Penny Chapter 19 The Menstrual Cycle
Ovulation typically occurs on day... of the menstrual cycle
14
the graafian follicle can grow as large as...
2.7cm
endometrial thickness during early proliferative phase
4-8mm
endometrial thickness during periovulatory (late proliferative) phase
6-10mm
endometrial thickness during the secretory phase
7-14mm
progesterone negatively inhibits the production of ... by the anterior pituitary gland, resulting in the regression of the corpus luteum
LH
a change in menstrual bleeding associated with lesions within the uterus relates to
abnormal uterine bleeding
ectopic endometrial tissue within the myometrium of the uterus
adenomyosis
the proliferative phase occurs.... and lasts until....
after menstruation, ovulation
follicle-stimulating hormone is produced by the
anterior pituitary gland
gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates the release of hormones by the ....
anterior pituitary gland
luteinizing hormone is produced by the
anterior pituitary gland
the hypothalamus regulates the release of hormones by the...
anterior pituitary gland
all other follicles undergo...
atresia
after the corpus luteum has regressed, which structure remains?
corpus albicans
can be seen sonographicallly as a small echogenic scar on the ovary
corpus albicans
the remaining structure of the corpus luteum post regression is termed the...
corpus albicans
the temporary endocrine gland that results from the rupture of the graafian follicle is the
corpus luteum
the structure noted within the graafian follicle containing the developing ovum is the
cumulus oophorus
which hormone released by the ovary during the proliferative phase stimulates endometrial thickening?
estrogen
the ovary produces what two hormones during the menstrual cycle?
estrogen and progesterone
the corpus luteum produces small amounts of .... and large amounts of ...
estrogen, progesterone
the ovum is picked up by the fimbria of the fallopian tube and is propelled through the tube, either to be..., ..., or ....
fertilized, resorbed by the body, passed with menstruation
one of the more common suspicions in AUB is the presence of ... or .... within or abutting the uterine cavity
fibroid tumors, leiomyomas
the anterior pituitary gland releases which two hormones that influence the menstrual cycle?
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH)
FSH causes the development of multiple... on the ovaries
follicles
the first phase of the ovarian cycle is the
follicular phase
the dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed the
graafian follicle
the corpus luteum is maintained during pregnancy by which hormone?
human chorionic gonadotropin
the two layers of the endometrium
inner functional layer, outer basal layer
the periovulatory phase may also be referred to as the
late proliferative phase
the hormone that is responsible for ovulation is
luteinizing hormone
the first menstrual cycle is termed
menarche
during the second half of the menstrual cycle, following ovulation, ... is produced by the corpus luteum of the ovary
progesterone
the corpus luteum primarily releases
progesterone
which of the following hormones is released by the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle?
progesterone
the first phase of the endometrial cycle is the
proliferative phase
the endometrial cycle consists of what two phases?
proliferative, secretory
the arteries within the functional layer of the endometrium that are altered by the hormones of the ovary are the
spiral arteries
the cells that surround the blastocyst
synctiotrophoblastic cells (trophoblastic cells)
during which half of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium undergo thickening?
the first
the first day of the menstrual cycle is said to occur on...
the first day of bleeding
the late proliferative phase is also known as
the periovulatory phase
during which half of the menstrual cycle does progesterone maintain the thickness of the endometrium in preparation for implantation?
the second
the .... produce hCG
trohphoblastic cells
the two phases of the proliferative phase
early and late
the hormone of the pituitary gland that stimulates follicular development of the ovary is
follicle-stimulating hormone
ovulation occurs typically on day...
14
the luteal phase lasts from day... to day....
15,28
fertilization typically occurs on day ..., with the union of the egg and sperm in the fallopian tube
15
the hypothalamus release what hormone?
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
while numerous follicles manifest, only one follicle will be maintained and become the.... prior to ovulation
graafian follicle or dominant follicle
following ovulation, the ovary begins the ... phase while the endometrium enters the ... phase
luteal, secretory
LH surges around day... of the menstrual cycle
14
.... induces salt and water retention within the endometrium
estrogen
following menses, the ovary is in the ... phase while the endometrium is in the ... phase
follicular, proliferative
the ... layer provides an appropriate location for implantation to occur
functional
the hormone produced by the hypothalamus that controls the release of the hormones for menstruation by the anterior pituitary gland is
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
the two hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland that impact the menstrual cycle are
luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
what is progesterone responsible for?
maintaining the thickness of the endometrium and inducing its secretory activity as it is prepared for implantation
days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle correlate with... at which time the endometrium is shed
menses
ectopic endometrial tissue within the uterus that leads to abnormal uterine bleeding is termed
adenomyosis
after the graafian follicle ruptures, it is temporarily turned into an endocrine gland in the form of the ....
corpus luteum
the hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta is
human chorionic gonadotropin
the area of within the brain that is located just beneath the thalamus
hypothalamus
the graafian follicle contains the developing...
oocyte (egg)
what are the two phases of the ovarian cycle?
the follicular phase and the luteal phase
the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle is considered to begin on day ... and lasts until day ..., ending with ovulation
1, 14
should fertilization not take place, menses begins on day... of the cycle, resulting from a lack of estrogen and progesterone
1
the average menstrual cycle lasts
28 days
the average menstrual cycle lasts...
28 days
the measurement of the endometrium during the proliferative phase ranges from
4-8mm
what stimulates ovulation?
LH
the ... layer consists of dense, cellular stroma
basal
if fertilization does occur, the endometrial thickness is maintained by the production of progesterone by the ....
corpus luteum of pregnancy
the oocyte develops in a region called the...
cumulus oophorus
endocrine abnormalities that cause abnormal vaginal bleeding are related to
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
painful and difficult menstruation is termed
dysmenorrhea
an increase in the number of endometrial cells is termed
endometrial hyperplasia
the second phase of the ovarian cycle is called the
luteal phase
the pituitary gland is also known as the...
master gland
the second phase of the endometrial cycle is the
secretory phase
estrogen initiates the proliferation and thickening of the endometrium by encouraging the growth and expansion of the... and... within the functional layer of the endometrium
spiral arteries, glands
estrogen is produced by
the theca internal cells of the secondary follicles