Pedi Chapter 3 quiz

Physical property

A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured changing the sample's composition.

mixture

A combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties.

constant,same

A liquid's volume is ___: regardless of the size and shape of the container in which the liquid is held, the volume of the liquid remains the ___.

heterogeneous mixture

A mixture that does not mix evenly throughout and in which the individual substances remain distinct.

Crystallization

A separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing dissolved substance

Chromatography

A technique that separates the components of a mixture dissolved in either gas or a liquid

Filtration

A technique that used a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid

shape and volume

Bose-Einstein Condensate's ___ and ___ do not stay the same; particles are so close together almost holding still yet still moving

Examples of an intensive property:

Density and scent

Boiling, added

Having reached the boiling point; steaming or bubbling up under the action of heat. Energy is being ___.

Examples of an extesive property

Length, volume,and mass

An example of sublimation is dry ice. Dry ice is solid carbon dioxife, and whenit is exposed to room tempature it will skip ____ phase and turn directly into gas.

Liquid, gas

Examples of chemical properties:

PH, reactivity with water, heat of combustion, flammability

Density, color, hardness, odor, melting, paint on a building are common ___ ___.

Physical properties

Distillation

Physically separates most homogenous mixtures based on the differences in the boiling points

___ can be used to seperate two solids presnt in a mixture when one of the solids ___ but not the other. Energy being ___.

Sublimation, sublimates, added

Bose-Einstein Condensate

The fifth state of matter, a gaseous superfluid that was created and named after Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein. Separate atoms or subatomic particles, cooled to near absolute zero. (when all particles stop motion because particles are so cold)

Plasma

The fourth state of matter, which is found in lighting and in the blood. ___ has no overall electric charge, is normally at low pressures, and at very high temperatures.

The laws of conservation of mass

The law of conservation of mass states that mass, in as isolated system, is neither created nor destroyed ever by chemical reactions.

Far

The particles of a gas are ___ apart unlike a liquid or a solid.

Condensation, removed

The process by which a gas or a vapor becomes a liquid. Energy is being ___.

Deposition, removed

The process by which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a solid without first becoming a liquid. Energy is ____. Example is when snowflakes form. When water vapor high up in the atmosphere changes directly into solid ice crystals. Energy is released as the crystals form.

Freezing, removed , heat, slow

The temperature at which a liquid is converted into a crystalline solid. Energy is . ___. ___ is speeding it up. Particles in a solid move ___ and vibrate.

incompressible (cannot be pressed into a smaller volume)

The tight packing of particles in a solid makes it ___.

Melting, added

To make or become liquefied by heat. Energy is being ___.

Example of Evaporation:

When one boils water, the molecules have enough energy to vaporize into a gaseous state.

Evaporation

When vaporization occurs only at the surface of a liquid Even at cold temperatures, some water molecules have enough energy to evaporate. As the temperatures rises, more and more molecules enter the gas phase.

Plasma

___ is a colorless fluid; consist of positive ions typically at low pressures

Homogenous mixture

a mixture that has constant composition throughout; it always has a single phase

alloy

a substance made by melting two or more elements together, at least one of them a metal.

Extensive property

a type of physical property that is dependent on the amount of substance present. (measurements)

Intensive property

a type of physical property that is independent of the amount of substance present.

The symbolic representation of a ___ is CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O.

chemical reaction

You are able to tell if something is a ___ ___ by the changes in color, temperature, noticeable odor, and formation of a precipitate or bubbles.

chemical reaction

How to tell it is a chemical change?

color change, odor change, production of gases occur.

Example od physical properties:

color, smell, freezing point, boiling point

Physical changes occur when a substance is altered without changing its ___.

composition

___- made up of two or more different elements that are chemically combined Ex. water (H2O)

compound

Because substances have uniform and unchanging compositions, they also have ___ and ___ physical properties.

consistent and unchanged

Examples of a physical change:

cutting paper, chopping wood, dissolving sugar and water, and crushing a can, and phase changes.

___ is the reverse of sublimation.

deposition

___- a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Ex. oxygen(O), hydrogen(H), carbon(C), etc.

element

Condensation always involves the transfer of ___.

energy

Heterogenous mixtures composed of solids and liquids are seperated ___.

filtration

vapor, steam

gaseous state of a substance that is liquid or a solid at room temperature... EXAMPLE: ____

the difference between the two is that ___ has one oxygen, while ___ ___ contains 2 parts oxygen- when compared, the ratio comes to be 2:1

hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide

A substance can be identified by its ___ properties.

intensive

Exampleof a chemical changes:

iron rusting, burning of wood, ripening and/or rotten bananas.

Liquid

is a form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape of its container

solid

is a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume

Gas

is a form of matter that not only flows to conform to the shape of its container but also fills the entire volume of its container.

Phase change

is a transition of matter from one state to another.

chemical reaction

is the process by which one set of chemical substances is transformed to another.

The mass of the products in a chemical reaction must equal the mass of the reactants, according to the ___ of ___ and ___.

law of conservation and mass

___- a given chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio and does not depend on its source and method of preparation Ex. vinegar: 2 atoms of carbon, 5 atoms of hydrogen, and 2 atoms of oxygen

law of definite proportions

___-when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same fixed mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers ex: Water and hydrogen peroxide- each contains the same elements

law of multiple proportions

Most everyday matter occurs as ___.

mixtures

Something has to change for a chemical reaction to happen and that change is the ___ in the reactants interacting and forming a ___ ___.

molecules. new substance.

Chemichal change

occur when one or more substances change into a new substance.

solute

one or more substances dissolved in a solution Dissolves in water

Along with physical properties, the state of matter also depends on the tempature and pressure of its surroundings. With temperature and pressure changes almost all substances undergo a change from one state of matter to another. This process is called ___. A transition of matter from one state to another is called phase change.

phase change

A chemical reaction can always produce a change in ___.

properties

You can identify properties by their ___, ___, and ____

properties, characteristics, and behaviors

___- matter with a uniform and unchanging composition Ex. sugar, salt, baking soda and honey

pure substance

Physical properties also descrive ___ ___.

pure substances

Substances that chemically react are called ___. The newly formed substances are called ___. Antoine Lavoisier proves that mass of products in a chemical reaction is equal to the mass of the reactants.

reactants. products.

A production of heat, light, and sound also indicates a chemical change because energy is being ___ and ___.

released and absorbed

Vaporization, gaseous

requiring process by which a liquid changes to a gas or vapor. Example: is a transition of matter from solif or liquid phase into ___ phase.

Sublimation

requiring process by which a solid changes directly to a gas without first becoming a liquid

Solutions can be ___, ___, or ___. They can also be a mixture of these things.

solids, liquids, or gases

An alloy is a ___

solution

The state of matter depends on the ___ and ___ of the surrondings.

temperature, and surrondings

Chemical property

the ability or inability of substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances.

solvent

the substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution The most plentiful substance in the solution Ex: could be the water that solute dissolves in

A mixture is heated until the substance with the lowest boiling point boils to a ___ then can be condensed into a ___.Examples: Heating water is a pot with a smaller container inside the pot and boiling the substance in the smaller container Fractional distillation of petroleum Petroleum refiners: Atmospheric and vacuum distillation

vapor, liquid

The composition of mixtures is ___, and the number of mixtures that can be created by combining substances is ___.

variable, infinite

___ is composed of two parts hydrogen and one oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide is two parts hydrogen and two parts oxygen

water

Example of condensation is:

water vapor molecules can come in contact with a cold surface, such as the side of a glass of water. Thermal energy transfers from the water vapor molecules to the cool glass, causing condensation on the outside of the glass.