Pathogenic Cocci of Medical importance

The infectious dose of gonorrhea is _____ to _____ colony forming units.

100 1000

Methods used to control and prevent gonorrhea infection include tracking sexual partners, vaccination, and antibiotic treatment of infections.

False

Only pathogenic Neisseria species can be present in infectious fluids.

False

True or false: Most Neisseriaceae are primary human pathogens, while a few are commensals of humans.

False

True or false: S. aureus exhibits fewer virulence factors than S. epidermidis.

False

_____ is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a member of the Neisseria that has been known since ancient times.

Gonorrhea

Which of the following causes of pneumonia matches this description: small, gram-positive lancet-shaped cells arranged in pairs and short chains? Histoplasma capsulatum Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumocystitis jiroveci Legionella pneumophila Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae

The antibiotic of choice for pharyngitis caused by S. pyogenes is ______ _____.

penicillin V

What do all cutaneous lesions of Staphylococcus aureus have in common? All are carbuncles. All are skin abscesses. All are due to inflammation of hair follicles.

All are skin abscesses.

Groups _____ and _____ streptococci are common microbiota of domestic animals but can be isolated from the human upper respiratory tract and occasionally cause pharyngitis imitating Group A streptococci.

C G

A significant number of gonorrhea infections are _____ , which leads to many cases not being reported to health authorities.

asymptomatic

Among the Staphylococci, only Staphylococcus ______ produces coagulase.

aureus

Which are the main virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae? hemolysins coagulases sex pili fimbriae

fimbriae

The main virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae are the _____, which play a role in adherence and preventing _____ by host cells.

fimbriae phagocytosis

In the presence of sugar, S. oralis, S. gordonii, and S. mutans produce slime layers made of _____ polymers that adhere to _______ surfaces, leading to plaque formation and tooth decay.

glucose teeth

Which is the common name for Neisseria gonorrhoeae? gonococcus pneumococcus meningococcus

gonococcus

Neisseria ______ causes the sexually transmitted disease known as _____.

gonorrhoeae gonorrhea

The two pathogenic members of the Neisseria genus include the gonococcus, N. _____, and the meningococcus, N. _____.

gonorrhoeae meningitidis

Which of the following host defenses is considered the most effective in combating S. aureus infection? phagocytic response antibody production B cell response

phagocytic response

When growing in liquid culture, _____ generally have a spherical shape arranged in long _____.

streptococci or cocci chain

Typical signs and symptoms of gonorrhea include _____ in males, eye infections in _____.

urethritis infants

S. aureus exhibits more _____ factors than almost any other pathogen.

virulence

What is the infectious dose of gonorrhea? 10 to 20 colony-forming units 100 to 1000 colony-forming units 1 million colony-forming units 10,000 to 100,000 colony-forming units

10 to 20 colony-forming units 100 to 1000 colony-forming units 1 million colony-forming units 10,000 to 100,000 colony-forming units

Streptococcus pyogenes belongs to which group of streptococci? A B C

A

Streptococcus pyogenes is a member of Group _____ streptococci..

A

General characteristics of streptococci include which of the following? Arranged in long, beadlike chains Facultative anaerobes Arranged in irregular clusters Spherical shape

Arranged in long, beadlike chains Facultative anaerobes Spherical shape

What are the leading causes of PID?

Chlamydia infections N. gonorrhoeae infections

Which of the following tests is often used to distinguish S. aureus from other staphylococcal species? Gram staining reaction Coagulase test Catalase test Sugar fermentation tests Growth on mannitol salt agar

Coagulase test

Which of the following tests is often used to distinguish S. aureus from other staphylococcal species? Gram staining reaction Sugar fermentation tests Growth on mannitol salt agar Coagulase test Catalase test

Coagulase test

_____ acquired MRSA is most often acquired outside of the hospital setting.

Community

General characteristics of streptococci include which of the following? Facultative anaerobes Spherical shape Arranged in long, beadlike chains Arranged in irregular clusters

Facultative anaerobes Spherical shape Arranged in long, beadlike chains

Which can be causes of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)? Gonococcal infection spreading to the lower reproductive structures such as the vagina Gonococcal infection spreading to the upper reproductive structures such as the fallopian tubes Chlamydia infection of the female reproductive tract

Gonococcal infection spreading to the upper reproductive structures such as the fallopian tubes Chlamydia infection of the female reproductive tract

Which of the following statements about Gonorrhea are correct? Gonorrhea is among the top five sexually transmitted diseases. Gonorrhea is strictly a human pathogen Incidence of gonorrhea is probably higher than reported due to asymptomatic infections. Gonorrhea can be spread to humans from animals as a zoonosis.

Gonorrhea is among the top five sexually transmitted diseases. Gonorrhea is strictly a human pathogen Incidence of gonorrhea is probably higher than reported due to asymptomatic infections.

A sample of beta-hemolytic streptococci is Bacitracin-resistant and CAMP factor positive would be placed in which of the following groups? Group B (S. agalactiae) Group A(S. pyogenes) Group C/G (S. equisimilis) Group D (E. faecalis)

Group B (S. agalactiae)

Which groups of beta-hemolytic streptococci are resistant to bacitracin? Group B (S. agalactiae) Group D (E. faecalis) Group A (S. pyogenes) Group C/G (S. equisimilis)

Group B (S. agalactiae) Group D (E. faecalis) Group C/G (S. equisimilis)

Which groups of beta-hemolytic, bacitracin-resistant streptococci are found in the human respiratory tract and are responsible for disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients? Group B (S. agalactiae) Group A (S. pyogenes) Group C (S. equisimilis) Group D (E. faecalis) Group G (S. equisimilis)

Group C (S. equisimilis) Group G (S. equisimilis)

Which groups of beta-hemolytic, bacitracin-resistant streptococci are found in the human respiratory tract and are responsible for disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients? Group B (S. agalactiae) Group G (S. equisimilis) Group C (S. equisimilis) Group A (S. pyogenes) Group D (E. faecalis)

Group G (S. equisimilis) Group C (S. equisimilis)

Which of the following statements about Gonorrhea are correct? Incidence of gonorrhea is probably higher than reported due to asymptomatic infections. Gonorrhea is strictly a human pathogen Gonorrhea is among the top five sexually transmitted diseases. Gonorrhea can be spread to humans from animals as a zoonosis.

