Penny Ultrasound OB review
conditions for normal scoring thoracic movement in a BPP
At least one episode of simulated fetal breathing lasting at least 30 seconds
the complete expulsion or partial expulsion of the conceptus
abortion
inflammation of the appendix
acute appendicitis
a condition of having an abnormal number of chromosomes
aneuploid
conditions for normal scoring fetal tone in a BPP
at least one flexion to extension of a limb or one hand opening and closing
conditions for normal scoring amniotic fluid in a BPP
at least one pocket of fluid that measures 2 cm in vertical diameter in two perpendicular planes
the stage of the conceptus that implants within the decidualized endometrium
blastocyst
of the following forms of fetal presentation, which is the most common?
cephalic
physiologic ovarian cyst that develops after ovulation has occurred
corpus luteum cyst
the level of human chorionic gonadotropin beyond which an intrauterine pregnancy is consistently visible
discriminatory zone
another name for the double decidual sign
double sac sign
another name for the menstrual age
gestational age
pregnant
gravid
mass that result from spina bifida that contains the spinal cord and the meninges
myelomeningocele
the anechoic space along the posterior aspect of the fetal neck
nuchal translucency
the anechoic space along the posterior aspect of the fetal neck is the
nuchal translucency
extreme paleness of the skin
pallor
the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus describes:
placenta abruption
in second trimester, painless vaginal bleeding is most often associated with...
placenta previa
the clinical manifestations of supine hypotensive syndrome includes:
tachycardia, nausea, pallor
which best describes the optimal instance to take the femur length measurement?
when the long axis of the femoral shaft is perpendicular to the sound beam
first trimester measurements
yolk sac, gestational sac, crown rump length, nuchal translucency
first trimester is weeks ... through ...
1, 12
the second trimester typically refers to weeks
13 through 26
second trimester is weeks ... through ....
13, 26
the triple screen maternal blood test is preformed between .. and ... gestational weeks
15, 20
a pregnancy may last up to ... weeks
42
third trimester is weeks ... through ...
27, 42
typically, a ... to ... MHz transducer will allow sufficient penetration in most pregnant patients
3, 5
first trimester sonograms may require the use of a ... to ... MHz or higher TV transducer
5, 10
the highest possible sonographic score of a BPP is ... points, or ... points for each criterion accomplished, and if combined with a nonstress test, the highest possible score is a ...
8, 2, 10
a normal pregnancy last form ... months, ... weeks, or .... days
9, 40, 280
a pregnant patient that presents with RLQ pain could be suffering from co-existing... or...
acute appendicitis, gallstones
the area located posterior to the broad ligaments, adjacent to the uterus, which contains the ovaries and fallopian tubes
adnexa
the sonographic sign which describes the appearance of an ectopic pregnancy within the fallopian tube
adnexal ring sign
which of the following would not be decreased in presence of Edwards syndrome? estriol, human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, all would be decreased
all would be decreased
a protein produced by the fetal yolk sac, fetal gastrointestinal tract, and the fetal liver; may also be produced by some malignant tumors
alpha-fetoprotein
all of the following are produced by the placenta except: alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, prenancy-associated plasma protein a, inhibin a
alpha-fetoprotein
the protein that is produced by the yolk sac, fetal gastrointestinal tract, and the fetal liver is:
alpha-fetoprotein
the inner sac which contains the embryo and amniotic fluid; echogenic curvilinear structure that may be seen during the first trimester within the gestational sac
amnion
the longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube; area of the tube in which fertilization takes place and a common location for ectopic pregnancies to implant
ampulla (fallopian tube)
an abnormal pregnancy in which there is no evidence of a fetal pole or yolk sac within the gestational sac; also referred to as a blighted ovum
anembryonic gestation
which of the following would not typically produce an elevation in human chorionic gonadotropin?
