Patho week six: stuff to remember so we don't fail.
A client who is scheduled for a hysteroscopy asks a nurse about the procedure involved in this technique. Which statement made by the client indicates effective understanding? "A radiopaque dye is used during a hysteroscopy." "A scope is inserted into the uterus to take a small amount of tissue." "A scope is inserted through a small surgical incision in the abdomen." "A thin telescopic type device is inserted via the vagina into the uterus."
"A thin telescopic type device is inserted via the vagina into the uterus."
A registered nurse is teaching about the medications for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to a group of student nurses. Which statement of a student nurse indicates the need for further teaching? "Alpha-blockers improve urine flow." "Alpha-blockers reduce the size of the prostate." "Tamsulosin is a typical example of an alpha-blocker." "Alpha-blockers relax the smooth muscles in the prostate."
"Alpha-blockers reduce the size of the prostate."
The caregiver of a client tells the nurse, "The client has coarsening of facial features and enlarged bones in the face." On assessment of the client, the nurse finds that the client has a high blood pressure and visual impairment. Which diagnostic tests does the primary health-care provider prescribe for further confirmation? Select all that apply. Ultrasonography CT scan of whole head MRI scans of whole head Corticotropin stimulation test Blood studies of tropic hormones
CT scan of whole head, MRI scans of whole head, Blood studies of tropic hormones
After reviewing the laboratory reports of a client, a nurse finds that the client has chronic pelvic inflammatory disorder (PID). Which condition should the nurse anticipate in the client? Meningitis Condyloma acuminata Mild salpingitis Inflammation of the fallopian tubes
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes
A female client tells a nurse, "I have excessive bleeding that lasts for more than 7 days every time I menstruate." Which menstrual disorder does the nurse suspect in the client? Question 16 options: Menorrhagia Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Secondary amenorrhea
Menorrhagia
A client diagnosed with dysmenorrhea is prescribed ibuprofen and hormonal contraceptives. Which outcome in the client indicates the effectiveness of the therapy? No painful experience during the first 2 days of her menstrual period No behavioral change during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle No formation of multiple regions of unreleased egg on the ovarian surface All of the above
No painful experience during the first 2 days of her menstrual period
While assessing a male client, a nurse finds erythema, swelling, and tenderness of the scrotum. The client also reports pain in the scrotum. Which disorder does the nurse suspect in the client? Question 20 options: Epispadias Cryptorchidism Testicular torsion Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Testicular torsion
A nurse is reviewing the medical records of a client and finds that the client has multiple clusters of fleshy growths on the vagina. What should the nurse interpret from these findings? The client has chancroid. The client has granuloma inguinale. The client has condyloma acuminata. None of the above
The client has condyloma acuminata.
After reviewing the laboratory reports of a client with diabetes, the nurse finds that the client has diabetic ketoacidosis. Which findings support the nurse's conclusion? Select all that apply. Client's arterial blood pH of 6 Trace elements of ketones in urine Serum bicarbonate level of 12 mEq/L Blood glucose level of 300 mg/dL None of the above
Client's arterial blood pH of 6, Serum bicarbonate level of 12 mEq/L, Blood glucose level of 300 mg/dL
A nurse is reviewing the medical records of a client who is pregnant and finds that the client has a Clamydia infection. Which complication should the nurse expect in the newborn? Question 4 options: Meningitis Conjunctivitis Hearing disorders Aortic valve deformity
Conjunctivitis
Which disorder is caused by an increase in the hormones that are secreted from the adrenal gland? Addison's disease Hypothyroidism Diabetes mellitus Cushing's syndrome
Cushing's syndrome
While caring for a neonate immediately following a vaginal birth, a nurse finds that the mother has gonorrhea. Which prescription should the nurse anticipate to be most beneficial to the neonate? Vitamin K1 (Mephyton, Aquamephyton) Vitamin D and iron supplements Tetracycline ophthalmic ointment (Ocudox) Hepatitis B (RECOMBIVAX HB) vaccine
Tetracycline ophthalmic ointment (Ocudox)
A nurse is caring for a 19-year-old female client who has never had a menstrual cycle and has a webbed neck, short stature, and a broad shield-like chest. What is the most probable cause of the client's condition? Turner syndrome Sheehan's syndrome Asherman's syndrome Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome
Turner syndrome
While assessing a young female client for reproductive disorders, a nurse understands that the client has amenorrhea. Which specific question should the nurse ask the client? "Do you have frequent vaginal infections?" "Do you have any thyroid gland disorders?" "Do you have diabetes mellitus?" "Do you have continuous or intermittent pelvic pain?"
