chapter 16
Two of the Gilded Age's leading business figures were:
Thomas A. Scott and Andrew Carnegie.
In 1869, President Ulysses S. Grant announced a new "peace policy" in the West.
True
The 1887 Dawes Act:
led to the loss of tribal lands and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions.
Which census revealed for the first time that there were more non-farming jobs than farming jobs in the United States?
1880
Between 1870 in 1920, how many immigrants arrived from overseas?
25 million
The phrase that best captures the vision of the Knights of Labor is:
?0ÒCooperative commonwealth.?1Ó
According to Social Darwinism, government should seek to help the poor, and build an activist state to regulate the nation's corporations.
False
American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective, executive leadership.
False
At the Battle of Little Big Horn, General George Armstrong Custer's troops were victorious.
False
During the two decades following the Civil War, which were known as the golden age of the cattle kingdom, cowboys were highly paid.
False
Ida Tarbell authored the famous novel House of Mirth, which depicted the downfall of a young woman trying to ?0Òmarry up?1Ó in society.
False
The Democrats were the party of big government; the Republicans were the party of laissez-faire.
False
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which banned combinations and practices that restrain free trade, proved an immediate success, both for its clarity of language and ease of enforcement.
False
The Social Gospel movement concentrated on attacking individual sins such as drinking and Sabbath-breaking and saw nothing immoral about the pursuit of riches.
False
The West was a remarkably homogeneous region—only in the twentieth century would it become ethnically diverse.
False
With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from industrial America.
False
Yale professor William Graham Sumner believed that America could achieve its ideals only with fair, progressive taxation.
False
Which of the following can be associated with the death of the Knights of Labor?
Haymarket Square
Which of the following was not a major reason for the decline and subjugation of the American Indian?
Indifference to the advantages of guns and horses weakened Indian resistance to U.S. military power.
Which of the following was John D. Rockefeller's company?
Standard Oil Company
The first federal agency intended to regulate economic activity, and ensure that railroad rates were reasonable, and favoritism was avoided was:
The Interstate Commerce Commission.
"Vertical integration" is defined as one company controlling every phase of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution.
True
A significant amount of Mexican-era landholdings were made available for sale because United States courts only recognized land titles to individual plots of land.
True
By the 1880s, the labor situation was such that Texas cowboys even went on strike for higher pay.
True
By the early 1890s, a pension system for Union soldiers, their widows, and children consumed more than 40 percent of the federal budget.
True
During the second industrial revolution, wage labor became America's leading source of livelihood.
True
Following the Civil War, generals like Philip H. Sheridan set out to destroy the foundations of the American Indian economy.
True
In the late 1800s, California tried to attract immigrants by advertising its pleasant climate and the availability of land, although large-scale corporate farms were coming to dominate the state's agriculture.
True
Inspired in part by President Garfield's assassination by a disappointed office seeker, the Civil Service Act of 1883 created a merit system for federal employees.
True
Neither of the two main political parties embraced any serious federal program to cushion citizens from poverty or unemployment.
True
On December 29, 1890, soldiers killed between 150 and 200 American Indians, mostly women and children, near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota.
True
The Civil Service Act of 1883 marked the first step in establishing a professional civil service and removing officeholding from the hands of political machines.
True
The Electricity Building at the Chicago World's Fair of 1893 astonished visitors and illustrated how electricity was changing the visual landscape.
True
The Haymarket Affair resulted in the hanging of four convicted anarchists.
True
The Knights of Labor regarded inequalities of wealth and power as a growing threat to American democracy.
True
The extermination of the North American bison (buffalo) drastically undermined the livelihood of the Plains Indians.
True
The most famous American Indian victory in American history took place in June 1876 when General George A. Custer and his 250 men perished.
True
The term "Lochnerism" derived from the 1905 Supreme Court decision Lochner v. New York, in which the Court voided the state's law establishing a ten-hour day maximum for bakers.
True
Wage reductions were commonplace during economic downturns.
True
Which of the following best describes the ?0ÒGhost Dance?1Ó?
feared by U.S. Army officials
By 1913, the United States produced how much of the world's industrial output?
one-third
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the years from 1873 to 1897 were known as:
the Great Depression.
The industrial revolution in the United States took place principally in:
the Northeast and the Midwest.
In 1890, the distribution of wealth in the United States was:
the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent