Patient Care Ch. 11
Renown psychologist, _________ , saw humans governed by a hierarchy of needs, each of which he viewed as a ________ in a pyramidal structure.
- Abraham Maslow - building block
____ can occur only if enough time is provided and if the patient is appropriately helped through the other stages. This final stage is characterized by a near-total lack of feelings.
Acceptance
are focused on body awareness and modesty. Having peer groups of the same sex helps eases tension during difficult procedures or just conversation. They easily relate to adult conversation and should essentially be treated as adults.
Adolescents, ages 10 to 25 years
a legal document prepared by a living competent adult to provide guidence to the health care team if the individual should become unable to make decisions regarding his or her medical care, may also be called a living will or durable power of attorney for health care
Advanced Directive
_____ focuses on hope and may be based in religion. A good example of this would be having prayers for small extensions of life to perform good deeds and heal family wounds. Supporting the patient's beliefs at this time is important because of the hope itself can reduce stress.
Bargaining
exchange of information, thoughts, or messages; includes interpersonal rapport; also includes the accurate conveyance of information, clear self expression, and transmission of information and ideas to others.
Communication
_______ and isolation may be the initial reactions and should be supported by silence and acceptance of the person without discussing death.
Denial
_____ often occurs when remission ends and additional treatments must begin. This is a normal reaction and should be encouraged by giving realistic praise while letting the patient express his or her feelings.
Depression
Your priority way to communicate with a non-English speaking patient is through an ______.
English-speaking family member
_________ may help ensure that questions, instructions, and other information have been understood
Eye contact
___________ are vital because they give people information on the importance of instructions and questions as well as both positive and negative reinforcement of their actions and statements.
Facial expressions
_______ should be treated as mature adults to minimize discrimination.
Geriatric Patients
the study of aging and disease of older adults
Gerontology
model of human needs developed by Abraham Maslow
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
_________ provides insight into this human behavior
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Do not consider themselves old. They consider themselves middle aged. Do not associate them with geriatric patients. They may be old on the outside, but young on the inside.
Mature Adults - 65 years and older
generally have found their place in life. They feel comfortable with their role in life. When ill, stress sets in when thinking about maintaining responsibilities.
Middle aged adults - 45 to 65 age range
_______ & ______ work well with hearing impaired patients
Pantomime and demonstration
Nonverbal communication is a type of communication that is referred to as ________, which is the music of language. It includes pitch, stress, tone, pauses, speech rate, volume, accent and quality of your voice.
Paralanguage
ability and right of patients to make independent decisions regarding medical care
Patient Autonomy
For ______ patients, get down on your knees to communicate.
Pediatric. Entering the child's environment by squatting to eye level with the child can begin a rewarding relationship.
must see or hear something to understand and must be actively involved to maintain their short attention span. like to be in control
Pre-schoolers that are 3 to 5 years of age
________ may be needed when dealing with mentally ill and other patients.
Restraints
begin to think logically and analyze situations. They will be able to reflect and develop deeper understandings about their surroundings. They tend to develop a special fear of bodily injury, disease, death, and punishment.
School-aged children that are 5 to 10 years of age
Often it is difficult to maintain a schedule in a medical setting because of unforeseen circumstances that occur. If something comes up, what do you do?
Tell the patient that you will be with them in just a few minutes. They will appreciate that you are aware their presence waiting to be seen. More positive comments are received by hospitals from these types of interactions than anything else.
are able to understand simple abstractions. they are only concerned about what you are going to do to them now
Toddlers - 1 to 3 years of age
_______ is another powerful form of non verbal communication.
Touch
Three reasons for touch
Touching for emotional support Touching for emphasis Touching for palpation
__________ involves using touch to highlight or to specify instructions or locations
Touching for emphasis
messages sent using spoken words, the exchange of information or thoughts. can be dramatically shaped by vocabulary, clarity, pitch, and even sentence organization
Verbal communication
_____ _____ and _____ must be at an appropriate level for the patient.
Vocabulary, clarity of voice, and organization of sentences
are usually entering new roles of responsibility at home and in their work. They often experience problems in handling their multitude of new roles and may neglect one area while they concentrate on another.
