Period 4 APUSH
Red Jacket, Iroquois American Indian chief in New York, speech to a missionary from Massachusetts and a United States diplomat, 1805 The excerpt could best be used by historians studying the
resistance against the expansion of United States influence, Red Jacket's expression in the excerpt of his desire to maintain traditional Iroquois religious practices best helps historians interpret the ways in which American Indians resisted attempts by the United States to expand its influence over themselves and their homelands.
Election of 1800
Adam vs. Jefferson
Sean Wilentz, historian, The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln, published in 2005 Which of the following claims is supported by the author's main argument in the excerpt?
Andrew Jackson can be blamed for the unintended effects of Indian removal. the claim that Jackson can be blamed for unintended effects of Indian removal supports Wilentz's argument in the excerpt that Jackson bears responsibility for the suffering inflicted on American Indian peoples because of the policies he implemented.
stephanie M. H. Camp, historian, Closer to Freedom: Enslaved Women and Everyday Resistance in the Plantation South, 2004 Which of the following could best be used as evidence to support the argument in the third paragraph of the excerpt that enslaved people engaged in oppositional activities?
Enslaved African Americans routinely caused tools to break or worked more slowly as means of resistance. The breaking of tools was another documented example of slave resistance like the illicit parties described in the excerpt.
Daniel Walker Howe, historian, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, published in 2007 Which of the following describes a piece of evidence used by Howe to support his overall argument about the motivations of religious reformers?
They desired to teach people personal autonomy. In the second paragraph, Howe provides evidence that prison reformers sought to cultivate personal autonomy in order to argue that religious reformers were motivated by a desire to redeem people by teaching self-discipline.
Textile Mills
the factories where cloth is made workers were women and girls.
Market Revolution
the major change in the US economy produced by people's beginning to buy and sell goods rather than make them for themselves
The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company, petition to the United States Congress, 1809 At the time the petition was produced, Congress most likely interpreted the petition's purpose as
Congress would not have interpreted the petition as calling for the end to commercial relations with Great Britain. While the Jay Treaty (1795) reestablishing commercial relations with Great Britain had been controversial and the excerpt from the petition emphasized domestic economic activity, in the early 1800s most Americans desired to maintain United States trade with all European nations as a neutral party.
Revolution of 1800
Jeffersonian Democracy- appealed to common man, removed all internal taxes, repealed alien and sedition acts
Louisiana territory
Napolean (France), u.s purchased the entire Louisana territory for 15 million dollars
The expansion of participatory democracy in the Jacksonian era most likely influenced the Second Great Awakening by
giving rise to individualistic beliefs As more White male Americans saw their political participation expand, they began to believe that individuals should have a greater role in democracy and political decision making, which in turn influenced the emphasis in the Second Great Awakening on personal salvation.
Walter Johnson, historian, River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom, 2013 In the first half of the 1800s, which of the following resulted from the debates about the cotton economy described in the excerpt?
A distinct Southern economic and cultural identity emerged. As the Southern economy became based around the production and export of a few agricultural staples like cotton, a distinctive southern culture and identity emerged in stark contrast to that of the North.
William Cullen Bryant, book review in the North American Review, 1818 The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following developments?
he creation of a unique American culture The excerpt highlights the increasing skill of United States authors and the desire to popularize United States literature, which provides evidence of the beginning of an American national culture.
Stephanie M. H. Camp, historian, Closer to Freedom: Enslaved Women and Everyday Resistance in the Plantation South, 2004 Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to modify the argument in the excerpt that many enslaved people engaged in oppositional activities?
large-scale rebellions by enslaved African Americans in the first half of the 1800s were largely unsuccessful. although the excerpt argues that many slaves engaged in oppositional activities, most of this opposition was hidden. Open opposition such as that expressed in slave rebellions was largely unsuccessful.
what is Jefferson point of view of government in his first inaugural address 1801
government saw limited involvement with the lives of United States citizens. He argued in the excerpt that "a wise and frugal Government . . . shall leave [its people] otherwise free to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement."
Daniel Walker Howe, historian, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, published in 2007 A piece of evidence used by Howe in the second paragraph of the excerpt to support his argument about the goals of prison reform was that prison reformers
intended to use prisons to rehabilitate criminals In the second paragraph of the excerpt, Howe provides evidence that prison reformers believed prisons should serve a "corrective" function to support his argument that their goal was to encourage personal redemption.
Political Parties- Whigs
people who opposed Jackson
Walter Johnson, historian, River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom, 2013 Which of the following most directly contributed to the development described in the excerpt?
