Periodic Table and families of elements
What element has the highest known density?
Osmium, located at the center of the table.
Rows on the periodic table are known as _________________________
Periods
ductile
Some metals are this, meaning that they can be made into wires
chemical symbol
a one-, two-, or three-letter abbreviation of the name of an element
Metalloids
elements that have some properties of both metals and nonmetals
Elements in the same _____ have similar properties
group
Where are metals located on the periodic table?
left side (exception for hydrogen) of zigzag line
atomic number
number of protons in an atom's nucleus
Atomic mass equals the number of
protons + neutrons
period
A horizontal row (left to right) of elements in the periodic table
Why are the properties of elements in a group similar?
Because the atoms of these elements have the same number of valence electrons.
Why do elements within a group have similar chemical properties?
Because the atoms of these elements have the same number of valence electrons.
Why are atoms of elements in Group 18 unreactive gases?
Because they have a full set of valence electrons.
Why are the atoms of elements in group 1 very reactive?
Because they have a single valence electron
Underneath the chemical symbol is the ________________________
Chemical name
The abbreviation of the element information on the periodic table is the ___________________________
Chemical symbol
Three major categories of elements on the periodic table
1. Metals 2. Nonmetals 3. Metalloids
periodic table
A table that shows the elements, their atomic number, symbol, and average atomic mass; elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together. Arranged by Dmitri Mendeleev.
What are elements?
An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions.
Henry Moseley
Arranged the periodic table by atomic number instead of mass number
How are elements arranged on the periodic table?
As you move from left to right within a period, the atomic number of each element increases by one.
The number at top of the element information on the periodic table is the __________________________
Atomic number
Look at your periodic table- What can you infer about copper and silver based on their position relative to each other?
Atoms of copper and silver have the same number of valence electrons.
The number at the bottom of the element information on the periodic table is the
Average atomic mass
Nonmetals
Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current
Metals
Elements that are shiny and conduct heat and electricity well.
valence electrons
Found in the outermost portion of the electron cloud of an atom, and since far from the attractive force of the nucleus they are able to participate in chemical bonding.
How does atomic size vary on the periodic table?
It decreases as you move from left to right.
What is the purpose of the zigzag line on the periodic table?
It separates the metals from the non metals
malleable
Many metals are able to be formed into different shapes
Why do chemists state that no one will discover an a element to appear on the periodic table between sulfur (s) and chlorine (Cl)?
The elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. Sulfur has and atomic number of 16 and chlorine has an atomic number of 17. There is no whole number between these two numbers so an element cannot appear between them.
chemical name
The name of an element; some named after scientists and some after places.
How does the nucleus of a copper atom compare to the nucleus of a nickle atom?
The nucleus of a copper atom contains one more proton than the nucleus of a nickle atom.
What is the difference between the atomic number and the average atomic mass?
The weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element, while the atomic number is the number of protons in an atom.
Group (periodic table)
Vertical column of elements (top to bottom) that often have similar physical and chemical properties. Sometimes called a family.
What does the number of valence electrons help determine?
What kind of chemical reactions the atom can undergo.
How do densities pattern on the periodic table?
Within a period, elements at the left and right sides are the least dense, and the elements in the middle are the most dense.
How are elements arranged on the periodic table?
by increasing atomic number
The atomic number equals the number of
protons or electrons in a neutral (uncharged) atom. (the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. It is identical to the charge number of the nucleus. The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element. In an uncharged atom, the atomic number is also equal to the number of electrons.)
Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table?
right side of the zigzag one
Element Name
the scientific name of an element
average atomic mass
the weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element