Pediatrics Unit 1
What is the earliest age at which an infant is able to sit steadily alone? a. 4 months b. 5 months c. 8 months d. 15 months
c. 8 months The infant can sit alone without support at about 8 months of age.
A 9-year-old child is preparing for a lumbar puncture. What position will the nurse explain the child will assume for this procedure?
"On your side with the knees bent and the head close to the knees."
Which child would have the most difficulty in coping with separation from parents because of hospitalization?
16 month old child
A 15-year-old patient returns to the pediatric unit following a lumbar puncture. What initial position will the nurse maintain for this patient?
Supine
A 2-year-old child has been crying constantly for his mother since he was hospitalized 3 days ago. What does this behavior suggest?
The toddler feels abandoned by his mother.
What statement by the parent of a hospitalized toddler leads the nurse to determine the parent understands a hospitalized toddler's need for transitional objects? a. "This stuffed animal makes him feel secure." b. "He insisted on bringing this dirty old blanket with him." c. "I'm going to buy him a big stuffed animal from the gift shop." d. "I'd like to get him some toys from the playroom."
a. "This stuffed animal makes him feel secure." The use of a transitional object such as a blanket or a favorite toy promotes security.
When does the posterior fontanelle close? a. 2 to 3 months b. 3 to 6 months c. 6 to 9 months d. 9 to 12 months
a. 2 to 3 months The posterior fontanelle closes between 2 and 3 months of age.
The parent of a 3-month-old infant asks the nurse, "At what age do infants usually begin drinking from a cup?" What is the nurse's most accurate response? a. 5 months b. 9 months c. 1 year d. 2 years
a. 5 months The infant can usually drink from a cup when it is offered at about 5 months.
The nurse shares the information and timelines recorded on the interdisciplinary outline of care for a child. What is this document? a. Clinical pathway b. Comprehensive nursing care plan c. Holistic care approach d. Incorporated cost analysis
a. Clinical pathway This document is the clinical pathway, which is a broad outline of interdisciplinary plan of care with specific timelines.
What will the nurse take into consideration when educating parents regarding infant nutrition? (Select all that apply.) a. Cultural practices b. Sex of the infant c. Parental knowledge d. Infant's developmental level e. Parent-child interaction
a. Cultural practices c. Parental knowledge d. Infant's developmental level e. Parent-child interaction
A new mother is voicing concern she is breastfeeding her newborn too frequently. How often does the nurse instruct this mother she should expect her newborn to feed? a. Every 2 to 3 hours b. Every 4 to 6 hours c. Every 6 to 8 hours d. Every 8 to 10 hours
a. Every 2 to 3 hours Breastfed infants may require feedings at 2- to 3-hour intervals because breast milk is more easily digested. A flexible but regular schedule that provides a rest period between feedings is best for the parent and infant.
The nurse is preparing to outline principles of discipline for parents of an infant. What information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) a. Firmly say "No." b. Distract the child to another activity. c. Bribe the child with a sweet treat d. Remain consistent. e. Ignore the child until behavior improves.
a. Firmly say "No." b. Distract the child to another activity. d. Remain consistent. Parental approval is important to the infant, and setting limits early is essential. Principles of discipline at this age include the following: lowering the voice to say no firmly, removing the child from the situation, distraction, and consistency.
A hospitalized toddler was drinking from a cup at home but now refuses to drink from anything except his favorite bottle. What is the most likely reason for this behavior? a. He is dealing with the anxiety of hospitalization by regressing. b. He is demonstrating attention-seeking behaviors because of an overabundance of attention in the hospital. c. He is attempting to refocus the attention of the adults around him to avoid further painful procedures. d. He is exhibiting normal behavior for his age, as children often stop new behaviors after they believe they have mastered them.
a. He is dealing with the anxiety of hospitalization by regressing. Hospitalization is frustrating for toddlers. They show their displeasure when illness restricts satisfaction of their desires. It is not unusual for a toddler who was drinking from a cup to refuse it in the hospital.
The nurse is preparing to start an IV on an infant admitted to the pediatric unit. What intervention is appropriate for the nurse to implement? a. Involve the parents. b. Provide a simple explanation to the child. Let the child examine the equipment. d. Suggest coping techniques.
a. Involve the parents. It is appropriate to involve the parents when performing a procedure on an infant. Providing a simple explanation, letting the child examine the equipment, and suggesting coping techniques are not appropriate interventions for an infant.