Young adults - 25 to 45
The quality of the feedback will be determined by the __________.
accuracy on how the message was received.
The radiographer should ________ the anger of a patient and __________.
acknowledge help overcome it whenever possible
____ may occur as a result of the realization that life will be interrupted before everything the person planned has been accomplished and feeling that the person will soon be forgotten.
anger
The technologist must be careful not to insult a patient's intelligence by ________.
attempting to simplify terminology.
If you are required to respond to questions from patients or visitors regarding the results of their x-rays, instruct the patients to _________.
call their physician for the results?
Patients who are kept in _______ are not told of their condition.
closed awareness
For mobile & surgical exams, unless the patient is under general anesthesia, make an attempt to ___________.
communicate with the patient
It is important to gain the patient's _______ even though he or she may be somewhat agitated.
confidence
Dr. Kubler-Ross described five stages in the grieving process:
denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance.
Working with mentally impaired patients requires a thorough knowledge of ______ and ______ techniques as well as ________.
equipment and immobilization interaction skills
As technologists, _______ & _______ are acquired. The patient usually perceives this and becomes more comfortable with the situation and will be more cooperative, especially during unpleasant exams.
experience and confidence
Whenever possible, verbal communication should occur ______.
face to face
Infants that range in age _________, appreciate certain body movements and nonverbal behaviors.
from birth to 1 year
pertaining to the study of older adults
gerontology
People who experience a significant loss adapt to it gradually through a _________.
grieving process
Student radiographers and patients have certain needs, such as:
helping others, working with people, making a difference, thinking critically, demonstrating creativity, and achieving results
Maslow's hierarchy of needs explained that when basic needs are met, _____ can emerge.
higher needs
Remember, referring to all older patients as geriatric is ________.
inappropriate
First, the technologist should try to communicate with the patient while determining his or her coherence level. This _______ can provide clues regarding the state of consciousness and coherency of the patient.
initial communication
someone who has been admitted into the hospital for diagnostic studies or treatment
inpatient
The approach the radiographer uses will be different between _______ & ________ This is because their levels of needs will be different. However, both groups will receive treatment regardless of status.
inpatients and outpatients
A state of _________ exists when patient, staff, and family all know but are pretending not to know in hopes of avoiding interpersonal conflicts.
mutual pretense
exchange of information, thoughts, or messages using methods other than the actual words of speech - tone, speed, facial expressions, and position of speakers extremities
nonverbal communication
A condition of _________ is usually considered desirable because it permits everyone to work through the various stages that precede dying.
open awareness
patient that comes into the healthcare facility for diagnosis/treatment that doesn't usually occupy a bed overnight
outpatient
Inability or unwillingness to communicate can be caused by many factors including ____ ____ ____ _____.
pain, shock, medication, and disorientation.
Proper ________ is accomplished by using fingertips to provide precise and gentle localization information
palpation
application of light pressure with fingers
palpation
music of language; cadence and rhythm of speech
paralanguage
objective evaluation and determination of the status of a patient
patient assessment
The communication process consists of a ______ ______ ______ & ________ ; and it is a 2-way process
sender, receiver, message, and feedback
Some patients develop __________ in that they watch for clues to their condition but attempt to keep the health care team from knowing it.
suspicious awareness
A seriously ill or traumatized patient may act differently because of pain, stress, or anxiety. Therefore, it is especially important that _________.
the patient hears and understands instructions as much as possible.
Because seriously ill and traumatized patients may not be able to communicate effectively, it becomes important to watch for changes in _______.
their vital signs
Effective interaction with non-English-speaking patients is greatly enhanced by the use of_____ _____ _____.
touch, facial expressions, and pantomime.
Although degrees of mental impairment vary, it is important to ______________ with these patients
use a strong, yet reassuring, tone of voice
The _________ is usually acceptable. This tactic may help the patient to relax and open up to conversation.
value of humor
Patients who are under the influence of a substance may be either ______, or _______. It is important though to observe them closely and use appropriate ________.
very relaxed or hyperactive and irrational immobilization techniques
A professional should be ______ _______ ______ to help the gain patient's confidence while in your care.
well groomed, wear appropriate attire, and practice good hygiene