Incidence of gonorrhea is probably higher than reported due to asymptomatic infections. Gonorrhea is strictly a human pathogen Gonorrhea is among the top five sexually transmitted diseases.

Why is the number of gonorrhea infections reported in the US is probably much lower than the actual number of cases? Diagnosis of gonorrhea is unreliable and time-consuming. Many cases are asymptomatic. Individuals do not seek treatment due to the stigma of a sexually transmitted disease. It is not a notifiable disease so no one keeps track for the number of cases.

Many cases are asymptomatic. Individuals do not seek treatment due to the stigma of a sexually transmitted disease.

_____ and Acinetobacter are morphologically and biochemically similar to the Neisseria, and are therefore included in the same _____.

Moraxella Family

Streptococcal pharyngitis should be treated with which drug? Chloramphenicol Penicillin Vancomycin

Penicillin

Which species causes gonorrhea? Chlamydia trachomatis N. meningitidis N. gonorrhoeae

N. gonorrhoeae

Which species causes gonorrhea? N. meningitidis N. gonorrhoeae Chlamydia trachomatis

N. gonorrhoeae

The two pathogenic members of the Neisseria genus include which of the following? N. meningitidis N. subflava N. gonorrhoeae B. catarrhalis

N. meningitidis N. gonorrhoeae

Because nonpathogenic ______ species can be found in the human body in infectious fluid, they must be differentiated from true pathogens in order to diagnose diseases like meningitis and gonorrhea.

Neisseria

The species _____ _____ is responsible for caushing gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Most Neisseriaceae are ______ but two are primary human _____.

commensals pathogens

Methods used to control and prevent gonorrhea infection include: Safe sex education Vaccination for gonorrhea Antibiotic treatment Tracking sexual partners

Safe sex education Antibiotic treatment Tracking sexual partners

_____ are common inhabitants of the skin and mucous membranes.

Staphylococci

Which of the following species uses coagulase to cause plasma clotting? Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Alpha-hemolytic streptococcus Candida albicans Micrococcus luteus

Staphylococcus aureus

_____ ______, which causes pneumonia and otitis media, is a small, gram-positive, lancet-shaped coccus arranged in pairs and short chains that is alpha-hemolytic on blood agar.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Which of the following causes of pneumonia matches this description: small, gram-positive lancet-shaped cells arranged in pairs and short chains? Mycoplasma pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae Legionella pneumophila Histoplasma capsulatum Pneumocystitis jiroveci

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Which group of bacteria plays a significant role in development of tooth decay (dental caries)? Viridans streptococci Neisseria gonorrhoeae Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes

Viridans streptococci

A local staphylococcal infection often manifests as an inflamed, fibrous lesion enclosing a core of pus called a(n) _____.

abscess

All of the following are types of infections caused by S. agalactiae except ______. neonatal infections skin infections endocarditis acute glomerulonephritis

acute glomerulonephritis

Which of the following are functions of the fimbriae of N. gonorrhoeae? adherence transmission of drug resistance preventing phagocytosis

adherence preventing phagocytosis

CA-MRSA stands for _____ - acquired methicillin ______ Staphylococcus aureus.

community resistant

The _____ test is most often used to distinguish S. aureus from other staphylococcal species.

coagulase

Gram-positive and gram-negative ______ are among the most significant infectious agents of humans.

cocci

The transmission route of N. meningitidis is through close contact with respiratory _____ or _____.

droplets secretions

Which of the following are types of infections caused by S. agalactiae? endocarditis skin infections rheumatic fever wound infections neonatal infections

endocarditis skin infections wound infections neonatal infections

Signs and symptoms that may be caused by gonorrhea include ______. sterility in females only herpetic keratitis eye infections in newborns PID in females urethritis in males

eye infections in newborns PID in females urethritis in males

The most powerful host defenses used to combat S. aureus infection phagocytosis by neutrophils and _____, aided by the opsonic action of _____.

macrophages complement

Gram-positive and gram-negative cocci are prevalent members of the normal flora of the ______. nervous system oral cavity intestine skin

oral cavity intestine skin

Which of the following are contributing factors to the pathogenicity of N. gonorrhoeae? lipase damaging cell membranes of the host protease cleaving IgA on mucosal surfaces fimbriae promoting attachment to other cocci and to tissue surfaces surface molecules attachment to other cocci and to tissue surfaces sex pili promoting attachment of cocci to each other

protease cleaving IgA on mucosal surfaces fimbriae promoting attachment to other cocci and to tissue surfaces surface molecules attachment to other cocci and to tissue surfaces

The typical transmission route of N. meningitidis is through ______. respiratory secretions respiratory droplets surgical incisions contact with fomites

respiratory secretions respiratory droplets

Staphylococci are common inhabitants of the _____ and mucous membranes.

skin

Which of the following are types of infections caused by S. agalactiae? rheumatic fever skin infections endocarditis wound infections neonatal infections

skin infections endocarditis wound infections neonatal infections