P & A ch 15 (Motor & Sensory Tracts) Open Book Assignment

Neurons whose cell bodies are locate in the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus are called___order neurons. PP389

Third order neurons

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system destroy the myelin sheaths that insulates the axons of nerves within the CNS (including the brain optic nerves & spinal cord).

True

T or F? All the levels of upper somatic motor control affect the activity of the lower motor neurons.

True

T or F? Axon from the dorsal roots of spinal nerves that enter the spinal cord at or superior to T6 ascend within the cuneatus fascicultus of the posterior (dorsal) columns.

True

T or F? The basal nuclei modify voluntary & reflexive motor pattern at the "subconscious" level.

True

T or F? The complexity of the response to a particular stimulus varies considerably depending on a). where processing occurs b). Where the motor responses is initiated (started)

True

T or F? The corticobular tracts provides provide "conscious" motor control of skeletal muscles. C for C think of Cortiobular and Conscious.

True

T or F? The name of a tract often indicates its origins & destination

True

T or F? The number of synapses varies from one tract to another tract.

True

The "inferior" medulla oblongata control basic respiratory reflexes. I for I Inferior and Inhale.

True

In a somatic motor pathway, the neuron that has a cell body in a CNS processing center is the u__motor neuron. PP 391

Upper motor neuron

The V____tract carries information carries information that controls neck muscle tone, balance, posture & muscle contraction. PP395

Vestibulospinal tract

The region in which you may expect find CNS damage in a person who displays an inability to maintain posture & balance is the V___. PP 396

Vestibulospinal tracts

The motor pathways of the autonomic nervous system control V___effectors (smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands & adipose tissue). PP394

Visceral effectors

All tracts involves both the: a). B___ b). S___C___ PP388

a). Brain b). Spinal cord

The axons of the 1st order neurons enter the CNS through the: a). D__roots of spinal nerves b). S__roots of cranial nerves PP388

a). Dorsal roots of spinal nerves b). Sensory roots of cranial nerves.

Each ascending (sensory) or descending (motor) tract consists of a chain of both: a). N___(nerve cell) b). Associated N___ (clusters of neuron cell bodies within the CNS). PP 388

a). Neurons b). Associated Nuclei

Sensations detected by the receptors of the lateral spinothalamic pathway include: a). P__ b). T__

a). Pain b). Temperature

Tracts within the spinal cord relay ascending (sensory) or descending (motor) information between the: a). P___nervous system b). Higher centers within the C___nervous system PP388

a). Peripheral nervous system b). Central nervous System

the 3 major somatosensory tracts are the: a). Posterior (Dorsal) C___. b). Spino-T___tracts. c).Spino-C___cerebellar tracts. PP 388

a). Posterior (Dorsal) Columns b). Spino-Thalamic tracts c). Spino-Cerebellar tracts.

Correctly pair the following listed nuclei with the tracts to which they provide output. a). Tectum nuclei with the T__Tract. b).Red nuclei with the R___Tract. c)Reticular Formation Nuclei with the medial R__Tract. d). Vestibular Nuclei with the V___Tract. PP391, 397

a). Tectospinal tract. b). Rubrospinal tract. c). Reticulospinal tract. d). Vestibulospinal tract.

A sensory tract ending int he cerebral cortex involves T___ neurons; whereas a sensory tract in the cerebellum involves T___neurons. PP 388

a). Three neurons b). Two neurons.

The tract with in the spinal cord are organized into the following 2 categories: a). Long, ascending (sensory) fibers originating at a sensory R___& ending in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum or brainstem b). Long, descending (motor) fibers originating in the brain & ending in the B___ or spinal cord. PP388

a). sensory receptor b). Brain

Sensory information carried by a tract that synapses in the T___is raised to a conscious level; whereas sensory information carried by a tract that does not synapse within the T___remains at a subconscious level PP388

a).Thalamus B). Thalamus

One of the main reasons damage to the lateral corticospinal tract on the left side of the body does not cause completely cause loss of control of the left side of the body is that ___percent of the voluntary control from the corticospinal tracts is uncrossed in the anterior corticospinal tract. PP396

15 percent

The posterior & anterior spinocerebellar tracts ascend to the cerebellar cortext by way of the inferior C___peduncle. PP394

Cerebellar peduncle

The C___is the area of the brain that coordinates complex motor patterns. PP399

Cerebellum

An upper motor neuron supplying the lateral rectus muscle of the eye would be part of the C___. PP394

Corticobulbar

The spinal tracts that regulate voluntary (conscious) motor control of skeletal muscles on the opposite side of the body are C__. PP394

Corticospinal tract

Along the length of the pyramids, 15 percent of the axons continues along the spinal cord as the anterior C___. PP396

Corticospinal trancts

The C___descending tracts synapse on the lower motor neurons in the motor nuclei of cranial nerves which control eye movements, facial muscles, jaw muscles & some neck & pharynx muscles. PP394

Corticubulbar descending tracts.