The nurse cautions that children who have unmet hunger needs will likely display which characteristic(s)? (Select all that apply.) a. Irritability b. Ineffective feeding patterns c. No predictable sleep-wake cycle d. Distrust e. Effective parent bonding
a. Irritability b. Ineffective feeding patterns c. No predictable sleep-wake cycle d. Distrust Children who experience frequent hunger do not have effective parental bonding. All other options are probable outcomes for a child who has unmet hunger needs.
An 8-year-old child will be hospitalized for several weeks in skeletal traction to treat a fractured femur. What does the nurse realize immobilization in this age group can generate feelings of in planning care of this child? a. Loss of control b. Altered body image c. Shame and guilt d. Fear of bodily harm
a. Loss of control Forced dependency in the hospital, such as immobilization, can result in a feeling of loss of control and loss of security.
The nurse is talking with a parent about tooth eruption. What teeth will the nurse explain are the first deciduous teeth to erupt? a. Lower central incisors b. Upper central incisors c. Lower lateral incisors d. Upper lateral incisors
a. Lower central incisors The first teeth to erupt, usually at about 7 months, are the lower central incisors.
The nurse suggests to parents that they use the outpatient surgical center for their child's upcoming surgery. What advantage(s) does this type of facility have to offer? (Select all that apply.) a. Lower cost b. Less incidence of health care-associated infections c. Reduction of parent-child separation d. Ample time for recuperation at the facility e. Decreased emotional impact of illness
a. Lower cost b. Less incidence of health care-associated infections c. Reduction of parent-child separation e. Decreased emotional impact of illness All options listed are advantages of outpatient services with the exception of recuperating at the facility.
The nurse is preparing to obtain a throat culture on a toddler patient. What interventions are appropriate for the nurse to implement? (Select all that apply.) a. Model desired behavior. b. Instruct patient not to yell. c. Use distractions. d. Explain the procedure in detail. e. Encourage the child to ask questions.
a. Model desired behavior. c. Use distractions. Whenever possible the parent should be involved in the preparation for and initiation of a treatment or procedure, and the child should be prepared according to his or her developmental level. For a toddler, model the behavior desired (i.e., opening the mouth), tell the child it is okay to yell if the treatment or procedure is uncomfortable, and use distractions. Explaining the procedure in detail and encouraging questions are appropriate interventions for an older child.
The nurse is educating parents of a 2-month-old infant about immunizations. What immunizations against illness should their child receive? (Select all that apply.) a. Pertussis (whooping cough) b. Influenza c. Diphtheria d. Tetanus e. Polio
a. Pertussis (whooping cough) b. Influenza c. Diphtheria d. Tetanus e. Polio The first DPT, polio, and flu immunizations are given at the age of 2 months.
What information will the nurse include when taking a developmental history? (Select all that apply.) a. Previous experience with hospitalization b. Cultural needs c. History of illness d. Allergies e. Child's nickname
a. Previous experience with hospitalization b. Cultural needs e. Child's nickname The developmental history has information about the child and the child's developmental and cultural needs and personal preferences. The information relative to history of illness or allergies would be covered in the medical history.
The nurse is aware that the 7-month-old infant can signal feeding readiness by which action(s)? (Select all that apply.) a. Pulling spoon toward mouth b. Biting at spoon with upper and lower incisors c. Pointing to food bowl d. Bouncing up and down with excitement at sight of food e. Manipulating finger foods
a. Pulling spoon toward mouth e. Manipulating finger foods The 7-month-old infant pulls the spoon toward his or her mouth and can manipulate finger foods. The 7-month-old infant does not have upper incisors and has not developed adequately to recognize the food container or exhibit excitement related to the sight of food.
What should the teaching plan include about infant fall precautions? (Select all that apply.) a. Remove all unsteady furniture. b. Keep crib rails up and in locked position. c. Steady infant with hand when on changing table. d. Use tray attachment on high chair as restraint. e. Keep infant seat on the floor while indoors.
a. Remove all unsteady furniture. b. Keep crib rails up and in locked position. c. Steady infant with hand when on changing table. e. Keep infant seat on the floor while indoors. The tray attachment to a high chair is an inadequate restraint. All other options are good precautions to prevent an infant from a fall.