A belief by southern businessmen that the southern economy should focus on the export of select agricultural products The overproduction of cotton that is described in the excerpt resulted directly from southern business leaders promoting its production and export to a global market
Which of the following best explains a major reason for the emergence of the Second Great Awakening in the United States?
the rise of individualistic and evangelical spiritual beliefs inspired religious conversion. In the early decades of United States independence, ideas of human equality with the divine promoted new egalitarian religious views. Many itinerant ministers engaged in evangelical preaching to attract new religious believers of any background or class.
Nullification Crisis
A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by the Ordinance of Nullification, an attempt by the state of South Carolina to nullify a federal law - the tariff of 1828 - passed by the United States Congress.
Marbury vs. Madison
Established judicial review, Marbury claimed his right to a position as federal judged based on law, supreme court said this law was unconstitutional
Andrew Jackson
(1829-1833) and (1833-1837), Indian removal act, nullification crisis, Old Hickory," first southern/ western president," President for the common man," pet banks, spoils system, specie circular, trail of tears, Henry Clay Flectural Process.
Changes in ideas about men's and women's gender roles in the family, resulting from the market revolution, most directly contributed to which of the following shifts in American social practices during the same period?
A new emphasis on the separation between the public and private spheres, The growth of the separate spheres ideology, which made distinctions between the domestic or private sphere of the home associated with women and the public sphere of work and politics associated with men, became a major result of the market revolution.
Monroe Doctrine
A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.
The Second Great Awakening was most directly related to which of the following other historical developments of the early nineteenth century?
Challenges to Enlightenment views of rationalism The religious revivalism of the Second Great Awakening challenged existing Enlightenment views of rationalism, which sought to teach reason (rather than spiritual growth) as the single greatest purpose of having knowledge.
The Second Great Awakening
Christians push for social reforms. Feminization of religion -women could participate and were respected -did christian work because they weren't allowed in political influence -main leaders of reform movement
what describes the political situation in which Jefferson gave the inaugural address
In 1800, he became the first Democratic-Republican to be elected president (after twelve years of Federalist administrations) and brought the first transition of executive authority from one party to another in United States history.
Sectionalism between the North and the South- Issue over Slavery (When was importation of Slaves outlawed in US?)
North- rise of factory's and growth of city's south- cash crop economy(king cotton) slave importation ended in 1808(slave trade compromise)
Sean Wilentz, historian, The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln, published in 2005 Which of the following pieces of evidence would best refute Jackson's claim about his predecessors' policies toward American Indians, as described in the first paragraph of the excerpt?
President George Washington enforced treaties guaranteeing American Indians in New York rights to their land. Evidence that George Washington enforced treaties to guarantee American Indians rights to their land in New York would refute Jackson's claim that earlier presidents had mistreated American Indians.
Reform Movements-include but not limited to Abolitionist, Feminist,Transcendentalist
Prison reforms, Temperance movements, education reforms, cult of domesticity 4 cardnal rules, Declartion of sentiments.
Red Jacket, Iroquois American Indian chief in New York, speech to a missionary from Massachusetts and a United States diplomat, 1805 Which of the following best explains how the purpose of the speech in the excerpt was interpreted by federal officials?
Red Jacket sought to protect Iroquois independence from the United States. Red Jacket's expression in the excerpt of his desire to reject Christianization by United States officials would have been interpreted as an attempt to maintain Iroquois independence from the United States. Engaging in missionary efforts was one strategy pursued by the United States in the nineteenth century to reduce the autonomy of American Indian nations.
The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company, petition to the United States Congress, 1809 Which of the following best describes a historian's likely interpretation of the situation in which the excerpt was produced in the early 1800s?
Some Americans promoted international strength through a unified national economy, Based on the discussion of the perceived "hostility" of other nations in the third paragraph, a historian would likely interpret the situation in which the excerpt was produced as one in which some Americans promoted measures to unify the national economy in order to project strength internationally.
The expansion of suffrage to most adult White men in the early nineteenth century most directly resulted in which of the following?
The growth of new political parties, As the status of being an adult White male, rather than property ownership, became the basis for voting rights in the early nineteenth century, civic participation increased and political parties more actively sought to speak for newly enfranchised voters.
The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company, petition to the United States Congress, 1809 The petition could best be used as evidence by historians studying which of the following?
The ideas that led some Americans to advocate for improved transportation, the discussion by the leaders of a canal company of the reasons to support canal construction could best be used by historians studying the ideas that led some Americans to advocate for improved transportation.
what describes the context from which the ideas expressed in Jefferson's inaugural address emerged?
discussion in his address of the advantages of the United States in the early 1800s occurred in the context of the desire of many political leaders to encourage expanded agriculture and increased trade.
The expansion of suffrage to most adult White men by the 1820s and 1830s most directly contributed to the
emergence of political rallies and events to encourage people to vote for particular parties as political participation came to be more often based on being an adult White male rather than property ownership, parties sought to promote voting by holding large-scale rallies and events and offering incentives including money and alcohol to support their sides.
