P & A ch 15 (Motor & Sensory Tracts) Open Book Assignment
Neurons whose cell bodies are locate in the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus are called___order neurons. PP389
Third order neurons
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system destroy the myelin sheaths that insulates the axons of nerves within the CNS (including the brain optic nerves & spinal cord).
True
T or F? All the levels of upper somatic motor control affect the activity of the lower motor neurons.
True
T or F? Axon from the dorsal roots of spinal nerves that enter the spinal cord at or superior to T6 ascend within the cuneatus fascicultus of the posterior (dorsal) columns.
True
T or F? The basal nuclei modify voluntary & reflexive motor pattern at the "subconscious" level.
True
T or F? The complexity of the response to a particular stimulus varies considerably depending on a). where processing occurs b). Where the motor responses is initiated (started)
True
T or F? The corticobular tracts provides provide "conscious" motor control of skeletal muscles. C for C think of Cortiobular and Conscious.
True
T or F? The name of a tract often indicates its origins & destination
True
T or F? The number of synapses varies from one tract to another tract.
True
The "inferior" medulla oblongata control basic respiratory reflexes. I for I Inferior and Inhale.
True
In a somatic motor pathway, the neuron that has a cell body in a CNS processing center is the u__motor neuron. PP 391
Upper motor neuron
The V____tract carries information carries information that controls neck muscle tone, balance, posture & muscle contraction. PP395
Vestibulospinal tract
The region in which you may expect find CNS damage in a person who displays an inability to maintain posture & balance is the V___. PP 396
Vestibulospinal tracts
The motor pathways of the autonomic nervous system control V___effectors (smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands & adipose tissue). PP394
Visceral effectors
All tracts involves both the: a). B___ b). S___C___ PP388
a). Brain b). Spinal cord
The axons of the 1st order neurons enter the CNS through the: a). D__roots of spinal nerves b). S__roots of cranial nerves PP388
a). Dorsal roots of spinal nerves b). Sensory roots of cranial nerves.
Each ascending (sensory) or descending (motor) tract consists of a chain of both: a). N___(nerve cell) b). Associated N___ (clusters of neuron cell bodies within the CNS). PP 388
a). Neurons b). Associated Nuclei
Sensations detected by the receptors of the lateral spinothalamic pathway include: a). P__ b). T__
a). Pain b). Temperature
Tracts within the spinal cord relay ascending (sensory) or descending (motor) information between the: a). P___nervous system b). Higher centers within the C___nervous system PP388
a). Peripheral nervous system b). Central nervous System
the 3 major somatosensory tracts are the: a). Posterior (Dorsal) C___. b). Spino-T___tracts. c).Spino-C___cerebellar tracts. PP 388
a). Posterior (Dorsal) Columns b). Spino-Thalamic tracts c). Spino-Cerebellar tracts.
Correctly pair the following listed nuclei with the tracts to which they provide output. a). Tectum nuclei with the T__Tract. b).Red nuclei with the R___Tract. c)Reticular Formation Nuclei with the medial R__Tract. d). Vestibular Nuclei with the V___Tract. PP391, 397
a). Tectospinal tract. b). Rubrospinal tract. c). Reticulospinal tract. d). Vestibulospinal tract.
A sensory tract ending int he cerebral cortex involves T___ neurons; whereas a sensory tract in the cerebellum involves T___neurons. PP 388
a). Three neurons b). Two neurons.
The tract with in the spinal cord are organized into the following 2 categories: a). Long, ascending (sensory) fibers originating at a sensory R___& ending in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum or brainstem b). Long, descending (motor) fibers originating in the brain & ending in the B___ or spinal cord. PP388
a). sensory receptor b). Brain
Sensory information carried by a tract that synapses in the T___is raised to a conscious level; whereas sensory information carried by a tract that does not synapse within the T___remains at a subconscious level PP388
a).Thalamus B). Thalamus
One of the main reasons damage to the lateral corticospinal tract on the left side of the body does not cause completely cause loss of control of the left side of the body is that ___percent of the voluntary control from the corticospinal tracts is uncrossed in the anterior corticospinal tract. PP396
15 percent
The posterior & anterior spinocerebellar tracts ascend to the cerebellar cortext by way of the inferior C___peduncle. PP394
Cerebellar peduncle
The C___is the area of the brain that coordinates complex motor patterns. PP399
Cerebellum
An upper motor neuron supplying the lateral rectus muscle of the eye would be part of the C___. PP394
Corticobulbar
The spinal tracts that regulate voluntary (conscious) motor control of skeletal muscles on the opposite side of the body are C__. PP394
Corticospinal tract
Along the length of the pyramids, 15 percent of the axons continues along the spinal cord as the anterior C___. PP396
Corticospinal trancts
The C___descending tracts synapse on the lower motor neurons in the motor nuclei of cranial nerves which control eye movements, facial muscles, jaw muscles & some neck & pharynx muscles. PP394
Corticubulbar descending tracts.