The nurse is assessing a 1-year-old infant in the pediatric office. What finding should the nurse report to the physician immediately? a. Respiratory rate of 60 breaths/minute b. Pulse rate of 100 beats/minute c. Minimal verbalization d. Fussy behavior
a. Respiratory rate of 60 breaths/minute Respirations of a 1-year-old infant should be 20 to 40 breaths/minute. Increased respiratory rate can lead to distress and should be reported immediately. Pulse rate of 100 to 140 beats/minute is normal. Minimal verbalization and fussy behavior are not emergency situations or abnormal for this age.
What are the basic fears of a young child being hospitalized? (Select all that apply.) a. Separation b. Permanent scarring c. Pain d. Cost e. Body intrusion
a. Separation c. Pain e. Body intrusion Small children all share the same basic fears relative to hospitalization, which are separation from family, pain, and body intrusion or mutilation.
The nurse observes a 10-month-old infant using her index finger and thumb to pick up pieces of cereal. What does this behavior indicate the infant has developed? a. The pincer grasp b. A grasp reflex c. Prehension ability d. The parachute reflex
a. The pincer grasp By 1 year, the pincer-grasp coordination of index finger and thumb is well established.
A 2-year-old child has been crying constantly for his mother since he was hospitalized 3 days ago. What does this behavior suggest? a. The toddler feels abandoned by his mother. b. The child still has not adjusted to his hospitalization. c. The child is not separated from his mother often. d. There is a poor mother-child bond.
a. The toddler feels abandoned by his mother. Unless toddlers are extremely ill, their grief and sense of abandonment during hospitalization are obvious
What will the nurse include when documenting the discharge of a pediatric patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Time of discharge b. Adult(s) accompanying the child and the relationship to the child c. Condition of the child d. Method of transportation e. Instructions that were given to physician
a. Time of discharge b. Adult(s) accompanying the child and the relationship to the child c. Condition of the child d. Method of transportation Information that should be included in the discharge note include time of discharge, adults accompanying the child and relationship to the child, condition of the child, and method of transportation. It should also be documented that instructions were given to parents.
Which statement best corresponds to a preschooler's understanding of hospitalization? a. "A germ made me get sick." b. "I got sick because I was mad at my brother." c. "My tonsils are sick and they have to come out." d. "I have a cast because I broke my leg."
b. "I got sick because I was mad at my brother." The preschooler may feel guilty, particularly if an accident happens as a result of mischief on his or her part.
The nurse discusses child-proofing the home for safety with the mother of a 9-month-old infant. Which statement made by the mother would indicate an unsafe behavior? a. "I put covers on all of the electrical outlets." b. "In the car, she rides in a front-facing car seat." c. "There are locks on all of the cabinets in the house." d. "I have a gate at the top and bottom of the stairs."
b. "In the car, she rides in a front-facing car seat." A rear-facing infant car seat should be used for infants younger than 1 year of age.
The mother of a hospitalized toddler states, "He cries when I visit. Maybe I should just stay away." What is the nurse's best response? a. "Perhaps you are right. He only gets upset when you have to leave." b. "It is important that you are here. This is a common reaction in children when they are separated from their parents." c. "It might be easier for your child if you would stay with him, but this decision is up to you." d. "We take good care of him and he seems fine when you are not here."
b. "It is important that you are here. This is a common reaction in children when they are separated from their parents." During the second stage of separation anxiety (despair), the child is quiet, is not crying, and is sad and depressed. The child will revert to protest when the parent arrives for a visit.
The mother of a 3-year-old child tells the nurse that she will be in to visit tomorrow around 12:00 PM. The next morning, the child asks the nurse, "When is my mommy coming?" What is the nurse's best response? a. "Your mommy will be here around noon." b. "Your mommy will be here when you have lunch." c. "Mommy will be here very soon." d. "Your mommy is coming in 4 hours."
b. "Your mommy will be here when you have lunch." The toddler and preschooler do not understand time yet. They understand time relationships through activities in their experience, such as naptime and mealtimes.
At what age does an infant's birth weight triple? a. 9 months b. 1 year c. 18 months d. 2 years
b. 1 year The infant usually triples his or her birth weight by about 12 months of age.
