Periodic Table and families of elements

What element has the highest known density?

Osmium, located at the center of the table.

Rows on the periodic table are known as _________________________

Periods

ductile

Some metals are this, meaning that they can be made into wires

chemical symbol

a one-, two-, or three-letter abbreviation of the name of an element

Metalloids

elements that have some properties of both metals and nonmetals

Elements in the same _____ have similar properties

group

Where are metals located on the periodic table?

left side (exception for hydrogen) of zigzag line

atomic number

number of protons in an atom's nucleus

Atomic mass equals the number of

protons + neutrons

period

A horizontal row (left to right) of elements in the periodic table

Why are the properties of elements in a group similar?

Because the atoms of these elements have the same number of valence electrons.

Why do elements within a group have similar chemical properties?

Because the atoms of these elements have the same number of valence electrons.

Why are atoms of elements in Group 18 unreactive gases?

Because they have a full set of valence electrons.

Why are the atoms of elements in group 1 very reactive?

Because they have a single valence electron

Underneath the chemical symbol is the ________________________

Chemical name

The abbreviation of the element information on the periodic table is the ___________________________

Chemical symbol

Three major categories of elements on the periodic table

1. Metals 2. Nonmetals 3. Metalloids

periodic table

A table that shows the elements, their atomic number, symbol, and average atomic mass; elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together. Arranged by Dmitri Mendeleev.

What are elements?

An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions.

Henry Moseley

Arranged the periodic table by atomic number instead of mass number

How are elements arranged on the periodic table?

As you move from left to right within a period, the atomic number of each element increases by one.

The number at top of the element information on the periodic table is the __________________________

Atomic number

Look at your periodic table- What can you infer about copper and silver based on their position relative to each other?

Atoms of copper and silver have the same number of valence electrons.

The number at the bottom of the element information on the periodic table is the

Average atomic mass

Nonmetals

Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current

Metals

Elements that are shiny and conduct heat and electricity well.

valence electrons

Found in the outermost portion of the electron cloud of an atom, and since far from the attractive force of the nucleus they are able to participate in chemical bonding.

How does atomic size vary on the periodic table?

It decreases as you move from left to right.

What is the purpose of the zigzag line on the periodic table?

It separates the metals from the non metals

malleable

Many metals are able to be formed into different shapes

Why do chemists state that no one will discover an a element to appear on the periodic table between sulfur (s) and chlorine (Cl)?

The elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. Sulfur has and atomic number of 16 and chlorine has an atomic number of 17. There is no whole number between these two numbers so an element cannot appear between them.

chemical name

The name of an element; some named after scientists and some after places.

How does the nucleus of a copper atom compare to the nucleus of a nickle atom?

The nucleus of a copper atom contains one more proton than the nucleus of a nickle atom.

What is the difference between the atomic number and the average atomic mass?

The weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element, while the atomic number is the number of protons in an atom.

Group (periodic table)

Vertical column of elements (top to bottom) that often have similar physical and chemical properties. Sometimes called a family.

What does the number of valence electrons help determine?

What kind of chemical reactions the atom can undergo.

How do densities pattern on the periodic table?

Within a period, elements at the left and right sides are the least dense, and the elements in the middle are the most dense.

How are elements arranged on the periodic table?

by increasing atomic number

The atomic number equals the number of

protons or electrons in a neutral (uncharged) atom. (the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. It is identical to the charge number of the nucleus. The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element. In an uncharged atom, the atomic number is also equal to the number of electrons.)

Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table?

right side of the zigzag one

Element Name

the scientific name of an element

average atomic mass

the weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element