Patho chapter 9 study guide
What are the names and descriptions of five major types of fractures?
1. Closed simple fracture- a break or crack in the bone. 2. Open or compound fracture- a break in the bone which there is an open wound leading down to the site of the fracture or a piece of broken bone protrudes the skin. 3. Comminuted fracture- a break in which the bone is broken or splintered into pieces. 4. Impacted partial fracture- a break in which the fraction line does not include the whole bone. 5. Green stick fracture- break in the bone is partially bent and split.
With proper treatment, what is the approximate healing time for a strain or sprain?
2 to 4 weeks
What is myasthenia gravis?
A chronic, progressive neuromuscular disease
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
A syndrome that compresses the median nerve in the wrist
What steps can be taken to prevent carpal tunnel syndrome?
Adjusting a keyboard so the wrists do not bend sharply, positioned in a chair where both feet are on the ground, making sure to avoid repetitive movements of the wrists or hands, and use wrists rests at computer keyboards.
The terms tennis elbow, housemaids knee, and weavers bottom refers to what kind of alignment?
Bursitis
____ is coins only in the heart and is a combination of smooth and skeletal muscle.
Cardiac muscle.
How might fibromyalgia be described?
Condition accompanied by pain, fatigue, and inability to sleep well.
What is the treatment of choice to control systemic lupus erythematous symptoms?
Corticosteroid drugs
Crackling sound due to the grafting of bones
Crepitation
Measures bone density
DEXA
A ___ is when a bone separates from a joint.
Dislocation.
What disease is identified with uric acid metabolism and tophi?
Gout
A tear or stress on the tendon or fibrous tissue connecting posterior thigh muscles to bone is likely called what?
Hamstring pull or strain
Ruptured or slipped disk
Herniated intervertebral disk
Outward curvature angulation of spine, round back
Kyphosis
___ is the outward curve of the upper thoracic vertebrae.
Kyphosis
___ is the inward curve of the lumbar or lower spine.
Lordosis
inward curvature of the spine; swayback
Lordosis
What kind of therapy might be beneficial for those afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis?
Occupational therapy to help with daily activities
Often caused by trauma and staphylococcus infection
Osteomyelitis
Bones become brittle and porous; fracture easily
Osteoporosis
Sensation of numbness, prickling, or tingling
Paraesthesia
Inhibits conduction of nerve impulse from spinal cord to brain
Pinched nerve
Can you name the chronic disease of the connective tissue characterized by edema, inflammation, and degeneration of skeletal muscle?
Polymyositis
Intermittent interruptions of blood supply to the fingers and toes
Raynaud phenomenon
Spinal fusion with bone grafts and metal rods may be necessary
Scoliosis
___ is the sideward curve of the spine.
Scoliosis
___ is attached to the skeleton and it's movement is consciously controlled, also called voluntary muscle.
Skeletal muscle.
____ is found under the wall of the organs and it's function is not consciously controlled, also called involuntary or visceral muscle.
Smooth muscle
A ____ is the tearing or stretching of a ligament surrounding a joint.
Sprain
A____ is the tearing or overstretching of a tendon or muscle.
Strain.
A___ is a partial dislocation.
Subluxation
Bursitis of the olecranon
Tennis elbow
Urate crystal deposits
Tophi
Immobility of a joint
ankylosis
What are the three main neoplasms of the musculoskeletal system?
osteogenic sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, malignant giant cell tumor
Sideward curvature of the spine
scoliosis