What is the earliest age at which the infant should be able to walk independently? a. 8 to 10 months b. 12 to 15 months c. 15 to 18 months d. 18 to 21 months
b. 12 to 15 months For the majority of children, the milestone of walking alone is achieved between 12 and 15 months
Which nursing action would facilitate rapport with a child and the child's parents during the admission process? a. Direct the parents to undress the child. b. Answer questions in a calm and matter-of-fact way. c. Perform assessments and ask questions as quickly as possible. d. Express concern about the seriousness of the child's condition.
b. Answer questions in a calm and matter-of-fact way. The nurse tries not to appear rushed. A matter-of-fact attitude must be maintained regardless of the child's condition.
A parent is concerned because her infant has a diaper rash. What is the best action the nurse would advise the parent to implement? a. Use commercial diaper wipes to clean the area. b. Apply a protective ointment on the area. c. Change the infant's diaper less frequently. d. Keep the diaper area covered all of the time.
b. Apply a protective ointment on the area. A protective ointment can be applied when the skin in the diaper area appears pink and irritated.
A parent brings a 6-month-old infant to the pediatric clinic for her well-baby examination. Her birth weight was 8 pounds, 2 ounces. What will the nurse weighing the infant today expect her weight to be? a. At least 12 pounds b. At least 16 pounds c. At least 20 pounds d. At least 24 pounds
b. At least 16 pounds Birth weight is usually doubled by 6 months of age.
The nurse explains to the parents of a hospitalized child that their child will receive fentanyl for an upcoming procedure. What advantage of fentanyl will the nurse explain? a. It is specifically designed for children. b. It has a rapid onset. c. It is nonaddicting. d. It has a long duration.
b. It has a rapid onset. Fentanyl is a drug useful for all ages because of its rapid onset and brief duration.
When a 2-year-old child returns to her hospital room following a diagnostic procedure, her parents are not available, and the child is crying loudly. Which technique is most appropriate to alleviate the child's distress? a. Rock the child gently to sleep. b. Play with the child using pop-up toys. c. Role-play with the child to act out her feelings. d. Ask the child to draw a picture about her feelings.
b. Play with the child using pop-up toys. Distractions such as blowing bubbles, looking through a kaleidoscope, and playing with pop-up toys may help reduce anxiety and pain.
A nurse encourages a school-age child to draw a picture after a painful procedure. What is the best rationale for this nursing intervention? a. Attempting to re-establish rapport b. Providing a way for the child to express his feelings c. Encouraging quiet play d. Distracting the child from thinking about the pain
b. Providing a way for the child to express his feelings After treatments, the nurse should encourage children to draw and talk about their drawings or to act out their feelings through puppet play.
Which child would have the most difficulty in coping with separation from parents because of hospitalization? a.3-month-old child b.16-month-old child c.4-year-old child d.7-year-old child
b.16-month-old child Separation anxiety occurs after age 6 months and is most pronounced in the toddler.
The nurse is assessing development in a 9-month-old infant. What would the nurse expect to observe?a. Speaking in 2-word sentences b. Grasping objects with palmar grasp c. Creeping along the floor d. Beginning to use a spoon rather sloppily
c. Creeping along the floor The 9-month-old infant tries to creep, has developed pincer movement, and can grasp a spoon without keeping food on it.
The parents of a hospitalized toddler are upset because she seems more interested in her toys when they come to visit her. In which stage of separation anxiety is the toddler? a. Protest b. Despair c. Denial d. Attachment
c. Denial In the stage of denial or detachment, the child appears to deny the need for the parents and becomes uninterested in their visits.
What is the best suggestion by the nurse when parents ask, "When is the best time to begin to prepare a 5-year-old child for surgery and hospitalization?" a. "As soon as the surgery is scheduled" b. "About 2 weeks before surgery" c. "About 4 days before surgery" d. "On the night before admission to the hospital"
c. "About 4 days before surgery" Parents should prepare children for procedures and hospitalization a few days in advance.
The anxious parent asks if there is a danger of her 2-year-old child becoming addicted to the opioid pain reliever. What is the nurse's most helpful response? a. "Although this drug is addictive, the doctor monitors the dose very carefully." b. "Don't worry. Addicted children are very easy to wean off the drug." c. "Addiction is rare in children when opiates are given for pain." d. "Addictive behaviors are easy to assess. The drug will be stopped if that happens."
c. "Addiction is rare in children when opiates are given for pain." Addiction is rare in children.
