Period 5 AP Classroom Practice Questions for Test Tomorrow
Which of the following best describes the position on slavery of most northerners during the sectional crises of the 1850s? A: They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories. B: They were active supporters of complete abolition. C: They favored continued importation of slaves from Africa. D: They advocated expansion of the slave system to provide cheap labor for northern factories. E: They advocated complete social and political equality for all races in the United States.
CORRECT ANSWER: A.
When the Emancipation Proclamation was issued at the beginning of 1863, its immediate effect was to A: end the Civil War B: abolish slavery C: free slaves held in the border sates D: alienate Britain and France E: strengthen the moral cause of the Union
CORRECT ANSWER: E.
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the perception of many White Southerners that antislavery sentiment was spreading in the 1850s? A: Uncle Tom's Cabin drew enthusiastic audiences of Northern readers and theatergoers. B: Groups like the New England Emigrant Aid Company worked to make Kansas a free state. C: Some prominent Northern intellectuals like Henry David Thoreau praised John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry. D: The Republican Party attracted an increasing number of supporters. E: Congress voted to end the interstate slave trade.
CORRECT ANSWER: E.
Which of the following would most likely have opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act? A: A Missouri slaveholder B: Stephen Douglas C: A midwestern investor in a Pacific-to-Chicago railroad line D: A Southern supporter of popular sovereignty E: A New England abolitionist
CORRECT ANSWER: E.
In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president on a Republican platform that advocated all of the following EXCEPT A: higher protective tariffs B: government subsidies for a transcontinental railroad C: free western land for settlers who would live and work on it D: the exclusion of slavery from United States territorial possessions E: the abolition of slavery throughout the United States
CORRECT ANSWER: E.
On the eve of the Civil War, the South enjoyed an advantage over the North in A: shipping capacity B: total population C: railroad mileage D: firearms production E: experienced military leadership
CORRECT ANSWER: E.
"My friends, can this country be saved upon that basis? If it can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the world if I can help to save it. If it can't... it will be truly awful. "Now, in my view of the present aspect of affairs, there need be no bloodshed and war... And I may say in advance, there will be no blood shed unless it be forced upon the Government... Abraham Lincoln, speaking at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, February 22, 1861 Evidence in the excerpt best corroborates which of the following? A: Southern politicians would not abandon slavery, and they believed Lincoln was a threat to that system. B: Sectional divisions were not as deep as many thought, and there was agreement about gradual abolition. C: Political leadership in previous administrations had successfully limited sectional conflict. D: Lincoln viewed foreign influences as serious threats to the stability of the United St
CORRECT ANSWER: A.
"Northwestern States, to which the ordinance of 1787 was applied no one now believes that any one of those States, has not just as much a right to introduce slavery within her borders as Virginia has a right to maintain the existence of slavery within hers. "Then, it is a decision not made by the Federal Government. It is a decision made by California herself, and which California had incontestably a right to make under the Constitution " Senator Henry Clay, speech in the United States Senate, 1850 The excerpt best reflects which of the following historical situations? A: Congressional leaders sought political compromise to resolve discord between the North and the South. B: States in the Great Lakes region advocated to legalize slavery within their borders. C: Senators appealed to the idea of American exceptionalism to encourage national unity. D: The Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott case reduced section
CORRECT ANSWER: A.
"The question is simply this: can a negro whose ancestors were imported into this country and sold as slaves become a member of the political community formed and brought into existence by the Constitution of the United States, and as such become entitled to all the rights, and privileges, and immunities, guaranteed by that instrument to the citizen, one of which rights is the privilege of suing in a court of the United States in the cases specified in the Constitution? . . . It is the judgment of this court that it appears . . . that the plaintiff in error is not a citizen . . . in the sense in which that word is used in the Constitution." United States Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857 Which of the following invalidated the decision in the excerpt? A: The Fourteenth Amendment B: Plessy v. Ferguson C: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka D: The Civil Rights Act of 1964
CORRECT ANSWER: A.
