pelvis ct

this is a bony protuberance of the inferior portion of the ischium which the body rest upon when seated

ischial tuberosity

what composes the pelvic girdle

two innominate bones

what is the length of the rectum

8 inches

where does the sartorious extend from and to

ASIS to the proximal medial tibia

at the level of the crest this vessel is to the right; these vessels are to the left

IVC; right and left common iliac arteries

this is a cup shaped point of union of the ilium, ischium, and pubic bones that serves as a cavity to contain the head of the femur

acetabulum

this is the flared portion of the ilium

ala

in females where is the uterus found

along the posterosuperior aspect of the bladder

what direction di the ureters head in

an anterior and medial direction

in reference to the vagina the urethra is (anterior or posterior)

anterior

inferior to the asis and psis are these

anterior inferior iliac spine, posterior inferior iliac spine

the superior portion of ilium ends anteriorly as the

asis

why might ureters with administration of contrast not be evident on every image of the pelvis

bc of peristalsis

where is the vagina situated

between the rectum posteriorly and the bladder anteriorly

this is the hollow reservoir for urine

bladder

this is the central region of the uterus

body

this is the midline anterior surface of the sacrum

body

what makes up the upper two-fifths of the acetabulum

body of the ilium

what forms the posterior inferior two fifths of the acetabulum

body of the ishium

this is a structure that encloses the pelvic organs

bony pelvis

these are two peas sized glands that are inferior to the prostate glands that have ducts leading into the urethra

bulbourethral or cowpers gland

this is the inferior and narrowed portion of the uterus

cervix

which are more anterior the common iliac arteries or common iliac veins

common iliac arteries

the internal and external iliac veins join and form this

common iliac veins

what is the function of cowpers glands

contribute to seminal fluid and lubricate the end of the penis during intercourse

this is a continuation of the transverse colon

descending colon

what portion of the small intestine is in the pelvic region

distal portion of the pelvic region

which arteries are more anterior external iliac or internal iliac arteries, this particular artery continues to ascend anteriorly

external iliac arteries

the femoral veins enter the anterior pelvic area and become this

external iliac veins

everything above and or anterior to the pelvic inlet is this (true or false pelvis)

false

this is the upper portion of the lower extremity

femur

these are fingerlike processes the extend from the edge of the infundibulum

fimbrae

this is the superior dome shape of the uterus

fundus

what are the three regions of the uterus

fundus, body, cervix

this muscle originates from the iliac crest, sacrum, and coccyx and inserts on the greater trochanter and linea alba of femur

gluteal maximus

these muscles originate from the ilium and insert on the greater trochanter

gluteal medius and gluteal minimus

muscles unique to the pelvic region include

gluteal, iliacus, and piriformis muscles

what do the internal iliac arteries mainly supply

gonadal organs

this is a large notch beneath the posterior inferiror iliac spine

greater sciatic notch

when fo the external iliac arteries turn in to the femoral arteries

half way between ASIS and pubis symphysis (when they enter the thighs)

the cervix is located at approx. what level

hip

this is the junction of the small intestine with the large intestine

ileocecal valve

what does the sacrum articulate with bilaterally?

ilia

the descending colon becomes the sigmoid colon at this level

iliac crest

this muscle originates from the iliac fossa&crest, and sacrum. it inserts into the psoas tendon

iliacus

at the level of the hip what muscle is medial to the sartorius

iliopsoas

the psoas muscle merge with the iliac to form this

iliopsoas

what is the upper most section of the hip bone

ilium

what three bones compose the hip and eventually fuse

ilium, ischium, and pubic bones

where is sperm & testosterone produced

in the testes

the appendix commonly extends in this direction

inferior and posteriorly to the cecum

this is the part of the ischium that extends anteriorly from the inferior tuberosity

inferior ramus of the ischium

what part of the pubic bone articulates with the inferior ramus of the ischial bone

inferior ramus of the pubis bone

this is a posteromedial extension of the ischium

ischial spine

what structures are involved in the urinary system

kidneys, bladder, urethra, ureters

where does the aorta bifurcate into the right and left common iliac arteries

l4

what does the sacrum articulate with superiorly?

l5

what are lateral to the sacral foramina

lateral masses

this muscle originates at symphysis pubis and inserts at the coccyx

levator ani

which level do the erector spina disappear

level of inferior sacrum

where is the bladder situated in males

posterior to symphysis pubis and anterior to the rectum

what are adnexa (adjoining parts) of the uterus

the ovaries and fallopian tubes

what are the borders of the pelvic inlet

the superior aspect of symphysis pubis and the superior anterior rim of the sacrum

the ascending colon turns into this

the transverse colon

what join together to form the ejaculatory duct

the vas deferens and the seminal vesicals

what is the dual function of the prostate gland

to prevent urine from mixing with seminal fluid during ejaculation and contribute 25% of fluid to semen

