Chapter 8 assessmets

What are the six types of synovial joints

1. ball-and-socket joint 2. ellipsoidal joint 3. gliding joints 4.hinge joints 5. pivot joints 6.saddle joint

what is the movements permitted by each type of synovial joint

1. movements in all planes, including rotation 2. Variety of movements in different planes, but no rotation 3.Sliding or twisting 4. Flexion and extension 5.Rotation 6. Variety of movements, mainly in two planes

What is an example for each synovial joint

1.hip or shoulder 2. between metacarpals and phalanges 3. bones of wrist and ankle 4.elbow 5.promimal ends of radius and ulna 6. joint between carpals and metacarpals of thumb

Name a example of a gomphosis

A tooth

functions of a joint includes:

Binding skeletal parts allowing for bone growth permitting the skeleton to change shape during child birth enabling movement in response to skeletal muscle contractions

Describe a gomphosis.

Is a joint formed by the union of a cone shaped bony process in a bony socket.

adduction

Moving a part toward the midline

supination

Rotation of the forearm so the palm is upward facing anteriorly

Compare the structures of s synchondrosis and a symphysis

Synchondrosis : bands of hyaline cartilage unite the bones. Many of the joints are temporary structures that disappear during growth Symphysis: covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage, and the cartilage is attached to a pad of springy fibrocartilage.

A _______________ is a fibrous joint with bones bound by long connective tissue fibers, whereas a ____________ is a fibrous joint where flat bones are united by a thin layer of connective tissues

Syndesmosis; Sutures

Explain how the joints between vertebrae permit movement

They are amphiathoric joints because these joints allow slight movements. such as forward and backward.

eversion

Turning the foot so the plantar surface faces laterally

flexion

bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together

Describe how a joint capsule may be reinforced

bundles of strong, tough collagenous fibers called ligaments

Explain the function of synovial fluid

contains stem cell, Which may function in ligament regeneration following injuries

bursa

fluid filled sacs

Describe how joints are classified:

immovable, slightly moveable, freely moveable

depression

lowering a part

rotation

moving a part around an axis

abduction

moving a part away from the midline

protraction

moving a part forward

extension

moving parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts more farther apart

pronation

rotation of the forearm so the palm is downward or facing posteriorly

meniscus

some synovial joints are partially or completely divided into to compartments by disc of fibrocartilage

Explain the function of a synovial membrane

surrounds a closed sac called the synovial cavity into which the membrane secretes a clear viscous fluid.