Anti-immigrant nativism of the 1840s and 1850s had the most in common with which of the following earlier developments? A: The passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798), which limited rights for foreign-born residents B: The conflict between Patriots and Loyalists during the American Revolution C: The persecution of religious dissenters in the Massachusetts Bay Colony D: The signing of the Treaty of Greenville (1794) that ended wars between the United States and Native Americans in the Northwest Territory
CORRECT ANSWER: A.
During the Civil War, the Republican Party passed legislation promoting economic development concerning all of the following EXCEPT the A: granting of government subsidies to encourage the export of manufactured goods B: establishment of a high tariff to protect American industry from foreign competition C: organization of a national banking system to provide a uniform national currency D: provision of government loans and land grants to private companies to construct a transcontinental railroad E: passage of the Homestead Act
CORRECT ANSWER: A.
In the first half of the nineteenth century, a major consequence of United States expansionism was A: increased sectional discord, accompanied by the growing failure of compromise B: the need for a strong military to protect the newly gained territory C: increased concentration of the slave population along the Atlantic seaboard D: Increased popular support for the Whig party
CORRECT ANSWER: A.
In the late nineteenth century, state governments in the South were largely successful in restricting A: African Americans' voting rights guaranteed by the Fifteenth Amendment B: the power of the Democratic Party in the region C: state laws allowing married women to own property D: corruption in the federal government E:antitrust laws regarding textile manufacturing
CORRECT ANSWER: A.
Of the following, the most threatening problem for the Union from 1861 through 1863 was A: possible British recognition of the Confederacy B: Spanish intervention in Santo Domingo C: French objections to the Union blockade D: British insistence on the abolition of slavery E: British objections to the Union position on "continuous voyage"
CORRECT ANSWER: A.
The Compromise of 1877 resulted in A: the withdrawal of federal troops from the South B: apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives by state population C: the implementation of the first income tax D: government subsidies for American Indians who agreed to submit to reservation life
CORRECT ANSWER: A.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was most similar in intent to which of the following earlier legislative initiatives? A: The Missouri Compromise in 1820 B: The forced removal of American Indians C: The funding of internal improvements under the American System D: The annexation of Texas in 1836
CORRECT ANSWER: A.
The Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case in 1857 effectively repealed the A: Missouri Compromise B: Fugitive Slave Act C: Ostend Manifesto D: Wilmot Proviso E: Eleventh Amendment to the Constitution
CORRECT ANSWER: A.
The cartoon above (dude in big bag) is intended to express A: a critique of Reconstruction B: opposition to women's rights C: opposition to states' rights D: support for strong government E: opposition to the draft
CORRECT ANSWER: A.
The idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following beliefs EXCEPT: A: Commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base. B: The use of land for settled agriculture was preferable to its use for nomadic hunting. C: Westward expansion was both inevitable and beneficial. D: God had selected America as a chosen land and people. E: The ultimate extent of the American domain was to be from the tropics to the Arctic.
CORRECT ANSWER: A.
Members of the American (Know-Nothing) Party of the 1850s typically supported A: universal manhood suffrage B: restoration of a national bank C: immediate abolition of slavery D: homesteads in the western territories E: restrictions on Catholics' holding public office
CORRECT ANSWER: E.
Which of the following statements best summarizes the views of Andrew Johnson on Reconstruction? A: He believed that Reconstruction was an executive branch matter and sought the rapid restoration of the former Confederate states to the Union. B: He supported the idea of the president and Congress sharing power and believed in a stringent plan of Reconstruction. C: He believed that both secession and Reconstruction should be dealt with by the Supreme Court D: He slowly moved to a Radical Republican position on Reconstruction and supported increased rights for African Americans. E: He refused to take a position on Reconstruction, prompting Republicans to impeach him for his irresponsibility.
CORRECT ANSWER: A.