"Do you have any thyroid gland disorders?"
The registered nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about managing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) in clients. Which response of a student nurse indicates effective learning? "Fluids should be administered before administering intravenous (IV) insulin to the client." "IV insulin should be administered until blood glucose is 150 mg/dL." "IV insulin administration should be followed by subcutaneous insulin." "Fluid administration should be followed by IV fluid administration."
"Fluids should be administered before administering intravenous (IV) insulin to the client."
A registered nurse is teaching a client with dysmenorrhea about her treatment plan. Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching? "I should avoid the use of oral contraceptives." "I should take ibuprofen as prescribed." "I should consume a low-fat diet." "I should perform regular exercise."
"I should avoid the use of oral contraceptives."
Which condition can cause ischemia of the testicle? Priapism Hematocele Testicular torsion Cryptorchidism
Testicular torsion
Which congenital condition occurs due to thyroid hormone deficiency during embryonic development and early neonatal life? Cretinism Pheochromocytoma Sheehan's syndrome Fetal alcohol syndrome
Cretinism
While preparing a client for the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the nurse asks the client to ingest soda which contains 80 g of carbohydrates. After 2 hours, the nurse measures the postprandial blood glucose level and concludes that the client has diabetes. Which blood glucose finding supports the nurse's conclusion? 160 mg/dL 190 mg/dL 250 mg/dL None of the above
250 mg/dL
The nurse reviews the laboratory reports of a client and concludes that the client has diabetes. Which finding helped the nurse to reach this conclusion? A fasting plasma glucose level of 100 mg/dL A glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value of 7 A postprandial blood glucose level of 170 mg/dL All of the above
A glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value of 7
Which laboratory test can assess a client's blood to rule out the possibility of ovarian cancer? Estrogen Urine calcium oxalate Carcinoembryonic antigen 125 (CA-125) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Carcinoembryonic antigen 125 (CA-125)
A client tells the nurse, "I've been feeling excessively thirsty for the last 2 days." On examination, the nurse finds the client has poor skin turgor, low blood pressure, and dry skin. A computed tomography scan of the client's head shows a pituitary tumor. Which treatment does the nurse expect to be prescribed by the primary health-care provider? Bromocriptine Growth hormone Arginine vasopressin Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Arginine vasopressin
The nurse observes sweating, dizziness, and disorientation in the client and consults the primary health-care provider while caring for a diabetic client. Which treatment option would be most beneficial to the client? Administering 25 g of glucose intravenously Administering 1 mg of glucagon subcutaneously Administering 50 mL of 50% dextrose intravenously Both A and B
Administering 50 mL of 50% dextrose intravenously
A nurse is caring for a client who was newly diagnosed with the herpes simplex viral infection and who has been prescribed acyclovir (Zovirax). Which would be the accurate nursing intervention for the client? Administering the medication once a day before dinner Administering the medication with some water once a day Administering the medication three times daily for 7 to 10 days Administering the medication three times daily for 15 to 20 days
Administering the medication three times daily for 7 to 10 days
The nurse reviews the laboratory reports of a diabetic client and concludes that the client has diabetic nephropathy. Which finding supports the nurse's conclusion? Ketones in urine Glucose in urine Albumin in urine All of the above
Albumin in urine
Which symptom is associated with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome? Severe dehydration Stupor Confusion All of the above
All of the above (Severe dehydration, Stupor, Confusion)
Which medical condition needs careful use of hormone replacement? Breast cancer Cardiac disease Venous thrombus All of the above
All of the above(Breast cancer, Cardiac disease, Venous thrombus)
A client is diagnosed with condyloma acuminata. Which test should the nurse expect will be beneficial to detect the viral genome? Biopsy Papanicolaou (Pap) smear Colposcopy None of the above
Biopsy
A digital rectal examination (DRE) in a client reveals the enlargement of the prostate gland that is firm, painless, and generalized. Which medications will the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider to treat the client? Alpha-blockers 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors Phosphodiesterase inhibitors Both A and B
