Peds Exam #2 Respiratory

How does the nurse interpret the laboratory analysis of a stool sample containing excessive amounts of azotorrhea and steatorrhea in a child with cystic fibrosis (CF)? The values indicate the child is: 1. Not compliant with taking her vitamins. 2. Not compliant with taking her enzymes. 3. Eating too many foods high in fat. 4. Eating too many foods high in fiber.

2. Not compliant with taking her enzymes.

Which assessment is of greatest concern in a 15-month-old? 1. The child is lying down, has moderate retractions, low-grade fever, and nasal congestion. 2. The child is in the tripod position, has diminished breath sounds, and a muffled cough. 3. The child is sitting up and has coarse breath sounds, coughing, and fussiness. 4. The child is restless and crying, has bilateral wheezes, and is feeding poorly.

2. The child is in the tripod position, has diminished breath sounds, and a muffled cough.

An infant is not sleeping well, is crying frequently, has yellow drainage from the ear, and is diagnosed with an ear infection. Which nursing objective is the priority for the family? 1. Educating the parents about signs and symptoms of an ear infection. 2. Providing emotional support for the parents. 3. Providing pain relief for the child. 4. Promoting the flow of drainage from the ear.

3. Providing pain relief for the child.

Which statement by the parents of a toddler with repeated otitis media indicates they need additional teaching? 1. "If I quit smoking, my child may have a decreased chance of getting an ear infection." 2. "As my child gets older, he should have fewer ear infections, because his immune system will be more developed." 3. "My child will have fewer ear infections if he has his tonsils removed." 4. "My child may need a speech evaluation."

3. "My child will have fewer ear infections if he has his tonsils removed."

Which is the nurse's best response to the parent of an infant diagnosed with the first otitis media who wonders about long-term effects? 1. "The child could suffer hearing loss." 2. "The child could suffer some speech delays." 3. "The child could suffer recurrent ear infections." 4. "The child could require ear tubes."

3. "The child could suffer recurrent ear infections."

A school-age child has been diagnosed with nasopharyngitis. The parent is concerned because the child has had little or no appetite for the last 24 hours. Which is the nurse's best response? 1. "Do not be concerned; it is common for children to have a decreased appetite during a respiratory illness." 2. "Be sure your child is taking an adequate amount of fluids. The appetite should return soon." 3. "Try offering the child some favorite foods. Maybe that will improve the appetite." 4. "You need to force your child to eat whatever you can; adequate nutrition is essential."

3. "Try offering the child some favorite foods. Maybe that will improve the appetite."

A parent asks the nurse how it will be determined whether their child has respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Which is the nurse's best response? 1. "We will do a simple blood test to determine whether your child has RSV." 2. "There is no specific test for RSV. The diagnosis is made based on the child's symptoms." 3. "We will swab your child's nose and send that specimen for testing." 4. "We will have to send a viral culture to an outside lab for testing."

3. "We will swab your child's nose and send that specimen for testing."

A parent asks how to care for a child at home who has the diagnosis of viral tonsillitis. Which is the nurse's best response? 1. "You will need to give your child a prescribed antibiotic for 10 days." 2. "You will need to schedule a follow-up appointment in 2 weeks." 3. "You can give your child acetaminophen (Tylenol) every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain." 4. "You can place warm towels around your child's neck for comfort."

3. "You can give your child acetaminophen (Tylenol) every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain."

A child's parent asks the nurse what treatment the child will need for the diagnosis of strep throat. Which is the nurse's best response? 1. "Your child will be sent home on bed rest and should recover in a few days without any intervention." 2. "Your child will need to have the tonsils removed to prevent future strep infections." 3. "Your child will need oral penicillin for 10 days and should feel better in a few days." 4. "Your child will need to be admitted to the hospital for 5 days of intravenous antibiotics."

3. "Your child will need oral penicillin for 10 days and should feel better in a few days."

Which child diagnosed with pneumonia would benefit most from hospitalization? 1. A 13-year-old who is coughing, has coarse breath sounds, and is not sleeping well. 2. A 14-year-old with a fever of 38.6°C (101.5°F), rapid breathing, and a decreased appetite. 3. A 15-year-old who has been vomiting for 3 days and has a fever of 38.5°C (101.3°F). 4. A 16-year-old who has a cough, chills, fever of 38.5°C (101.3°F), and wheezing.

3. A 15-year-old who has been vomiting for 3 days and has a fever of 38.5°C (101.3°F).

Which breathing exercises should the nurse have an asthmatic 3-year-old child do to increase her expiratory phase? 1. Use an incentive spirometer. 2. Breathe into a paper bag. 3. Blow a pinwheel. 4. Take several deep breaths.