Which statement indicates the mother of an 8-month-old infant understands infant sleep patterns?a. "I put the baby in my bed until she falls asleep, then I put her in her crib." b. "I let the baby skip an afternoon nap so that she will fall asleep earlier." c. "I put the pacifier in the crib so that she can find it when she wakes up." d. "I rock the baby back to sleep if she wakes up at night."
c. "I put the pacifier in the crib so that she can find it when she wakes up." The parent should assist the infant to develop self-soothing behaviors so that the infant can get back to sleep on her own
Parents of a 6-month-old infant ask the nurse why it is necessary to offer iron-rich formula to their child. What is the correct response? a. "The infant has limited ability to produce red blood cells." b. "The infant has ineffective digestive enzymes." c. "The infant has exhausted maternal iron stores." d. "The infant has need of the iron to support dentition."
c. "The infant has exhausted maternal iron stores."
The pediatric nurse is caring for a child that weighs 15 kg and calls the physician for an order for acetaminophen for pain control. What is the maximum amount of medication per dose the nurse anticipates ordering? a. 100 mg b. 150 mg c. 225 mg d. 250 mg
c. 225 mg Acetaminophen is commonly used for the relief of mild to moderate pain in infants and children. The maximum dose is 15 mg/kg/dose for infants and children, with a maximum of 5 doses in 24 hours.
The nurse must make a room assignment for a 16-year-old adolescent with cystic fibrosis. Which roommate would be the most appropriate for this patient? a. A 4-year-old child who had an appendectomy b. A 10-year-old child with sickle cell disease in vaso-occlusive crisis c. A 15-year-old adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus d. To assign the adolescent to a private room
c. A 15-year-old adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus Adolescents usually do better in rooms with one or more roommates than in single rooms. The adolescent would do best with a roommate who is closest to his or her age and also lives with a chronic illness.
A 13-year-old girl has been hospitalized for the past week. When discussing the girl's feelings about her illness, what would the nurse expect the girl to express as her biggest concern? a. Invasive procedures b. Loss of control c. Appearance d. Separation from her boyfriend
c. Appearance Illness during early adolescence (12 to 15 years) is seen mainly as a threat to body image.
Parents are preparing their child for admission to the pediatric unit for minor surgery. What should they expect to see when visiting the pediatric unit? (Select all that apply.) a. Nurses wearing all white b. Formal atmosphere c. Availability of a playroom d. Dim lighting e. Colored bedding
c. Availability of a playroom e. Colored bedding
What is an abnormal finding in an evaluation of growth and development for a 6-month-old infant?a. Weight gain of 4 to 7 ounces per week b. Length increase of 1 inch in 2 months c. Head lag present d. Can sit alone for a few seconds
c. Head lag present The infant should be holding the head up well by 5 months of age. If head lag is present at 6 months, the child should undergo further evaluation.
What would the nurse expect a 4-month-old infant to be able to accomplish? a. Hold a cup. b. Stand with assistance. c. Lift head and shoulders. d. Sit with back straight.
c. Lift head and shoulders. Because development is cephalocaudal, of these choices, lifting the head and shoulders is the one that the infant learns to do first. The infant can usually sit with support at about 5 months of age and can sit alone at about 8 months.
What is the most appropriate activity to recommend to parents to promote sensorimotor stimulation for a 1-year-old infant? a. Ride a tricycle. b. Spend time in an infant swing. c. Play with push-pull toys. d. Read large picture books.
c. Play with push-pull toys. Push-pull toys are appropriate to promote sensorimotor stimulation for a 1-year-old infant
What should the nurse, preparing to collect an admission history from parents who have recently emigrated from Russia, keep in mind? a. Eye-to-eye contact is considered disrespectful. b. Touching the child's head means the nurse is superior. c. Smiling is inappropriate in a serious situation. d. Staring is a sign of the nurse's rudeness.
c. Smiling is inappropriate in a serious situation. In Russia, a smile indicates happiness and is inappropriate in a serious or sad situation.
