Patho chapter 9 study guide

What are the names and descriptions of five major types of fractures?

1. Closed simple fracture- a break or crack in the bone. 2. Open or compound fracture- a break in the bone which there is an open wound leading down to the site of the fracture or a piece of broken bone protrudes the skin. 3. Comminuted fracture- a break in which the bone is broken or splintered into pieces. 4. Impacted partial fracture- a break in which the fraction line does not include the whole bone. 5. Green stick fracture- break in the bone is partially bent and split.

With proper treatment, what is the approximate healing time for a strain or sprain?

2 to 4 weeks

What is myasthenia gravis?

A chronic, progressive neuromuscular disease

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A syndrome that compresses the median nerve in the wrist

What steps can be taken to prevent carpal tunnel syndrome?

Adjusting a keyboard so the wrists do not bend sharply, positioned in a chair where both feet are on the ground, making sure to avoid repetitive movements of the wrists or hands, and use wrists rests at computer keyboards.

The terms tennis elbow, housemaids knee, and weavers bottom refers to what kind of alignment?

Bursitis

____ is coins only in the heart and is a combination of smooth and skeletal muscle.

Cardiac muscle.

How might fibromyalgia be described?

Condition accompanied by pain, fatigue, and inability to sleep well.

What is the treatment of choice to control systemic lupus erythematous symptoms?

Corticosteroid drugs

Crackling sound due to the grafting of bones

Crepitation

Measures bone density

DEXA

A ___ is when a bone separates from a joint.

Dislocation.

What disease is identified with uric acid metabolism and tophi?

Gout

A tear or stress on the tendon or fibrous tissue connecting posterior thigh muscles to bone is likely called what?

Hamstring pull or strain

Ruptured or slipped disk

Herniated intervertebral disk

Outward curvature angulation of spine, round back

Kyphosis

___ is the outward curve of the upper thoracic vertebrae.

Kyphosis

___ is the inward curve of the lumbar or lower spine.

Lordosis

inward curvature of the spine; swayback

Lordosis

What kind of therapy might be beneficial for those afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis?

Occupational therapy to help with daily activities

Often caused by trauma and staphylococcus infection

Osteomyelitis

Bones become brittle and porous; fracture easily

Osteoporosis

Sensation of numbness, prickling, or tingling

Paraesthesia

Inhibits conduction of nerve impulse from spinal cord to brain

Pinched nerve

Can you name the chronic disease of the connective tissue characterized by edema, inflammation, and degeneration of skeletal muscle?

Polymyositis

Intermittent interruptions of blood supply to the fingers and toes

Raynaud phenomenon

Spinal fusion with bone grafts and metal rods may be necessary

Scoliosis

___ is the sideward curve of the spine.

Scoliosis

___ is attached to the skeleton and it's movement is consciously controlled, also called voluntary muscle.

Skeletal muscle.

____ is found under the wall of the organs and it's function is not consciously controlled, also called involuntary or visceral muscle.

Smooth muscle

A ____ is the tearing or stretching of a ligament surrounding a joint.

Sprain

A____ is the tearing or overstretching of a tendon or muscle.

Strain.

A___ is a partial dislocation.

Subluxation

Bursitis of the olecranon

Tennis elbow

Urate crystal deposits

Tophi

Immobility of a joint

ankylosis

What are the three main neoplasms of the musculoskeletal system?

osteogenic sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, malignant giant cell tumor

Sideward curvature of the spine

scoliosis