Both A and B (Alpha-blockers and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors)
A nurse is assessing a client who has condyloma acuminata. Which medication should the nurse find in the client's prescription? Benzathine penicillin Topical podophyllin Trichloroacetic acid Both B and C
Both B and C (Topical podophyllin and Trichloroacetic acid)
Which medication does the primary health-care provider prescribe for the treatment of prolactinoma in a client with hyperpituitarism? Conivaptan Furosemide Bromocriptine Levothyroxine
Bromocriptine
Which gland secretes a lubricating fluid that coats the urethra during sexual arousal? Pituitary gland Prostate gland Bulbourethral gland Thyroid gland
Bulbourethral gland
Which is the most common complication expected in clients with type 1diabetes? Diabetic ketoacidosis Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome Metabolic syndrome None of the above
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Which artery provides engorgement of the glans during erection? Dorsal Cavernous Bulbourethral Both A and C
Dorsal
A client has exposure to the Neisseria gonorrhoeae organism and becomes infected. Which symptom would be noted in the client immediately after the infection? Dysuria Abdominal pain Copious discharge None of the above
Dysuria
Which antidiabetic medication is a sulfonylurea? Glipizide (Glucotrol) Pioglitazone (Actos) Repaglinide (Prandin) Metformin (Glucophage)
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
A registered nurse is teaching a group of nursing student about sexually transmitted diseases and makes the following statement, "This disease spreads through close skin contact and cannot be prevented by using condoms." Which sexually transmitted disease is the nurse referring to in the teaching? Question 23 options: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Hepatitis B None of the above
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Which infection would be detected by testing the swab samples of lesions on a Tzanck smear? Neisseria gonorrhoeae Treponema pallidum Human papillomavirus (HPV) None of the above
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
While assessing a male client, a nurse observes swelling in the scrotum due to the collection of serous fluid. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client? Hydrocele Epispadias Hematocele Hypospadias
Hydrocele
While teaching health promotion measures to a group of football players, a registered nurse instructs the players to wear protective gear while on the field. Which complications is the nurse trying to avoid in the players? Select all that apply. Orchitis Priapism Prostatitis Hydrocele Testicular torsion
Hydrocele, Testicular torsion
A nurse observes that a newborn has an abnormally positioned urethral orifice of the penis. Which disorder will the nurse suspect in the newborn? Orchitis Hypospadias Cryptorchidism Testicular torsion
Hypospadias
A female client reports missed menstrual periods after discontinuing hormonal contraceptives. What could be the reason behind the missed menstrual periods? Obstruction in the cervix Damage to the fallopian tube Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian dysfunction Extra growth of uterine tissue
Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian dysfunction
Which disorder can occur due to HIV? Varicocele Hypospadias Cryptorchidism Testicular cancer
Testicular cancer
The mother of an adolescent diabetic client tells the nurse, "My daughter is skipping insulin doses frequently because she is concerned about weight gain." Which condition does the nurse document for this client? Insulin purging Autonomic neuropathy Peripheral neuropathy Psychological insulin resistance
Insulin purging
Which hormone stimulates the Leydig cells of the testes to secrete testosterone? Prolactin Thyroid hormone Luteinizing hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Which diagnostic test would be beneficial to rule out ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors in the body? Chest x-ray Octreotide scintigraphy Contrast-enhanced MRI Abdominal CT scan
Octreotide scintigraphy
Which symptoms should a nurse observe for in a client who has pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)? Select all that apply. Oral temperature of 101°F Increase in the C-reactive protein levels Decrease in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Presence of white blood cells in the vaginal secretions Decrease in the sodium concentration of the blood
Oral temperature of 101°F, Increase in the C-reactive protein levels, Presence of white blood cells in the vaginal secretions
Which physical finding in a client will lead a nurse to suspect paraphimosis? Inflammation of the testes Enlargement of the prostate glands Abnormal prolonged erection of the penis Permanent retracted position of the foreskin behind the penis
