Penny Ultrasound OB review

conditions for normal scoring thoracic movement in a BPP

At least one episode of simulated fetal breathing lasting at least 30 seconds

the complete expulsion or partial expulsion of the conceptus

abortion

inflammation of the appendix

acute appendicitis

a condition of having an abnormal number of chromosomes

aneuploid

conditions for normal scoring fetal tone in a BPP

at least one flexion to extension of a limb or one hand opening and closing

conditions for normal scoring amniotic fluid in a BPP

at least one pocket of fluid that measures 2 cm in vertical diameter in two perpendicular planes

the stage of the conceptus that implants within the decidualized endometrium

blastocyst

of the following forms of fetal presentation, which is the most common?

cephalic

physiologic ovarian cyst that develops after ovulation has occurred

corpus luteum cyst

the level of human chorionic gonadotropin beyond which an intrauterine pregnancy is consistently visible

discriminatory zone

another name for the double decidual sign

double sac sign

another name for the menstrual age

gestational age

pregnant

gravid

mass that result from spina bifida that contains the spinal cord and the meninges

myelomeningocele

the anechoic space along the posterior aspect of the fetal neck

nuchal translucency

the anechoic space along the posterior aspect of the fetal neck is the

nuchal translucency

extreme paleness of the skin

pallor

the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus describes:

placenta abruption

in second trimester, painless vaginal bleeding is most often associated with...

placenta previa

the clinical manifestations of supine hypotensive syndrome includes:

tachycardia, nausea, pallor

which best describes the optimal instance to take the femur length measurement?

when the long axis of the femoral shaft is perpendicular to the sound beam

first trimester measurements

yolk sac, gestational sac, crown rump length, nuchal translucency

first trimester is weeks ... through ...

1, 12

the second trimester typically refers to weeks

13 through 26

second trimester is weeks ... through ....

13, 26

the triple screen maternal blood test is preformed between .. and ... gestational weeks

15, 20

a pregnancy may last up to ... weeks

42

third trimester is weeks ... through ...

27, 42

typically, a ... to ... MHz transducer will allow sufficient penetration in most pregnant patients

3, 5

first trimester sonograms may require the use of a ... to ... MHz or higher TV transducer

5, 10

the highest possible sonographic score of a BPP is ... points, or ... points for each criterion accomplished, and if combined with a nonstress test, the highest possible score is a ...

8, 2, 10

a normal pregnancy last form ... months, ... weeks, or .... days

9, 40, 280

a pregnant patient that presents with RLQ pain could be suffering from co-existing... or...

acute appendicitis, gallstones

the area located posterior to the broad ligaments, adjacent to the uterus, which contains the ovaries and fallopian tubes

adnexa

the sonographic sign which describes the appearance of an ectopic pregnancy within the fallopian tube

adnexal ring sign

which of the following would not be decreased in presence of Edwards syndrome? estriol, human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, all would be decreased

all would be decreased

a protein produced by the fetal yolk sac, fetal gastrointestinal tract, and the fetal liver; may also be produced by some malignant tumors

alpha-fetoprotein

all of the following are produced by the placenta except: alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, prenancy-associated plasma protein a, inhibin a

alpha-fetoprotein

the protein that is produced by the yolk sac, fetal gastrointestinal tract, and the fetal liver is:

alpha-fetoprotein

the inner sac which contains the embryo and amniotic fluid; echogenic curvilinear structure that may be seen during the first trimester within the gestational sac

amnion

the longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube; area of the tube in which fertilization takes place and a common location for ectopic pregnancies to implant

ampulla (fallopian tube)

an abnormal pregnancy in which there is no evidence of a fetal pole or yolk sac within the gestational sac; also referred to as a blighted ovum

anembryonic gestation

which of the following would not typically produce an elevation in human chorionic gonadotropin?

anembryonic pregnancy

conditions for normal scoring fetal movements in a BPP

at least three or more gross fetal movements (simultaneous trunk and limb movement)

conditions for normal scoring nonstress test in a BPP

at least two fetal heart accelerations (more than 15 beats per minute more than 15 sec together with one fetal movement)

a low heart rate

bradycardia

the most malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease with possible metastasis to the liver, lungs, and vagina

choriocarcinoma

the outer membrane of a gestation that surrounds the amnion and developing embryo

chorion

the part of the chorion, covered by chorionic villi, that is the fetal contribution of the placenta

chorion frondosum

the space between the chorionic sac and amniotic sac that contains the secondary yolk sac; also referred to as the extraembryonic coelom