what is the function of the seminal vesicles that are located on either side of the posterior lower bladder

to produce 60% of the fluid in semen

what is the function of the ovaries

to secrete estrogen and progesterone and to bring to maturation and release the female ovum

where is the descending aorta seen

to the left of and slightly anterior to the vertebrae

true or false the ilium fkares outward in an anterior direction

true

true or false the vas deferens ascend within the pelvic cavity anterior to the bladder and then pass along the upper lateral aspect of the bladder and bend to descend on either side of the posterior bladder

true

everything below and or posterior to the pelvic inlet is this (true or false pelvis)

true pelvis

the urethra in a male is a passage way for what two systems

urinary and reproductive (passage for seminal fluid)

these are tubular structures the extend from the superior lateral aspect of the uterus in a lateral direction and terminate in the infundibulum

uterine tubes

in a femal this is an irregular shaped area of opacity anterior to the rectum and appears to indent the posterior bladder

uterus

this is similar in size and shape to an inverted pair

uterus

this is the receptacle for the penis during intercourse and the passage way for blood flow during menses and the infant during child birth

vagina

what separates the bladder from the rectum in females

vagina

the distal end of the vagina has an external opeing called this

vaginal orifice

what are considered part of the vuvla

vaginal orifice and urethral orifice

these are seen as linear opacities on either side of the posterior bladder in males

vas deferens

this is the external female genitalia

vulva

what forms the IVC; at what level

when the right and left common iliac veins join;l5

how long are the ureters

10-12 in

the appendix averages this length

3 inches

how many gluteal muscles are there; what are they

3; gluteal maximus, gluteal mediaus, and gluteal minimus

how many bones fuse together to form the coccyx

4

these are small branches off the common iliac veins that become the azygos and hemiazygo veins

lumbar veins

what are the femal reproductive organs (one is not in the pelvis region)

mammary glands, uterus, ovaries, uterine tubesm vagina, vulva

this is the sloughing off of the lining of the uterus at the end of a menstrual cycle

menstration

are th cowpers glands visible on ct axial images

no

do the fimbrae touch the ovaries

no

the acetabulum and rami of the pubic bone and ischium encircle an opening called this

obturator foramen

these appear as small rounded areas of opacity on either side of the uterus on axial ct images

ovaries

what are lateral to the uterus

ovaries

these bilateral muscles are lateral to the rami and originate from the pubic bone and insert between the lesser trochanter and linea alba of the femur

pectineus muscle

the transverse colon may swoom down to this level of the pelvis

pelvic brim

this is a large aperture central to the hip bone

pelvic inlet

this muscle originates at the anterior sacrum and inserts at the greater trochanter

pirifomis

is the prostate gland posterior or anterior to symphysis pubis

posterior

this is the largest accessory gland of the male reproductive system

prostate gland

the ejaculatory ducts empty into this part of the urethra

prostatic urethra

this section of the urethra is encircled by the prostate gland

prostatic urethra

the superior portion of the ilium ends posteriorly

psis

what muscles are in both the pelvic and abdomen

rectus abdominus, erector spinae, bilateral psoas

this muscle originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine & superior to the acetabulum. it inserts on the patella

rectus femoris

what is immediately posterior to the sartorius

rectus femorus

peritoneal or retroperitoneal: ascending colon

retroperitoneal

peritoneal or retroperitoneal: descending colon

retroperitoneal

these return deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities

right and left femoral veins

these are the 8 opeinings bilaterally on the sacrum

sacral foramina

this is the upper broad edge of the sacrum

sacral promontory

the medial edge of the ilium joins with the lateral edge of the sacrum to create this

sacroiliac joint

this is a triangulated bone made of five fused vertebrae with a concave anterior surface

sacrum

what is the bony pelvis composed of

sacrum, coccyx, 2 innominate bones

this is the longest muscle in the body

sartorius

what is the most anterior muscle of the hip

sartorius

these are seen as oval areas of opacity directly behind the bladder in males

seminal vesicles

where is the IVC located

slightly to the right of and anterior to the vertebrae

this makes up the remaining one fifth of the acetabulum

superior ramus of the pubic bone

the bodies of the right and left pubic bones join anteriorly to form this slightly moveable joint

symphysis pubis

what allows for better visualization of the vagina during a axial ct

tampon insertion

these are muscles that originate from the iliac crest bilaterally and insert on proximal lateral femur

tensors

what is the male reproductive system composed of

testis in the scrotum, epididymis, ductus van deferens, seminal vesivals, ejaculatory duct, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands & urethra

where does the rectum begin and end

the brim of the pelvis; ends at the distal coccyx

what does the sacrum articulate with inferiorly

the coccyx

where does the vagina begin

the distal end of the uterus (cervix)

what do the common iliac arteries bifurcate into; at what level does this occur

the external and interal iliac arteries; at the level of the lumbosacral joint

this is where the cervix and vagina meet and there is a recess

the fornix