The 1st order neuron has its cell body located int he D___R___G___located within the PNS. PP390

Doral Root Ganglion

T or F? in the spinothalamic tract, the axons of the second-order neurons of the anterior spinothalamic tract cross to the opposite side of the spinal cord & carry sensations of pain and temperature.

False In the spinothalamic tract, the axons of the second-order neurons. of the lateral spinothalamic tract cross to the opposite site side of the spinal cord & carry sensation of pain & temperature.

Bot the posterior and anterior spinothalamic tract carries information about "subconscious" proprioception

False. Only the anterior spinothalamic tract carries information about "subconscious" proprioception.

The anterior spinocerebellar tract carries information about crude sensations of touch and pressure.

False. The anterior spinothalamic tracts carries information about crude sensation of touch & pressure.

In the posterior (dorsal) columns, axon from the dorsal roots of spinal nerves that enter the spinal cord inferior to T6 ascend within the fasciculus___PP388

Fasciculs gracile

A motor humuniculus provides an indication of the degree of F__motor control available. PP396

Fine

The H___is the area of the brain which controls sterotyped motor patterns related to eating , drinking & sexual activity PP 399

Hypothalamus

The neuron that relays commands from the central nervous system (CNS) nuclei to the effectors is the L___motor neuron. PP391

Lower motor neuron

Most sensory nerves entering the spinal cord at more inferior levels travel more ___within a sensory tract than sensory nerves entering the spinal cord at a more superior level. PP 390

Medially

The Posterior (Dorsal) Columns which is also called the M___Lemniscus Pathway) carry highly localized information form the skin and musculoskeletal system about proprioceptive, fine-touch, pressure & vibration sensations. PP388

Medical Lemniscus Pathway

The M__(mesenchephalon) & T__functions in controlling reflexes in response to visual & auditory stimuli. PP399

Mesencephalon and Thalamus

Regarding somatic motor control, the P__& & "superior" medullar oblongata control balance reflexes & more-complex respiratory reflexes. PP399

Pons

The posterior (dorsal) column carry highly localized information from sensory receptors. In the skin and musculoskeletal system about P__(limb position); fine touch; pressure & vibration. PP388

Posterior columns

The spinocerebellar pathway carries P__information concerning muscles, tendons & joints to the cerebellum for processing. PP 393

Proprioceptive information

The P___system can be defined as a series of conscious, voluntary motor tracts. PP394

Pyramidal system

The corticospinal tracts that synapse on motor neurons in the anterior gay horn of the spinal cord are visible as they descend along the ventral surface of the medullar as a pair of thick bands called the P___.PP394

Pyramids

The sensory homunculus is a functional map that shows the number os sensory R___representing the regions of the body. PP394

Receptors

The upper motor neurons of the rubrospinal tracts lie within the R___nuclei. PP398

Red nuclei

The R___tract transmits primary information to subconsciously control the muscle tone & movements of distal portions of the upper limbs PP 391

Rubrospinal tract

A neuron that ascends the spinal cord or brain stem & whose cell body is located in the posterior gray horn is called a___order neuron. PP 389

Second order neuron

The information the central nervous system (CNS) receives from a sensory receptor detecting a stimulus, which recognizes a change is called a S___PP388

Sensation

When stimulated, a receptor sends information called S___to the Central nervous system. PP388

Sensation

The lateral & posterior spinothalamic tracts are ascending (sensory) tracts that carry___information regarding pain, temperature, crude touch & pressure). PP394

Sensory information

S___ receptors monitor conditions both inside the body & in the external environment PP388

Sensory recepters

The S__tract (also termed the anterolateral system)carries sensations of pain, temperature plus the crude sensations of touch & pressure. PP394

Spino thalamic tract

The posterior S___tract carries axon from sensory neurons that do not cross over to the opposite side of the spinal cord. PP389

Spinocerebellar tract.

The S___tracts (anterior & posterior) carries proprioceptive information concerning the position of muscles, tendons & joints to the cerebellum. PP393

Spinocerebellar tracts

The T__tracts are the regions responsible for the "startle response" in which reflexive changes in the position of the head, neck & upper limbs occur in response to bright lights, sudden movements or loud noises. PP396

Tectospinal tracts

Regarding the posterior columns, our perception of a given sensation as touch (rather than as temperature or pain) depends on processing in the T____. PP388

Thalamus

Sensory information in the posterior (dorsal) columns is integrated by the ventral postcrolateral (VPL) nucleus of the T___.PP

Thalamus