"The MOCK TRIAL of the poor Fugitive Slave has been further postponed.... Come down, then, Sons of the Puritans: for even if the poor victim is to be carried off by the brute force of arms, and delivered over to Slavery, you should at least be present to witness the sacrifice, and you should follow him in sad procession with your tears and prayers, and then go home and take such action as your manhood and your patriotism may suggest. Come with courage and resolution in your hearts; but, this time, with only such arms as God gave you." Proclamation addressed "To the Yeomanry of New England," Boston, 1854 The proclamation most clearly provides evidence for which of the following? A: The spreading of violence associated with the Kansas-Nebraska Act B: The failure of the Compromise of 1850 to lessen sectional tensions C: The abolitionist roots of the Republican Party D: The absence of racism in antebellum New Eng
CORRECT ANSWER: B.
After the Civil War, women reformers and former abolitionists were divided over A: creation of a sharecropping system in the South B: legislation that ensured the voting rights of African American males C: use of military forces to keep order in the South D: reliance on female workers in Northern factories E: redemption of greenback dollars for gold currency
CORRECT ANSWER: B.
At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, pro-Union sentiment was strong in western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina primarily because A: Confederate troops had committed atrocities to terrorize state representatives from these regions into voting for secession B: these regions had more trade with the North than did other regions in the South C: these regions were more industrialized than other regions of the South D: there were relatively few slaves or large plantations in these regions E: Lincoln had promised not to send federal troops into these regions
CORRECT ANSWER: B.
During Reconstruction, a major economic development in the South was the A: creation of large commercial and banking centers B: spread of sharecropping C: rise of large-scale commercial farming D: decline of the textile industry E: emergence of the cotton economy
CORRECT ANSWER: B.
The Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, is considered pivotal to the outcome of the Civil War because it A: represented the Union's deepest thrust into southern territory B: forestalled the possibility of European intervention C: resulted in the border states joining the Confederacy D: marked the first use of Black troops by the Union army E: confirmed George McClellan's status as the leading Union general
CORRECT ANSWER: B.
The belief by some Americans that the Civil War was "a rich man's war but a poor man's fight" was reflected in A: Sherman's march to Atlanta B: the draft riots in New York City C: Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus in the South D: Thoreau's denunciation of the war E: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
CORRECT ANSWER: B.
Walt Whitman, journalist and poet, editorial in the Brooklyn Eagle, 1846 vs. Joshua Giddings, congressman from Ohio, speech in the United States House of Representatives, 1846 Which of the following comparisons best describes Whitman's and Giddings' arguments about the Mexican-American War? A: Whitman believed the United States should show patience before war, while Giddings believed the country had tolerated abuses for too long without war. B: Whitman argued that the war was intended to deter bad behavior, while Giddings argued that the war represented aggression by the United States. C: Giddings asserted that the nation entered the war as a last resort, while Whitman asserted that the war was unnecessary to achieve the goals of the United States. D: Giddings claimed that the war had popular support in the United States, while Whitman claimed that most Americans opposed the war.
CORRECT ANSWER: B.
Which of the following achievements of the "carpetbag" governments survived the "Redeemer" administrations? A: Participation by both Whites and African Americans in local government B: Establishment of a public school system C: Election of African American majorities to state legislatures D: Establishment of a vigorous Republican Party in the South E: Opening of public facilities to African Americans
CORRECT ANSWER: B.
Which of the following factors best explains the territorial expansion of slavery in the middle of the nineteenth century? A: The belief in Manifest Destiny encouraged settlers to move to the West. B: The Mexican-American War incorporated extensive new lands into the United States. C: The rise of industry in the North created more demand for raw materials such as cotton. D: The growing nativist movement sought to place restrictions on new immigrants.
CORRECT ANSWER: B.
Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to refute Stevens' claim in the excerpt that the Union had done little for formerly enslaved people by 1867? A: The assistance granted to formerly enslaved people to seek work in Northern factories B: The creation of schools by the Freedmen's Bureau for formerly enslaved people C: The widespread redistribution of land from former Confederates to formerly enslaved people D: The adoption of work as sharecroppers by many formerly enslaved people
CORRECT ANSWER: B.
Which of the following principles was established by the Dred Scott decision? A: Congress could abolish slavery at will. B: National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories. C: The rights of all people are protected by the Constitution. D: Slaves residing in a free state automatically became free. E: Through squatter sovereignty, a territory had the sole right to determine the status of slavery within its territorial limits.
CORRECT ANSWER: B.
Which of the following was a consequence of the shift to sharecropping and the crop lien system in the late nineteenth-century South? A: A major redistribution of land ownership B: A diversification of crops C: A cycle of debt and depression for Southern tenant farmers D: A rise in cotton yields per acre from antebellum production levels E: The termination of the control exerted by White landowners of former slaves
CORRECT ANSWER: C.
"Americans faced...after the Civil War and emancipation: how to understand the tangled relationship between healing and justice...The sectional reunion was a political triumph by the late 19th century, but it couldn't have been achieved without many of those people the war had freed from bondage." Which of the following best explains the reason for the reconciliation described by Blight? A: Mass immigration from abroad and internal migration of African Americans reduced racial tensions in the North and South B: The federal government established a limited social welfare state that reduced regional differences between the North and South C: Efforts to change southern racial attitudes and culture ultimately failed because of the South's determined resistance and the North's waning resolve D: The theory of Social Darwinism encouraged political and business leaders to reduce efforts to create racial equality in t
CORRECT ANSWER: C.
"Now, my friends, can this country be saved upon that basis? If it can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the world if I can help to save it. If it can't be saved upon that principle, it will be truly awful. "Now, in my view of the present aspect of affairs, there need be no bloodshed and war. . . . And I may say in advance, there will be no blood shed unless it be forced upon the Government. . . . President-elect Abraham Lincoln, speaking at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, February 22, 1861 The excerpt best serves as evidence for which of the following developments? A: Abraham Lincoln attempted to increase the size of the army to regain Southern states. B: Lincoln rejected allowing any additional states to join the United States. C: Lincoln sought to avoid violence over the issues that divided the country. D: Lincoln intended to enforce the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
CORRECT ANSWER: C.
"Your Memorialist... the subject of a railroad through the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean... "It would enable us, in 8 days (and perhaps less) Such easy and rapid communication with such facilities for exchanging the different products would bring all our immensely wide spread population together... "Nearly seventeen thousand miles.... manufactures of the United States, may be transported to China in thirty days; and the teas and rich silks of China, in exchange, come back in thirty days" Merchant, "National Railroad, Connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean," Which of the following most directly contributed to the request expressed in the excerpt? A: The removal of Native Americans east of the Mississippi B: The passage of legislation ending the international slave trade C: The desire for international trade and access to global markets D: The expansion of westward settlement following the Civil
CORRECT ANSWER: C.
All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measured EXCEPT the A: enactment of Black Codes by southern legislatures B: outbreak of race riots in New Orleans and Memphis C: massive exodus of former slaves from the South D: election of former Confederates to Congress E: response of southern legislatures to the Fourteenth Amendment
CORRECT ANSWER: C.
Eric Foner, historian, Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877, published in 1988 vs. George C. Rable, historian, But There Was No Peace: The Role of Violence in the Politics of Reconstruction, published in 1984 Based on their arguments in the excerpts, both Rable and Foner would most likely agree with which of the following claims? A: The North achieved its aims for Reconstruction. B: Federal policy during Reconstruction was inconsistent. C: Southern resistance hindered Reconstruction. D: Republicans dominated the South after Reconstruction.
CORRECT ANSWER: C.