chorionic cavity

the gestational sac; also chorion

chorionic sac

fingerlike projections of gestational itissue that attatch to the decidualized endometrium and allow transfer of nutrients from the mother to the fetus

chorionic villi

specialized cells within the ventricular system responsible for cerebrospinal fluid production

choroid plexus

the combination of a female ovum with a male sperm to produce a zygote; also referred to as fertilization

conception

a physiologic cyst that develops after ovulation has occurred

corpus luteum cyst

the most common pelvic mass associated with pregnancy is the ... of the ovary

corpus luteum cyst

the physiologic ovarian cyst that develops after ovulation has occured is the

corpus luteum cyst

the corpus luteum that is maintained during an early pregnancy for the purpose of producing estrogen and progesterone

corpus luteum of pregnancy

the measurement of the embryo/fetus from the top of the head to the rump

crown rump length

the endometrial tissue at the implantation site, and the maternal contribution of the placenta

decidua basalis

the physiologic effect on the endometrium in the presence of a pregnancy

decidual reaction

typically, with a miscarriage, the serum human chorionic gonadotropin value will be:

decreased

the normal sonographic appearance of the decidua capsularis and the decidua parietalis, separated by the anechoic fluid-filled uterine cavity

double decidual sign

which of the following would most likely be associated with elevation in maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein? anencephaly, down syndrome, meningocele, myelomeningocele

down syndrome

typically with anencephaly, the maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein value will be

elevated

typically, with gastroschisis, the maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein value will be:

elevated

second and third trimester transabdominal ultrasounds require a(n) ... bladder

empty

transvaginal first trimester ultrasounds require a(n) ... bladder

empty

an estrogenic hormone produced by the placenta

estriol

all of the following are observed during a biophysical profile except: fetal tone, thoracic movement, fetal breathing, fetal circulation

fetal circulation

what is the fetal presentation when the fetal buttocks are closest to the cervix referred to?

frank breech

something that is idiopathic is said to be

from an unknown cause

first trimester transabdominal ultrasounds require a(n) ... bladder

full

a hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta; may also be used as a tumor marker in nongravid patients and males

human chorionic gonadotropin

the triple screen typically includes an analysis of

human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, and estriol

the dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidney(s) to the bladder; also referred to as pelvocaliectasis

hydronephrosis

the dilation of the renal collecting system secondary to the obstruction of normal urine flow defines:

hydronephrosis

from an unknown origin

idiopathic

a peptide hormone secreted by the placenta during pregnancy

inhibin a

fetal presentation is determined upon the fetal part closest to the

internal os of the cervix

the herniation of the cranial or spinal meninges due to an open cranial or spinal defect

meningocele

an abnormality that results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection, consequently cutting off the blood supply to the ovary

ovarian torsion

which of the following is also referred to as trisomy13?

patau syndrome

painless second trimester vaginal bleeding is most often associated with:

placenta previa

when the placenta covers or nearly covers the internal os of the cervix

placenta previa

in second trimeseter, painful vaginal bleeding may occur as a result of ...

placental abruption

the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus

placental abruption

which artifact listed below is produced when the sound beam is barely attenuated through a fluid or a fluid containing structure? reverberation artifact, comet tail artifact, posterior shadowing, posterior enhancement

posterior enhancement

which artifact listed below is caused by attenuation? reverberation artifact, comet tail artifact, posterior shadowing, posterior enhancement

posterior shadowing

a protein that is produced by the placenta

pregnancy-associated plasma protein A

the quadruple screen included an analysis of all the following except

pregnancy-associated plasma protein A

a maternal blood test that includes an analysis of human chorionic gonadotropin, alphafetoprotein, estriol, and inhibin A

quadruple screen

the sonographer can assist the patient with supine hypotensive syndrome in a ... or ... position to alleviate symptoms

right lateral, left lateral

a myelomeningocele is associated with

spina bifida

a reduction in blood return to the maternal heart caused by the gravid uterus compressing the maternal inferior vena cava

supine hypotensive syndrome

the reduction in blood return to the maternal heart caused by the gravid uterus compressing the maternal inferior vena cava describes

supine hypotensive syndrome

the abdominal circumference should include all of the following except: the fetal stomach, the fetal thoracic spine, the umbilical vein, the kidneys

the kidneys

all of the following may be visualized at the correct level of the head circumference except:

third ventricle

a maternal blood test that typically included an analysis of human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, and estriol

triple screen