3. Blow a pinwheel.

Which is diagnostic for epiglottitis? 1. Blood test. 2. Throat swab. 3. Lateral neck x-ray of the soft tissue. 4. Signs and symptoms.

3. Lateral neck x-ray of the soft tissue.

Which information will be most helpful in teaching parents about the primary prevention of foreign body aspiration? 1. Signs and symptoms of foreign body aspiration. 2. Therapeutic management of foreign body aspiration. 3. Most common objects that toddlers aspirate. 4. Risks associated with foreign body aspiration.

3. Most common objects that toddlers aspirate.

What information should the nurse provide the parent of a child diagnosed with nasopharyngitis? 1. Complete the entire prescription of antibiotics. 2. Avoid sending the child to day care. 3. Use comfort measures for the child. 4. Restrict the child to clear liquids for 24 hours.

3. Use comfort measures for the child.

The parents of a 6-year-old who has a new diagnosis of asthma ask the nurse what to do to make their home a more allergy-free environment. Which is the nurse's best response? 1. "Use a humidifier in your child's room." 2. "Have your carpet cleaned chemically once a month." 3. "Wash household pets weekly." 4. "Avoid purchasing upholstered furniture."

4. "Avoid purchasing upholstered furniture."

The parent of a child with croup tells the nurse that her other child just had croup and it cleared up in a couple of days without intervention. She asks the nurse why this child is exhibiting worse symptoms and needs to be hospitalized. Which is the nurse's best response? 1. "Some children just react differently to viruses. It is best to treat each child as an individual." 2. "Younger children have wider airways that make it easier for bacteria to enter and colonize." 3. "Younger children have short and wide eustachian tubes, making them more susceptible to respiratory infections." 4. "Children younger than 3 years usually exhibit worse symptoms because their immune systems are not as developed."

4. "Children younger than 3 years usually exhibit worse symptoms because their immune systems are not as developed."

A mother is crying and tells the nurse that she should have brought her son in yesterday when he said his throat was sore. Which is the nurse's best response to this parent whose child is diagnosed with epiglottitis and is in severe distress and in need of intubation? 1. "Children this age rarely get epiglottitis; you should not blame yourself." 2. "It is always better to have your child evaluated at the first sign of illness rather than wait until symptoms worsen." 3. "Epiglottitis is slowly progressive, so early intervention may have decreased the extent of your son's symptoms." 4. "Epiglottitis is rapidly progressive; you could not have predicted his symptoms would worsen so quickly."

4. "Epiglottitis is rapidly progressive; you could not have predicted his symptoms would worsen so quickly."

A child is complaining of throat pain. Which statement by the mother indicates that she needs more education regarding the care and treatment of her child's pharyngitis? 1. "I will have my child gargle with salt water three times a day." 2. "I will offer my child ice chips several times a day." 3. "I will give my child Tylenol every 4 to 6 hours as needed." 4. "I will ask the nurse practitioner for some amoxicillin."

4. "I will ask the nurse practitioner for some amoxicillin."

The nurse is reviewing discharge instructions with the parents of a child who had a tonsillectomy a few hours ago. The parents tell the nurse that the child is a big eater, and they want to know what foods to give the child for the next 24 hours. What is the nurse's best response? 1. "The child's diet should not be restricted at all." 2. "The child's diet should be restricted to clear liquids." 3. "The child's diet should be restricted to ice cream and cold liquids." 4. "The child's diet should be restricted to soft foods."

4. "The child's diet should be restricted to soft foods."

What is the most important piece of information that the nurse must ask the parent of a child in status asthmaticus? 1. "What time did your child eat last?" 2. "Has your child been exposed to any of the usual asthma triggers?" 3. "When was your child last admitted to the hospital for asthma?" 4. "When was your child's last dose of medication?"

4. "When was your child's last dose of medication?"

A 2-year-old has just been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF). The parents ask the nurse what early respiratory symptoms they should expect to see in their child. Which is the nurse's best response? 1. "You can expect your child to develop a barrel-shaped chest." 2. "You can expect your child to develop a chronic productive cough." 3. "You can expect your child to develop bronchiectasis." 4. "You can expect your child to develop wheezing respirations."

4. "You can expect your child to develop wheezing respirations."