Eric Foner, historian, Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877, published in 1988 vs. George C. Rable, historian, But There Was No Peace: The Role of Violence in the Politics of Reconstruction, published in 1984 Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to modify Foner's main argument in the second excerpt? A: Many African Americans were elected to the United States Congress for the first time during Reconstruction. B: Southern states were not permitted to rejoin the Union until they had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment. C: After 1877 Democrats in the South legislated restrictions on the ability of African Americans to vote. D: Radical Republicans passed the Civil Rights Act of 1875 to protect African Americans against abuses.
CORRECT ANSWER: C.
In 1861 the North went to war with the South primarily to A: liberate the slaves B: prevent European powers from meddling in American affairs C: preserve the Union D: average political defeats and insults inflicted by the South E: forestall a Southern invasion of the North
CORRECT ANSWER: C.
TABLE QUESTION PART 2 The data in the tables most likely indicate which of the following? A: The Union had more educated leadership in its army than did the Confederacy. B: The Confederacy more typically enlisted enslaved African Americans to fill its army. C: The Union had a larger and more diverse population of workers to enlist from than did the Confederacy. D: The Confederacy had more wealthy people in its armed forces than did the Union.
CORRECT ANSWER: C.
The United States gained which of the following from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 ? A: An undisputed claim to Oregon B: Control of the sugar trade with Cuba C: Possession of California and most of the Southwest D: Possession of the Philippines E: The right to construct a canal across the Isthmus of Panama
CORRECT ANSWER: C.
The first attempt to apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty in determining the status of slavery occurred in A: Texas B: California C: Kansas D: Missouri E: Oregon
CORRECT ANSWER: C.
The most controversial and divisive component of the Compromise of 1850 was the A: measure's endorsement of popular sovereignty B: admittance of Missouri as a slave state and the establishment of the 36°30' line C: passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act D: admittance of Texas as a slave state E: legislation permitted the surveying of a southern transcontinental railway line
CORRECT ANSWER: C.
The trend shown in the map (3 different kinds stripes and one polka dots) led most directly to which of the following? A: A decreasing gap in wealth because land ownership increased among White citizens B: Decreasing tensions between White settlers and Native Americans because expanded United States territory undercut competition C: Increasing divisions between North and South because of questions about the status of slavery in new territories D: Increasing legal immigration for Asians because the United States became a Pacific Rim country
CORRECT ANSWER: C.
Which of the following supplied the largest number of immigrants to the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century? A: England B: Africa C: Ireland D: The German states E: The Netherlands
CORRECT ANSWER: C.
"He who fights the battles of America may claim America as his country—and have that claim respected. Thus in defending your country now against rebels and traitors you are defending your own liberty, honor, manhood and self-respect... ...History shall record the names of heroes and martyrs who bravely answered the call of patriotism and Liberty- let it not be said that in the long list of glory, composed of men of all nations—there appears the name of no colored man." Frederick Douglass, excerpt from an editorial, April 1863 Ideas expressed by Douglass in the excerpt were most likely interpreted as supporting which of the following arguments? A: The war would make African Americans feel free. B: The war was the product of years of injustice against African Americans. C: The war would take enormous sacrifice of military combat to achieve victory. D: The war was no longer just about preserving the union of the
CORRECT ANSWER: D.
"Now, my friends, can this country be saved upon that basis? If it can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the world if I can help to save it. If it can't be saved upon that principle, it will be truly awful. "Now, in my view of the present aspect of affairs, there need be no bloodshed and war. . . . And I may say in advance, there will be no blood shed unless it be forced upon the Government. . . . President-elect Abraham Lincoln, speaking at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, February 22, 1861 The excerpt most likely reflects which of the following historical situations? A: Abraham Lincoln won all of the electoral college votes in the presidential election. B: Formerly enslaved people were given the right to vote in presidential elections. C: Southern states refused to participate in the presidential election. D: States in the South had begun seceding after the presidential election.
CORRECT ANSWER: D.