Permanent retracted position of the foreskin behind the penis
While performing the genital assessment of a male client, a nurse observes that the client has curvature of the penis. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client? Question 19 options: Orchitis Phimosis Hypospadias Peyronie's disease
Peyronie's disease
Which signs or symptoms does the nurse observe while assessing a client with diabetes insipidus? Select all that apply. Amenorrhea Galactorrhea Poor skin turgor Orthostatic hypotension Dry mucous membranes
Poor skin turgor, Dry mucous membranes
After examining an elderly client's penis, a nurse finds the presence of scar tissue in the corpora cavernosum. On further assessment, the nurse confirms Peyronie's disease in the client. Which finding supports the nurse's confirmation? Small intrascrotal testes Presence of a curved penis Dilatation of the veins within the scrotum Excessive growth of the prostate gland
Presence of a curved penis
While assessing a male client, a nurse observes that the client has a small penis, long legs, short trunk, enlarged breast tissues, small testicles, and sexual dysfunction. What reason does the nurse suspect from these findings? Mumps infection Presence of an extra X chromosome Prolonged consumption of antihypertensive agents Increased cellular growth and size of the prostate gland
Presence of an extra X chromosome
Which diagnostic test is useful for detecting hyperactivity of the thyroid gland during an evaluation of a thyroid disorder? Sestamibi scan Ultrasound Radioactive iodine scan CT scan of the anterior neck
Radioactive iodine scan
Where does the herpes simplex virus (HSV) remain during its dormant stage? Question 24 options: Epithelium layer Sacral spinal nerves Dorsal ganglion of sensory nerves All of the above
Sacral spinal nerves
The nurse finds that the symptoms of thyroid dysfunction in a client are due to abnormal pituitary activity. The client's laboratory report shows a low TSH level, which supports the nurse's finding. What type of endocrine disorder is likely present in the client? Primary hypothyroidism Tertiary hyperthyroidism Primary hyperthyroidism Secondary hypothyroidism
Secondary hypothyroidism
Which complication is suspected in a client whose blood sugar is less than 30 mg/dL? Bradycardia Anhidrosis Anorexia Seizure
Seizure
Which cells secrete inhibin hormone? Sperm cells Leydig cells Sertoli cells White blood cells
Sertoli cells
A client tells a nurse, "My erections lasts for several hours and are painful. "Which medication found in the client's prescription is responsible? Sildenafil Finasteride Tamsulosin Pyridoxine
Sildenafil
Which sexually transmitted disease is known as the great imposter? Syphilis Chlamydia Gonorrhea All of the above
Syphilis
Which medication is associated with the growth of endometrial polyps? Tamoxifen Ibuprofen Haloperidol Metoclopramide
Tamoxifen
The nurse is caring for a client with seizures, severely elevated blood pressure, and impaired mentation. The primary health-care provider suspects the client's condition is an endocrine disorder. A 24-hour urinalysis report shows an excess amount of catecholamine metabolites. What might be the diagnosis of the client? The client has a pineal tumor. The client has pheochromocytoma. The client has Cushing's syndrome. The client has multiple endocrine neoplasia.
The client has pheochromocytoma.
The laboratory report of a client shows arterial blood pH of 7.6, blood glucose level of 650 mg/dL, and serum bicarbonate level of 17 mEq/L. What does the nurse infer from these laboratory findings? The client has diabetic ketoacidosis. The client has hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. The client has prediabetes. None of the above
The client has hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome.
A client who underwent laryngotomy presented with depression, increased sensitivity to cold, and constipation. On assessment, the nurse finds a puffy face and periorbital edema. The blood report shows a high TSH level. What does the nurse interpret from the findings? The client has hypothyroidism. The client has hyperthyroidism. The client has hypoparathyroidism. The client has hyperparathyroidism.
The client has hypothyroidism.
A night-shift nurse documents "primigravida" for a client. Which client is being referred to by the nurse? The client who hasn't had a pregnancy. The client who had multiple pregnancies. The client who is carrying her first pregnancy. The client who has delivered a baby after her first pregnancy.
The client who is carrying her first pregnancy.
A client is diagnosed with multiple endocrine neoplasia. Which sign or symptom observed in the client indicates the presence of pituitary tumors? Bone pain Galactorrhea Gynecomastia Visual disturbances
Visual disturbances
