
Artery
What is indicated by the letter N?
Osteocyte in a lacuna
What is indicated by the letter P?
Lamellae
What is indicated by the letter Q?
Central canal Haverisan canal
What is indicated by the letter R? (2 answers)
Lacunae
What is indicated by the letter S?
Interstitial lamellae
What is indicated by the letter T?
Lacuna (with osteocyte)
What is indicated by the letter U?
Used for the formation of blood cells Confined to the interior of the epiphysis in adults, it can be found also in the medullary cavities of the bones of infants
What is red marrow used for and where is it located in long bones?
Generally thin, often slightly curved; two wafer-like layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone Sternum, ribs, and bones of the skull
What is the defining characteristic of flat bones? Give a few examples of flat bones.
They are longer than they are wide, composed predominantly of compact bone Bones of the limbs (such as the femur) and phalanges of the hand (bones of the fingers)
What is the defining characteristic of long bones? Give a few examples of long bones.
Cube shaped bones containing more spongy bone than compact bone Tarsals and carpals
What is the defining characteristic of short bones? Give a few examples of short bones.
The bones of the axial skeleton are shown in green to distinguish them from the bones of the appendicular skeleton.
What is the difference between the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton as depicted in this image?
Wormian bones
What it another term for sutural bones?
Bones of the Upper and Lower Limbs; Bones attaching the limbs to the Axial Skeleton
What makes up the appendicular division of the skeletal system?
Skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
What makes up the axial division of the skeletal system?
Stored adipose tissue found in the medullary cavity of long bones
What makes up yellow marrow and where is it located in long bones?
Rounded articular projection (back of the jaw connection)
Describe the following bone marking: Condyle
Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent. (Pelvis)
Describe the following bone marking: Crest
Raised area on or above a condyle (Distal Femur 2nd)
Describe the following bone marking: Epicondyle
Smooth, nearly flat articular surface (Inversions in the head of the rib)
Describe the following bone marking: Facet
Narrow, slitlike opening (In the eye)
Describe the following bone marking: Fissure
Round or oval opening through a bone (Under the eye)
Describe the following bone marking: Foramen
Shallow basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface (Near the back and bottom of the skull).
Describe the following bone marking: Fossa
Furrow (In the majority of the jaw)
Describe the following bone marking: Groove
Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck (Top of the Rib)
Describe the following bone marking: Head
Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest (Femur)
Describe the following bone marking: Line
Canal-like passageway (Small circle in the skull)
Describe the following bone marking: Meatus
Indentation at the edge of a structure (Tip of the jaw near skull)
Describe the following bone marking: Notch
Any bony prominence (Long part of the Vertebrae)
Describe the following bone marking: Process
Armlike bar of bone (Long part of the jaw)
Describe the following bone marking: Ramus
Bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane (Above the nose)
Describe the following bone marking: Sinus
Sharp, slender, often pointed projection (Point on Pelvis)
Describe the following bone marking: Spine
Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (the only examples are on the femur)
Describe the following bone marking: Trochanter
Small rounded projection or process (Distal Femur)
Describe the following bone marking: Tubercle
Large rounded projection; may be roughened (Pelvis)
Describe the following bone marking: Tuberosity
A layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the epiphyseal surface instead of the periosteum
In a long bone, what is the articular cartilage?
The long shaft of the bone
In a long bone, what is the diaphysis?
The inner lining of the shaft
In a long bone, what is the endosteum?
The end of the long bone
In a long bone, what is the epiphysis?
The fibrous membrane covering the outside of the bone
In a long bone, what is the periosteum?
Medullary cavity
In a long bone, what is the term for the central cavity of the shaft?