patho exam 2 homework
A patient reports flank pain and painful urination. On assessment, the nurse finds that the patient has a high fever. The nurse should notify the provider because the patient has symptoms of which condition?
Pyelonephritis
The nurse is teaching a patient who has been prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. Which statement from the patient indicates a correct understanding of the teaching?
"I will take the dose only in the morning."
A construction worker presents to the emergency department with severe dehydration after working outside in 105-degree weather all day. Which intravenous solution should the nurse expect to administer?
0.45% sodium chloride
A patient who has vomiting and diarrhea is ordered an isotonic intravenous fluid. Which intravenous fluid should the nurse prepare to administer?
0.9% sodium chloride
The healthcare provider orders furosemide 20 mg administered intravenously twice daily. The medication available is furosemide 10 mg/mL. How many milliliters should the nurse administer with each dose?
2mL
Based on the condition of the patient, a hypertonic fluid is needed. Which intravenous fluid is most likely to be ordered by the provider?
3% sodium chloride
Which patient should the nurse monitor closely for respiratory alkalosis?
A patient who is hyperventilating
Which action should the nurse take when caring for a patient receiving triamterene?
Assess potassium levels
A patient has been taking sulfonamides long term. The nurse assesses the patient and finds bruises on the legs and arms. What is the nurse's best action?
Assess the patient's platelet counts.
A patient is being treated for syphilis. Which drug would the nurse anticipate to be prescribed?
Benzathine penicillin G
Oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) is prescribed for a patient and is being administered four times a day. Which intervention is appropriate?
Call the health care provider.
When the nurse teaches high school students about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), which infection will the nurse identify as the most common STD?
Chlamydia
An 18-year-old female patient presents to the clinic to obtain an oral contraceptive. The nurse knows she should also be screened for which bacterial sexually transmitted disease (STD)?
Chlamydia trachomatis infection
The nurse should monitor for which adverse effect after administering hydrochlorothiazide and digoxin to a patient?
Digoxin toxicity
For which sign should the nurse monitor after administering a hypertonic saline solution to a patient who has severe hypotonic contraction?
Distention of neck veins
Sulfonamides are often preferred drugs for acute urinary tract infections (UTIs). About 90% of UTIs are due to which bacteria?
Escherichia coli
A patient who has acute cystitis is receiving treatment with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Which manifestation should indicate to a nurse that the patient's condition is worsening?
Flank pain
When planning care for a patient receiving a sulfonamide antibiotic, which is the appropriate intervention?
Force fluids to at least 2000 mL/day
The nurse is administering several different diuretics. Which drug will produce the most diuresis in a patient?
Furosemide
For which laboratory result should the nurse monitor in a patient receiving hydrochlorothiazide?
Hyperglycemia
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ). Which complication might the nurse expect to find in the patient?
Increased potassium levels
The nurse should educate a patient with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) about which potential long-term complication of PID?
Infertility
The healthcare provider instructs the nurse to administer mannitol to a patient who has cerebral edema. What should the nurse do before administering the drug to the patient? Select all that apply.
Keep mannitol warm use a filter needle and a in-filter needle
Which statements about mannitol are correct? Select all that apply.
Mannitol can cause edema. Diuresis begins in 30 to 60 minutes after administration Mannitol cannot be given orally.
Which acid-base imbalance is caused by chronic renal failure, loss of bicarbonate during severe diarrhea, or metabolic disorders that result in overproduction of lactic acid?
Metabolic acidosis
What medication is most often associated with treatment of bacterial vaginosis?
Metronidazole
While teaching a patient about urinary tract infections (UTIs), the nurse is aware that which statements are true about UTIs? Select all that apply.
Most UTIs are associated with Escherichia coli. Urethritis, cystitis, and pyelonephritis are types of UTIs Complicated UTIs are often associated with a predisposing factor such as renal calculi.
Which assessment findings indicate the patient is experiencing adverse effects from furosemide? Select all that apply.
Oliguria Unusual thirst Dry mouth
The nurse is working in the emergency department when a patient with a head injury develops increased intracranial pressure. Which drug would the nurse anticipate administering?
mannitol
The nurse is assessing a patient with acute cystitis. Which symptom would the nurse expect to find in the patient?
Painful urination
A patient who has acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is receiving trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ). Which response should a nurse expect if the medication is achieving the desired effect?
Resolution of pneumonia
Which acid-base imbalance is caused by retention of carbon dioxide secondary to hypoventilation?
Respiratory acidosis
Which of the following sulfonamides, applied topically, has the greatest therapeutic benefit for burns?
Silver sulfadiazine
Which finding should the nurse expect when assessing a male patient with secondary syphilis?
Skin lesions and flu-like symptoms
The nurse is caring for a patient who is on trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) treatment. The laboratory reports show decreased platelet and white blood cell counts. What should the nurse interpret from these findings?
The patient has blood dyscrasias
The primary health care provider has prescribed fosfomycin tromethamine to a patient for the treatment of a urinary tract infection (UTI). What would the nurse anticipate as the reason for prescribing this drug to the patient?
The patient is at risk for nonadherence to a drug regimen.
During the assessment of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the nurse finds that the primary health care provider has prescribed trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ). What is the reason for the prescription?
To prevent Pneumocystis jiroveci infection
The nurse is administering loop diuretics to a group of patients. The nurse should be familiar with the mechanism of action and adverse effects of which medications to be administered to these patients? Select all that apply.
Torsemide Bumetanide Ethacrynic acid
Which medication is combined with sulfamethoxazole as a powerful antimicrobial preparation whose components act in concert to inhibit sequential steps in tetrahydrofolic acid synthesis?
Trimethoprim
Which medication would be most beneficial for a patient with acute pyelonephritis?
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ)
Which sulfonamide has bactericidal activity?
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ)
the patient is undergoing treatment to reduce intraocular pressure. The nurse observes that a patient's vision is not improving after treatment. Which drug would the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for this patient?
mannitol
A patient taking spironolactone has been taught about the medication. Which menu selection indicates the patient understands teaching related to this medication?
chicken
The nurse knows that which organ is primarily responsible for maintaining fluid volume and osmolality?
kidneys
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving oral potassium chloride. Which symptom indicates a common adverse effect of this medication?
loose stools
The nurse knows that diuretics mostly affect which function of the kidneys?
maintence of extracellular fluid volume
A patient is hypokalemic and taking sustained-release oral potassium chloride. What should the nurse teach about taking this drug?
take with meals
Which intravenous fluid would be most appropriate for treating isotonic volume contraction?
0.9% sodium chloride
The nurse teaches the patient taking sulfamethoxazole the importance of which action to reduce crystalluria?
Increase fluid intake.