The mother of an infant born prematurely tells the nurse, "The baby is irritable. She cries during diaper changes and feedings. Can you make some suggestions about what I should do to soothe her?" What is the most appropriate recommendation to help this parent? a. Play the radio or TV while you feed the infant. b. Put the infant in a room with sunlight. c. Wrap the infant snugly when you hold them. d. Change the infant's position quickly.
c. Wrap the infant snugly when you hold them. A strategy that may be helpful is to swaddle the infant snugly in a light blanket with extremities flexed and hands near the face.
What statement made by a parent indicates correct understanding of infant feeding? a. "I've been mixing rice cereal and formula in the baby's bottle." b. "I switched the baby to low-fat milk at 9 months." c. "The baby really likes little pieces of chocolate." d. "I give the baby new foods before he takes his bottle."
d. "I give the baby new foods before he takes his bottle." New solid foods should be introduced before formula or breast milk to encourage the infant to try new foods.
The nurse notices that the mother of a child with cerebral palsy corrects and redoes many of the things the nurse does for her child. What is the nurse's most appropriate response to this mother? a. "Would you like to do all of your child's care?" b. "I'm doing the very best job that I can with your child." c. "Why don't you go have a cup of coffee? You are going to be exhausted if you don't take a break." d. "I'd love for you to share with me some of the special things you do for your child."
d. "I'd love for you to share with me some of the special things you do for your child." The person who cares daily for the child with a chronic illness can provide information that will best guarantee continuity of care between the home and the hospital.
A mother is concerned because her 10-month-old infant is lethargic. What is the best action the nurse can advise this mother to implement? a. Keep the infant's room well lit. b. Rub the infant's soles vigorously. c. Offer the infant a pacifier. d. Handle the infant slowly and gently.
d. Handle the infant slowly and gently. Some infants respond to stimulating environments by shutting down. Move and handle infants slowly and gently.
What will the nurse advise a parent to do when introducing solid foods? a. Begin with one tablespoon of food. b. Mix foods together. c. Eliminate a refused food from the diet d. Introduce each new food 4 to 7 days apart.
d. Introduce each new food 4 to 7 days apart. Only one new food is offered in a 4- to 7-day period to determine tolerance.
A 4-year-old child begins to cry when his mother tells him it is time for his operation. The nurse understands this is an expected reaction. On which particular fear of the preschooler does the nurse base this understanding? a. Loss of control b. Restricted mobility c. Unfamiliar routines d. Invasive procedures
d. Invasive procedures The preschool child is afraid of bodily harm, particularly invasive procedures.
How might the nurse demonstrate the parachute reflex with an infant? a. Lifting the infant high in the air above her head b. Holding the infant in a football hold, cradling the head c. Seating the infant in a stroller in an upright position d. Placing the infant downward into the crib
d. Placing the infant downward into the crib The infant, when placed downward in a prone position, will protectively extend the arms.
Parents of an infant inform the nurse they are planning home preparation of solid foods. What directions should the nurse provide? (Select all that apply.) a. Boil foods in a large amount of water. b. Do not freeze foods. c. Add 1 teaspoon of salt per cup. d. Puree food in electric blender. e. Add sugar sparingly.
d. Puree food in electric blender. e. Add sugar sparingly. Home-prepared infant food can be strained and pureed in an electric blender. Sugar should be added sparingly. Food should be boiled in small amounts of water and not over cooked to avoid destroying nutrients. Foods may be frozen in ice cube trays and defrosted for use.
A mother calls the pediatrician's office because her infant is "colicky." What is the most helpful measure the nurse can suggest to the mother? a. Sing songs to the infant in a soft voice. b. Place the infant in a well-lit room. c. Walk around and massage the infant's back. d. Rock the fussy infant slowly and gently
d. Rock the fussy infant slowly and gently One technique the nurse can offer parents of a fussy infant is to rock the infant gently and slowly while being careful to avoid sudden movements.
The parents of a hospitalized 9-month-old infant ask if their preschool child may visit his younger sibling. What understanding would assist the nurse most in formulating a response? a. Preschool children can be disruptive in the hospital environment. b. Seeing his younger sibling would probably frighten the preschooler and thus should be avoided. c. The sibling could view the infant from the doorway but not enter the room to prevent the spread of microorganisms. d. The preschooler needs to visit his infant sister to reassure himself that she is all right.
d. The preschooler needs to visit his infant sister to reassure himself that she is all right. Siblings are affected by a child's hospitalization. Their ability to cope is influenced by their age, experience, and intactness of the family.