anembryonic pregnancy
conditions for normal scoring fetal movements in a BPP
at least three or more gross fetal movements (simultaneous trunk and limb movement)
conditions for normal scoring nonstress test in a BPP
at least two fetal heart accelerations (more than 15 beats per minute more than 15 sec together with one fetal movement)
a low heart rate
bradycardia
the most malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease with possible metastasis to the liver, lungs, and vagina
choriocarcinoma
the outer membrane of a gestation that surrounds the amnion and developing embryo
chorion
the part of the chorion, covered by chorionic villi, that is the fetal contribution of the placenta
chorion frondosum
the space between the chorionic sac and amniotic sac that contains the secondary yolk sac; also referred to as the extraembryonic coelom
chorionic cavity
the gestational sac; also chorion
chorionic sac
fingerlike projections of gestational itissue that attatch to the decidualized endometrium and allow transfer of nutrients from the mother to the fetus
chorionic villi
specialized cells within the ventricular system responsible for cerebrospinal fluid production
choroid plexus
the combination of a female ovum with a male sperm to produce a zygote; also referred to as fertilization
conception
a physiologic cyst that develops after ovulation has occurred
corpus luteum cyst
the most common pelvic mass associated with pregnancy is the ... of the ovary
corpus luteum cyst
the physiologic ovarian cyst that develops after ovulation has occured is the
corpus luteum cyst
the corpus luteum that is maintained during an early pregnancy for the purpose of producing estrogen and progesterone
corpus luteum of pregnancy
the measurement of the embryo/fetus from the top of the head to the rump
crown rump length
the endometrial tissue at the implantation site, and the maternal contribution of the placenta
decidua basalis
the physiologic effect on the endometrium in the presence of a pregnancy
decidual reaction
typically, with a miscarriage, the serum human chorionic gonadotropin value will be:
decreased
the normal sonographic appearance of the decidua capsularis and the decidua parietalis, separated by the anechoic fluid-filled uterine cavity
double decidual sign
which of the following would most likely be associated with elevation in maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein? anencephaly, down syndrome, meningocele, myelomeningocele
down syndrome
typically with anencephaly, the maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein value will be
elevated
typically, with gastroschisis, the maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein value will be:
elevated
second and third trimester transabdominal ultrasounds require a(n) ... bladder
empty
transvaginal first trimester ultrasounds require a(n) ... bladder
empty
an estrogenic hormone produced by the placenta
estriol
all of the following are observed during a biophysical profile except: fetal tone, thoracic movement, fetal breathing, fetal circulation
fetal circulation
what is the fetal presentation when the fetal buttocks are closest to the cervix referred to?
frank breech
something that is idiopathic is said to be
from an unknown cause
first trimester transabdominal ultrasounds require a(n) ... bladder
full
a hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta; may also be used as a tumor marker in nongravid patients and males
human chorionic gonadotropin
the triple screen typically includes an analysis of
human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, and estriol
the dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidney(s) to the bladder; also referred to as pelvocaliectasis
hydronephrosis
the dilation of the renal collecting system secondary to the obstruction of normal urine flow defines:
hydronephrosis
from an unknown origin
idiopathic
a peptide hormone secreted by the placenta during pregnancy
inhibin a
fetal presentation is determined upon the fetal part closest to the
internal os of the cervix
the herniation of the cranial or spinal meninges due to an open cranial or spinal defect
meningocele
an abnormality that results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection, consequently cutting off the blood supply to the ovary
ovarian torsion
which of the following is also referred to as trisomy13?
patau syndrome
painless second trimester vaginal bleeding is most often associated with:
placenta previa
when the placenta covers or nearly covers the internal os of the cervix
placenta previa
in second trimeseter, painful vaginal bleeding may occur as a result of ...
placental abruption
the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus
placental abruption
which artifact listed below is produced when the sound beam is barely attenuated through a fluid or a fluid containing structure? reverberation artifact, comet tail artifact, posterior shadowing, posterior enhancement
posterior enhancement
which artifact listed below is caused by attenuation? reverberation artifact, comet tail artifact, posterior shadowing, posterior enhancement
posterior shadowing
a protein that is produced by the placenta
pregnancy-associated plasma protein A
the quadruple screen included an analysis of all the following except
pregnancy-associated plasma protein A
a maternal blood test that includes an analysis of human chorionic gonadotropin, alphafetoprotein, estriol, and inhibin A
quadruple screen
the sonographer can assist the patient with supine hypotensive syndrome in a ... or ... position to alleviate symptoms
right lateral, left lateral
a myelomeningocele is associated with
spina bifida
a reduction in blood return to the maternal heart caused by the gravid uterus compressing the maternal inferior vena cava
supine hypotensive syndrome
the reduction in blood return to the maternal heart caused by the gravid uterus compressing the maternal inferior vena cava describes
supine hypotensive syndrome
the abdominal circumference should include all of the following except: the fetal stomach, the fetal thoracic spine, the umbilical vein, the kidneys
the kidneys
all of the following may be visualized at the correct level of the head circumference except:
third ventricle
a maternal blood test that typically included an analysis of human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, and estriol
triple screen
