PATHO 370 QUIZ 4
A patient being treated for acute tubular necrosis (ATN) develops mild polyuria. The nurse responds to questions about why this occurring by stating
"His renal tubules are recovering, so he is making more urine, but he is not able to concentrate urine well, because he is not fully recovered."
A patient, age 3, has vesicoureteral reflux. "Why does that make him have so many bladder infections?" asks his mother. The nurse's best response is
"When he urinates, urine runs back toward his kidneys and then into the bladder again, making it easy for bacteria to grow if they reach the bladder."
A patient injured severely in a motor vehicle accident is hospitalized with acute kidney injury as well as multiple broken bones and lacerations. When family members ask what is meant by the term 'prerenal,' the nurse responds
"Your husband's kidney injury did not start in the kidney itself, but rather in the blood flow to the kidney."
The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11- to 12-year-old girls, but can be administered to girls as young as _____ years of age.
9
The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is
Escherichia coli.
Hypotension is both a cause of chronic kidney disease and a result of chronic kidney disease.
False
The majority of penile cancer cases are classified as basal cell carcinoma.
False
Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause
Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause
Cervical cancer can be detected in the early, curable stage by the ________ test.
Papanicolaou
Which condition is caused by a genetic defect?
Polycystic kidney disease
The pathology report for a patient with penile cancer has this statement: The tumor involves the shaft of the penis. The cancer is at what stage?
Stage II
Erection requires the release of nitrous oxide into the corpus cavernosum during sexual stimulation.
True
Infection can lead to bladder stone formation.
True
The best intervention for acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevention.
True
The prognosis of penile carcinoma depends upon the stage of the disease.
True
What problem is a patient likely to experience in end-stage renal disease?
Uremia
The risk for contrast media-induced acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is highest in
a 70-year-old patient with heart failure.
A ureterocele is
a cystic dilation of a ureter.
Anemia in people who have end-stage chronic renal disease is caused by
decreased secretion of erythropoietin.
A potential risk factor for breast cancer includes
early menarche and late first pregnancy.
Endometriosis is a condition in which
ectopic endometrial tissue is present.
The patient most at risk for postrenal acute kidney injury is a(n)
elderly patient with hypertrophy of the prostate.
A patient diagnosed with a micropenis must be evaluated for
endocrine disorders.
A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience
fever.
Appropriate therapy for prerenal kidney injury includes
fluid administration.
A patient who has difficulty walking without assistance is incontinent of urine when help doesn't get to her quickly enough. The term for this type of incontinence is
functional.
It is true that polycystic kidney disease is
genetically transmitted.
In addition to renal colic pain, signs or symptoms of ureteral stones may frequently include
hematuria.
The most frequent initial symptom of bladder cancer is
hematuria.
Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because
hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids.
The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is
hydronephrosis.
Excessive vomiting in pregnant women is known as
hyperemesis gravidarum.
The condition associated with end-stage chronic renal disease that is the most immediately life threatening is
hyperkalemia.
Osteoporosis commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease because of
hyperparathyroidism.
One of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease is
hypertension.
The major cause of glomerulonephritis is
immune system damage to the glomeruli.
Phimosis is a disorder of the penis characterized by
inability to retract the foreskin.
A primary laboratory finding in end-stage chronic renal disease is
increased serum creatinine.
A change occurring in a pregnant woman that is indicative of a potential disorder is
increased urinary protein.
The most common direct cause of acute pyelonephritis is
infection by E. coli.
At his most recent clinic visit, a patient with end-stage renal disease is noted to have edema, congestive signs in the pulmonary system, and a pericardial friction rub. Appropriate therapy at this time would include
initiation of dialysis
The most likely cause of anemia in a patient with end-stage renal disease is
insufficient erythropoietin.
The most likely cause of acidosis in a patient with end-stage renal disease is
insufficient metabolic acid excretion resulting from nephron loss.