A school-age child is admitted to the hospital for a tonsillectomy. During the nurse's postoperative assessment, the child's parent tells the nurse that the child is in pain. Which of the following observations would be of most concern to the nurse? 1. The child's heart rate and blood pressure are elevated. 2. The child complains of having a sore throat. 3. The child is refusing to eat solid foods. 4. The child is swallowing excessively.

4. The child is swallowing excessively.

Which would the nurse explain to parents about the inheritance of cystic fibrosis? 1. CF is an autosomal-dominant trait passed on from the child's mother. 2. CF is an autosomal-dominant trait passed on from the child's father. 3. The child of parents who are both carriers of the gene for CF has a 50% chance of acquiring CF. 4. The child of a mother who has CF and a father who is a carrier of the gene for CF has a 50% chance of acquiring CF.

4. The child of a mother who has CF and a father who is a carrier of the gene for CF has a 50% chance of acquiring CF.

Which is the nurse's best response to a parent who asks what can be done at home to help an infant with upper respiratory infection (URI) symptoms and a fever get better? 1. "Give your child small amounts of fluid every hour to prevent dehydration." 2. "Give your child Robitussin at night to reduce his cough and help him sleep." 3. "Give your child a baby aspirin every 4 to 6 hours to help reduce the fever." 4. "Give your child an over-the-counter cold medicine at night."

1. "Give your child small amounts of fluid every hour to prevent dehydration."

Which statement by the parent of a child using an albuterol inhaler leads the nurse to believe that further education is needed on how to administer the medication? 1. "I should administer two quick puffs of the albuterol inhaler using a spacer." 2. "I should always use a spacer when administering the albuterol inhaler." 3. "I should be sure that my child is in an upright position when administering the inhaler." 4. "I should always shake the inhaler before administering a dose."

1. "I should administer two quick puffs of the albuterol inhaler using a spacer."

Which statement indicates the parent needs further teaching on how to prevent his other children from contracting respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)? 1. "I should make sure that both my children receive palivizumab (Synagis) injections for the remainder of this year." 2. "I should be sure to keep my infected child away from his brother until he has recovered." 3. "I should insist that all people who come in contact with my children thoroughly wash their hands before playing with them." 4. "I should insist that anyone with a respiratory illness avoid contact with my children until well."

1. "I should make sure that both my children receive palivizumab (Synagis) injections for the remainder of this year."

The parent of a 4-month-old with cystic fibrosis (CF) asks the nurse what time to begin the child's first chest physiotherapy (CPT) each day. Which is the nurse's best response? 1. "Thirty minutes before feeding the child breakfast." 2. "After deep-suctioning the child each morning." 3. "Thirty minutes after feeding the child breakfast." 4. "Only when the child has congestion or coughing."

1. "Thirty minutes before feeding the child breakfast."

Which child with asthma should the nurse see first? 1. A 12-month-old who has a mild cry, is pale in color, has diminished breath sounds, and has an oxygen saturation of 93%. 2. A 5-year-old who is speaking in complete sentences, is pink in color, is wheezing bilaterally, and has an oxygen saturation of 93%. 3. A 9-year-old who is quiet, is pale in color, and is wheezing bilaterally with an oxygen saturation of 92%. 4. A 16-year-old who is speaking in short sentences, is wheezing, is sitting upright, and has an oxygen saturation of 93%.

1. A 12-month-old who has a mild cry, is pale in color, has diminished breath sounds, and has an oxygen saturation of 93%.

Which child is at highest risk for requiring hospitalization to treat respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)? 1. A 2-month-old who was born at 32 weeks. 2. A 16-month-old with a tracheostomy. 3. A 3-year-old with a congenital heart defect. 4. A 4-year-old who was born at 30 weeks.

1. A 2-month-old who was born at 32 weeks.

Which is the nurse's best response to the parent of a child diagnosed with epiglottitis who asks what the treatment will be? 1. Complete a course of intravenous antibiotics. 2. Surgery to remove the tonsils. 3. 10 days of aerosolized ribavirin. 4. No intervention.

1. Complete a course of intravenous antibiotics.

Which statement about pneumonia is accurate? 1. Pneumonia is most frequently caused by bacterial agents. 2. Children with bacterial pneumonia are usually sicker than children with viral pneumonia. 3. Children with viral pneumonia are usually sicker than those with bacterial pneumonia. 4. Children with viral pneumonia must be treated with a complete course of antibiotics.

2. Children with bacterial pneumonia are usually sicker than children with viral pneumonia.

Which would be appropriate nursing care management of a child with the diagnosis of mononucleosis? 1. Only family visitors. 2. Bedrest. 3. Clear liquids. 4. Limited daily fluid intake.