The 1st order neuron has its cell body located int he D___R___G___located within the PNS. PP390
Doral Root Ganglion
T or F? in the spinothalamic tract, the axons of the second-order neurons of the anterior spinothalamic tract cross to the opposite side of the spinal cord & carry sensations of pain and temperature.
False In the spinothalamic tract, the axons of the second-order neurons. of the lateral spinothalamic tract cross to the opposite site side of the spinal cord & carry sensation of pain & temperature.
Bot the posterior and anterior spinothalamic tract carries information about "subconscious" proprioception
False. Only the anterior spinothalamic tract carries information about "subconscious" proprioception.
The anterior spinocerebellar tract carries information about crude sensations of touch and pressure.
False. The anterior spinothalamic tracts carries information about crude sensation of touch & pressure.
In the posterior (dorsal) columns, axon from the dorsal roots of spinal nerves that enter the spinal cord inferior to T6 ascend within the fasciculus___PP388
Fasciculs gracile
A motor humuniculus provides an indication of the degree of F__motor control available. PP396
Fine
The H___is the area of the brain which controls sterotyped motor patterns related to eating , drinking & sexual activity PP 399
Hypothalamus
The neuron that relays commands from the central nervous system (CNS) nuclei to the effectors is the L___motor neuron. PP391
Lower motor neuron
Most sensory nerves entering the spinal cord at more inferior levels travel more ___within a sensory tract than sensory nerves entering the spinal cord at a more superior level. PP 390
Medially
The Posterior (Dorsal) Columns which is also called the M___Lemniscus Pathway) carry highly localized information form the skin and musculoskeletal system about proprioceptive, fine-touch, pressure & vibration sensations. PP388
Medical Lemniscus Pathway
The M__(mesenchephalon) & T__functions in controlling reflexes in response to visual & auditory stimuli. PP399
Mesencephalon and Thalamus
Regarding somatic motor control, the P__& & "superior" medullar oblongata control balance reflexes & more-complex respiratory reflexes. PP399
Pons
The posterior (dorsal) column carry highly localized information from sensory receptors. In the skin and musculoskeletal system about P__(limb position); fine touch; pressure & vibration. PP388
Posterior columns
The spinocerebellar pathway carries P__information concerning muscles, tendons & joints to the cerebellum for processing. PP 393
Proprioceptive information
The P___system can be defined as a series of conscious, voluntary motor tracts. PP394
Pyramidal system
The corticospinal tracts that synapse on motor neurons in the anterior gay horn of the spinal cord are visible as they descend along the ventral surface of the medullar as a pair of thick bands called the P___.PP394
Pyramids
The sensory homunculus is a functional map that shows the number os sensory R___representing the regions of the body. PP394
Receptors
The upper motor neurons of the rubrospinal tracts lie within the R___nuclei. PP398
Red nuclei
The R___tract transmits primary information to subconsciously control the muscle tone & movements of distal portions of the upper limbs PP 391
Rubrospinal tract
A neuron that ascends the spinal cord or brain stem & whose cell body is located in the posterior gray horn is called a___order neuron. PP 389
Second order neuron
The information the central nervous system (CNS) receives from a sensory receptor detecting a stimulus, which recognizes a change is called a S___PP388
Sensation
When stimulated, a receptor sends information called S___to the Central nervous system. PP388
Sensation
The lateral & posterior spinothalamic tracts are ascending (sensory) tracts that carry___information regarding pain, temperature, crude touch & pressure). PP394
Sensory information
S___ receptors monitor conditions both inside the body & in the external environment PP388
Sensory recepters
The S__tract (also termed the anterolateral system)carries sensations of pain, temperature plus the crude sensations of touch & pressure. PP394
Spino thalamic tract
The posterior S___tract carries axon from sensory neurons that do not cross over to the opposite side of the spinal cord. PP389
Spinocerebellar tract.
The S___tracts (anterior & posterior) carries proprioceptive information concerning the position of muscles, tendons & joints to the cerebellum. PP393
Spinocerebellar tracts
The T__tracts are the regions responsible for the "startle response" in which reflexive changes in the position of the head, neck & upper limbs occur in response to bright lights, sudden movements or loud noises. PP396
Tectospinal tracts
Regarding the posterior columns, our perception of a given sensation as touch (rather than as temperature or pain) depends on processing in the T____. PP388
Thalamus
Sensory information in the posterior (dorsal) columns is integrated by the ventral postcrolateral (VPL) nucleus of the T___.PP
Thalamus