"The Republicans of the city and county of Philadelphia, who are determined to support the NATIVE [White, Protestant] AMERICANS in their Constitutional Rights of peaceably assembling to express their opinions on any question of Public Policy, and to SUSTAIN THEM AGAINST THE ASSAULTS OF ALIENS AND FOREIGNERS are requested to assemble on MONDAY AFTERNOON, May 6th, 1844 at 4 o'clock, at the corner of Master and Second street, Kensington [a section of Philadelphia], to express their indignation at the outrage on Friday evening last, which was perpetrated by the Irish Catholics." Historians could best use the excerpt as an example of which of the following? A: Expansion of voting rights during the Jackson administration B: Debates over the separation of church and state in the United States C: Advocacy for policies promoting the idea of Manifest Destiny D: Political responses to changing demographics in the United Sta
CORRECT ANSWER: D.
"We do not know whether free laborers ever sleep. . . . The free laborer must work or starve. He is more of a slave than the negro, because he works longer and harder for less allowance than the slave, and has no holiday, because the cares of life with him begin when its labors end. He has no liberty, and not a single right." George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All! or, Slaves Without Masters, 1857 The excerpt above reflects the common argument in the antebellum South that A: slavery was immoral B: capitalism was the economic system most likely to generate wealth and happiness for the most people C: the South needed to change to survive D: slaves lived better than northern factory workers E: industrialists took care of their workers' welfare
CORRECT ANSWER: D.
During Reconstruction, which of following was a change that took place in the South? A: Many African Americans found manufacturing employment. B: Many White Southerners supported African Americans' rights. C: African Americans favored the Democratic Party. D: African Americans were able to exercise political rights
CORRECT ANSWER: D.
Historians have argued that all of the following were causes of the Civil War EXCEPT A: the clash of economic interests between agrarian and industrializing regions B: the actions of irresponsible politicians and agitators in the North and the South C: differences over the morality and future of slavery D: the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery E: a constitutional crisis pitting states' rights against federal power
CORRECT ANSWER: D.
TABLE QUESTION WITH UNION VS. CONFEDERATE WORKERS AND CASUALTIES The data in the tables indicate which of the following? A: Confederate forces suffered more casualties than did Union forces. B: The Confederacy lost more of its skilled workers than did the Union. C: The Union lost a greater percentage of its population than did the Confederacy. D: Confederate armies lost a greater proportion of its soldiers than did the Union.
CORRECT ANSWER: D.
The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established A: the freedom of all slaves not emancipated under Abraham Lincoln's proclamation B: federal protection for African Americans from Ku Klux Klan terrorism C: the right of citizenship for any person born in the United States D: that suffrage cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude E: the power of the federal government to intervene in state affairs to protect individual liberties
CORRECT ANSWER: D.
The Wilmot Proviso specifically provided for A: the prohibition of slavery in Louisiana Purchase territory B: the primacy of federal law over state-legislated Black Codes C: the abolition of the international slave trade D: the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War E: federal return of fugitive slaves
CORRECT ANSWER: D.
Which of the following occurred during Radical Reconstruction? A: The passage of the Black Codes B: A permanent shift of Southern voters to the Republican Party C: The creation of a new industrial base in a majority of Southern states D: The formation of the Ku Klux Klan E: Widespread redistribution of confiscated land to former slaves
CORRECT ANSWER: D.
Which of the following statements about African American soldiers during the Civil War is correct? A: They were primarily engaged in military campaigns west of the Mississippi. B: They were limited to noncombat duty. C: They were barred form receiving awards for valor in combat. D: For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank. E: For most of the war, they were led by African American officers.
CORRECT ANSWER: D.
All of the following contributed to Northern fear of a slave power conspiracy in the 1840s and 1850s EXCEPT the A: enforcement of a new fugitive slave law B: decision of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case C: imposition of a gag rule in the House of Representatives D: proposal of the Ostend Manifesto E: passage of the Wilmot Proviso
CORRECT ANSWER: E.
