Chapter 8 assessmets
What are the six types of synovial joints
1. ball-and-socket joint 2. ellipsoidal joint 3. gliding joints 4.hinge joints 5. pivot joints 6.saddle joint
what is the movements permitted by each type of synovial joint
1. movements in all planes, including rotation 2. Variety of movements in different planes, but no rotation 3.Sliding or twisting 4. Flexion and extension 5.Rotation 6. Variety of movements, mainly in two planes
What is an example for each synovial joint
1.hip or shoulder 2. between metacarpals and phalanges 3. bones of wrist and ankle 4.elbow 5.promimal ends of radius and ulna 6. joint between carpals and metacarpals of thumb
Name a example of a gomphosis
A tooth
functions of a joint includes:
Binding skeletal parts allowing for bone growth permitting the skeleton to change shape during child birth enabling movement in response to skeletal muscle contractions
Describe a gomphosis.
Is a joint formed by the union of a cone shaped bony process in a bony socket.
adduction
Moving a part toward the midline
supination
Rotation of the forearm so the palm is upward facing anteriorly
Compare the structures of s synchondrosis and a symphysis
Synchondrosis : bands of hyaline cartilage unite the bones. Many of the joints are temporary structures that disappear during growth Symphysis: covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage, and the cartilage is attached to a pad of springy fibrocartilage.
A _______________ is a fibrous joint with bones bound by long connective tissue fibers, whereas a ____________ is a fibrous joint where flat bones are united by a thin layer of connective tissues
Syndesmosis; Sutures
Explain how the joints between vertebrae permit movement
They are amphiathoric joints because these joints allow slight movements. such as forward and backward.
eversion
Turning the foot so the plantar surface faces laterally
flexion
bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together
Describe how a joint capsule may be reinforced
bundles of strong, tough collagenous fibers called ligaments
Explain the function of synovial fluid
contains stem cell, Which may function in ligament regeneration following injuries
bursa
fluid filled sacs
Describe how joints are classified:
immovable, slightly moveable, freely moveable
depression
lowering a part
rotation
moving a part around an axis
abduction
moving a part away from the midline
protraction
moving a part forward
extension
moving parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts more farther apart
pronation
rotation of the forearm so the palm is downward or facing posteriorly
meniscus
some synovial joints are partially or completely divided into to compartments by disc of fibrocartilage
Explain the function of a synovial membrane
surrounds a closed sac called the synovial cavity into which the membrane secretes a clear viscous fluid.