The expansion of suffrage to most adult White men by the 1820s and 1830s most directly contributed to the
emergence of political rallies and events to encourage people to vote for particular parties, political participation came to be more often based on being an adult White male rather than property ownership, parties sought to promote voting by holding large-scale rallies and events and offering incentives including money and alcohol to support their sides.
William Cullen Bryant, book review in the North American Review, 1818 Which of the following can be concluded about the relationship between the United States and Europe based on the situation described in the excerpt?
european styles continued to influence American society. the excerpt describes how books from England continued to be published and consumed across the United States.
Walter Johnson, historian, River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom, 2013 Which of the following resulted from the mass production of cotton described in the excerpt?
some southerners relocated their plantations to the west of the Appalachian Mountains. Overproduction of cotton depleted the soil in eastern states of the South, leading to many southerners moving west and allowing the institution of slavery to grow.
Missouri Compromise
"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.
What is Jefferson main purpose of the inaugural address
Along with stating his support for limited government, he was also touched on the ideals of republicanism in this excerpt from his inaugural address, which represented an expression of his ideal political system.
Innovations in shipping and the growth of commercial networks were most directly related to which of the following other developments of the first half of the nineteenth century?
An increase in the number of Americans moving west of the Appalachian Mountains, Innovations in shipping and transportation technology, including steamboats and canals, and the concurrent growth of national commercial networks allowed Americans to migrate and settle farther westward beyond the Appalachian Mountains.
Sean Wilentz, historian, The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln, published in 2005 Which of the following pieces of evidence would help modify an argument in the excerpt about President Jackson's intentions toward American Indians?
Jackson had led United States armies that conquered American Indian peoples in the Southeast and forced land cessions. Evidence that Jackson had commanded United States armies in the conquest of American Indian peoples would modify the argument in the excerpt that Jackson believed that his intentions toward American Indians were paternalistic and humane
The growth of manufacturing in the United States from 1800 to 1850 was most directly connected to which of the following broader historical processes?
Large numbers of international migrants moving to northern cities, he growth of manufacturing in the northern states coincided with large numbers of international migrants settling in northern cities and urban areas.
Sean Wilentz, historian, The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln, published in 2005 Which of the following describes a context that most influenced the implementation of the government policy discussed in the excerpt?
Many Americans desired the United States to expand its western land claims. the context of the American desire to extend United States western land claims in the early nineteenth century most influenced the implementation of the Indian removal policies described in the excerpt.
Daniel Walker Howe, historian, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, published in 2007 Which of the following is a piece of evidence used by Howe to support his claim in the third paragraph of the excerpt about religious organizations in the early nineteenth century?
Members of the Evangelical United Front employed more people than the Post Office did. In the third paragraph of the excerpt, Howe provides evidence that members of the Evangelical United Front employed more people than the Post Office did in order to support his claim that the Evangelical United Front was more extensively organized than the federal government was in the early nineteenth century.
The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company, petition to the United States Congress, 1809 The claims in this were most likely interpreted as opposing which of the following existing federal government policies at the time?
Promoting economic development through foreign trade, The claims in the excerpt about developing manufacturing and the domestic economy would have been interpreted as opposing government policies focused on encouraging foreign trade.
Which of the following most directly led to the expansion of participatory democracy in the first half of the nineteenth century?
Reduction of property ownership requirements for voting, In the 1820s and 1830s, many states weakened or ended requirements to own property to be eligible to vote, leading to an expansion of participatory democracy, particularly during the presidency of Andrew Jackson.
Stephanie M. H. Camp, historian, Closer to Freedom: Enslaved Women and Everyday Resistance in the Plantation South, 2004 Which of the following does the author use as evidence to support her argument that slaveholders were "keen to master their slaves' senses of pleasure"
Slaveholders held parties to encourage the loyalty of the enslaved. The author cites plantation parties held for enslaved people on special occasions as broader evidence of slaveholder's interest in using slaves' sense of pleasure as a further means of controlling them.
Stephanie M. H. Camp, historian, Closer to Freedom: Enslaved Women and Everyday Resistance in the Plantation South, 2004 Which of the following best describes a context in the first half of the 1800s that influenced the development of slavery as described in the excerpt?
Southern planters used enslaved people to produce cotton for international markets. the context of the use of enslaved laborers to produce cotton for international markets in the first half of the 1800s influenced the development of slavery as described in the excerpt.
William Cullen Bryant, book review in the North American Review, 1818 Which of the following can be concluded about the United States based on the author's descriptions in the excerpt?
common national culture was developing. he author describes the emergence of interest in literature across the United States as a whole, reflecting the development of a common national culture.