Personality Theory
For a woman, according to Horney, what may penis envy signify?
Envy for social power that is often available only to men.
What did Horney conclude to be one of the strongest motivating forces for human beings?
The goal to self-realization
What did Horney propose that the origin of neurosis stem from?
Alienation from the real center of our being
What qualities are associated with compulsive aggression, "moving against" people?
Need for power, exploitation of others, need for prestige, and personal improvement
Horney was the first person of stature in the psychoanalytic community to do what?
1. Challenge the Freudian perspective of women 2. Replace the family and society in the center of neurotic development 3. Assert that self-analysis could be an important source of development 4. Realize that masochism is a learned pattern of cultural behavior
Horney postulates what three ways that people act in order to gain the feelings of safety and satisfaction?
1. Compulsive compliance 2. Compulsive aggression 3. Compulsive detachment
What were some of the important contributions of Karen Horney to personality psychology?
1. Feminine psychology 2. Disturbed relationships and cultural influences replace biology 3. Individuals cope with anxiety thats produced by feeling unsafe, unloved, and unvalued by developing strategies of defense and disowning their real feelings
In her therapeutic work, what did Horney stress?
1. The cooperative nature of the therapeutic process 2. The recognition of the forces which drive and inhibit a person 3. Analysis of transference 4. The use of free association in her therapeutic work
What were the sources of inspiration for Horney's description of the "real self?"
1. The loss of self described by Soren Kierkegaard 2. Spiritual self of William James 3. Concept of will by otto rank 4. Zen concept of whole heartedness
When did Horney move to the United States?
1932
T/F- Basic anxiety is inherent in human nature: it is what it means to be human, and has nothing to do with factors in one's childhood environment.
False
T/F- Her own analysis convinced Horney that orthodox psychoanalytic theory was suitable with respect to the psychology of women.
False
T/F- Horney believed that there is in each of us a central force, common to all humankind, which is a deep source of growth that she called the "idealized self."
False
T/F- The trend of moving toward people and the continual need for love and approval indicate the realization of the self through relationships.
False
T/F- The way an individual copes with anxiety has little to do with early family experiences, but is primarily the result of cultural and socioeconomic influences.
False
What are the conditions of childhood required by everyone for self-realization?
Healthy friction with the wishes and will of those around them, an atmosphere of warmth, and good will of others to supply various needs.
To what does Horney's term "the search for glory" refer?
One's attempt to actualize one's idealized self
T/F- Horney agreed with Freud on the importance of unconscious motivation and the primacy of emotional over rational influences on behavior.
True
T/F- Horney argued that women chiefly envy the power that is attached to the patriarchal ideal and cultural manifestations of male privilege, rather than accepting Freud's belief that "anatomy is destiny."
True
T/F- Horney made an important contribution to the psychoanalytical movement by bringing new awareness to, and placing emphasis on both family and culture in producing neurosis.
True
T/F- Horney may be considered one of the founders of humanistic psychology due to her emphasis of self-realization as the source of healthy values and the goal of life.
True
What qualities are associated with compulsive detachment, "moving away from" people?
neurotic need for self-sufficiency, independence, perfection, and unassailability
What qualities are associated with compulsive compliance, "moving toward" people?
self-sacrificing, needing love and approval