The patient reports persistent pelvic pain and urinary frequency and urgency. She says the pain improves when she empties her bladder. She does not have a fever and her repeated urinalyses over the past months have been normal, although she has a history of frequent bladder infections. She also has a history of fibromyalgia and hypothyroidism. Based on her history and complaints, her symptoms are characteristic of
interstitial cystitis.
The expected treatment of a pregnant woman with hyperemesis gravidarum is
intravenous therapy.
The difference between stress incontinence and urge incontinence is that stress incontinence
is caused by a pelvic floor muscle problem, whereas urge incontinence is caused by a problem with the detrusor muscle.
One of the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is
ischemic conditions.
The most common types of uterine tumors are known as
leiomyomas.
The normal post-void residual urine in the bladder is
less than 100 mL.
It is true that fibrocystic breast disease
may be exacerbated by methylxanthines.
The pain that accompanies kidney disorders is called
nephralgia.
Glomerular disorders include
nephrotic syndrome
The disorder characterized by a neurologic lesion that affects bladder control is
neurogenic bladder.
The defining characteristic of severe acute kidney injury is
oliguria.
Urinary retention with consistent or intermittent dribbling of urine is called
overflow incontinence.
A person is unaware that his bladder is full of urine, but complains that he is leaking urine almost constantly. The most accurate term for this type of incontinence is
overflow.
The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is
pain.
The direct cause of stress incontinence is
pelvic muscle weakness.
One cause of an extrinsic renal system obstruction is
pelvic tumor.
Treatment of a uterine prolapse may involve the insertion of a(n) ________ to hold the uterus in place.
pessary.
Sexual impotence is rarely because of
primary causes.
A progressive decrease in the force of the urinary stream, dribbling of urine, and difficulty initiating the urinary stream are characteristic of
prostatic enlargement.
Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of ________ in the urine.
protein
Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include
proteinuria.
A 52-year-old female had a surgical procedure in which the breast, lymphatics, and underlying muscle were removed. The procedure performed was a
radical mastectomy.
Vesicoureteral reflux is associated with
recurrent cystitis.
The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is
renal colic.
Prerenal acute kidney injury may be caused by
severe hypotension.
The greatest risk factor for bladder cancer is
smoking.
The urea-splitting bacteria contribute to the formation of ________ kidney stones.
struvite
Sudden, severe testicular pain is indicative of
testicular torsion.
When a patient experiencing nephrotic syndrome asks, "What causes my urine to be so full of protein," the nurse's response is based on the knowledge that
the glomerular membrane has increased permeability.
Individuals with end-stage chronic renal disease are at risk for renal osteodystrophy and spontaneous bone fractures, because
they are deficient in active vitamin D.
The infection frequently associated with development of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis is
throat infection.
The most common cause of intrinsic kidney injury is _____ injury.
tubular
The most commonly ordered diagnostic test for evaluation of the urinary system is
ultrasonography.
Pelvic floor muscle training is appropriate for
urge incontinence.
A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to be
uric acid crystals.
What reproductive tract disorder is most likely to be associated with urinary stress incontinence?
Cystocele
A patient with renal disease is at risk for developing uremia as the nephrons progressively deteriorate, because
GFR declines.
In patients with polycystic kidney disease, renal failure is expected to progress over time as the cystic process destroys more nephrons. At what point will a patient reach end-stage renal disease?
Greater than 90% nephron loss
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is caused by
absent or diminished levels of progesterone.
The condition characterized by oliguria and hematuria is
acute glomerulonephritis.
A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing hypoalbuminemia. This happens because
albumin is excreted in the urine.
The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is
an immune complex reaction.
Scrotal pain in males and labial pain in females may accompany renal pain as a result of
associated dermatomes.
Cryptorchidism is
associated with an increased incidence of testicular cancer.
Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by
bilateral kidney stones.
Detrusor muscle overactivity can be improved by administration of
botulinum toxin.
A common component of renal calculi is
calcium.
The most common type of renal stone is
calcium.
Uterine prolapse is caused by a relaxation of the
cardinal ligaments.