1. Only family visitors.

What does the therapeutic management of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients include? Select all that apply. 1. Providing a high-protein, high-calorie diet. 2. Providing a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. 3. Encouraging exercise. 4. Minimizing pulmonary complication. 5. Encouraging medication compliance.

1. Providing a high-protein, high-calorie diet. 3. Encouraging exercise. 4. Minimizing pulmonary complication. 5. Encouraging medication compliance.

Which is the nurse's best response to parents who ask what impact asthma will have on the child's future in sports? 1. "As long as your child takes prescribed asthma medication, the child will be fine." 2. "The earlier a child is diagnosed with asthma, the more significant the symptoms." 3. "The earlier a child is diagnosed with asthma, the better the chance the child has of growing out of the disease." 4. "Your child should avoid playing contact sports and sports that require a lot of running."

2. "The earlier a child is diagnosed with asthma, the more significant the symptoms."

A school-age child has been diagnosed with strep throat. The parent asks the nurse when the child can return to school. Which is the nurse's best response?1. "Forty-eight hours after the first documented normal temperature." 2. "Twenty-four hours after the first dose of antibiotics." 3. "Forty-eight hours after the first dose of antibiotics." 4. "Twenty-four hours after the first documented normal temperature."

2. "Twenty-four hours after the first dose of antibiotics."

The parent of a child with frequent ear infections asks the nurse if there is anything that can be done to help avoid future ear infections. Which is the nurse's best response? 1. "Your child should be put on a daily dose of montelukast (Singulair)." 2. "Your child should be kept away from tobacco smoke." 3. "Your child should be kept away from other children with otitis media." 4. "Your child should always wear a hat when outside in the cold."

2. "Your child should be kept away from tobacco smoke."

Which child would benefit most from having ear tubes placed? Select all that apply. 1. A 9-month-old who has had one ear infection. 2. A 13-month old with recurrent ear infections. 3. A 2-year-old who has had five previous ear infections. 4. A 3-year-old whose sibling has had four ear infections. 5. A 7-year-old who has had two ear infections this year.

2. A 13-month old with recurrent ear infections. 3. A 2-year-old who has had five previous ear infections.

Which child is in the greatest need of emergency medical treatment? 1. A 3-year-old who has a barky cough, is afebrile, and has mild intercostal retractions. 2. A 6-year-old who has high fever, no spontaneous cough, and frog-like croaking. 3. A 7-year-old who has abrupt onset of moderate respiratory distress, a mild fever, and a barky cough. 4. A 13-year-old who has a high fever, stridor, and purulent secretions.

2. A 6-year-old who has high fever, no spontaneous cough, and frog-like croaking.

A 3-year-old is brought to the ED with coughing and gagging. The parent reports that the child was eating carrots when she began to gag. Which diagnostic evaluation will be used to determine whether the child has aspirated carrots? 1. Chest x-ray. 2. Bronchoscopy. 3. Arterial blood gas (ABG). 4. Sputum culture.

2. Bronchoscopy.

A 5-year-old is brought to the ED with a temperature of 99.5°F (37.5°C), a barky cough, stridor, and hoarseness. Which nursing intervention should the nurse prepare for? 1. Immediate IV placement. 2. Respiratory treatment of racemic epinephrine. 3. A tracheostomy set at the bedside. 4. Informing the child's parents about a tonsillectomy.

2. Respiratory treatment of racemic epinephrine.

Which would be an early sign of respiratory distress in a 2-month-old? 1. Breathing shallowly 2. Tachypnea 3. Tachycardia 4. Bradycardia

2. Tachypnea

A 7-month-old has a low-grade fever, nasal congestion, and a mild cough. What should the nursing care management of this child include? 1. Maintaining strict bedrest. 2. Avoiding contact with family members. 3. Instilling saline nose drops and bulb suctioning. 4. Keeping the head of the bed flat.

3. Instilling saline nose drops and bulb suctioning.

Which physical findings would be of most concern in an infant with respiratory distress? 1. Tachypnea 2. Mild retractions 3. Wheezing 4. Grunting

4. Grunting

A child with severe cerebral palsy is admitted to the hospital with aspiration pneumonia. What is the most beneficial educational information that the nurse can provide to the parents? 1. The signs and symptoms of aspiration pneumonia. 2. The treatment plan for aspiration pneumonia. 3. The risks associated with recurrent aspiration pneumonia. 4. The prevention of aspiration pneumonia.

4. The prevention of aspiration pneumonia.