Pharm- Chapter 1 Exam review
The nurse treating a client for the past week notes no improvement in the client's condition. Another nurse mentions a new drug that might help the client. The first nurse has never heard of this newly introduced drug. What is the most likely reason that Sally has not heard about this new drug?
The nurse was not aware of or did not have access to reliable resources for new drug information.
A nurse who provides care in a long-term care facility is documenting a new resident's medication regimen on the resident's intake admission. Why would the nurse document the generic, rather than proprietary or trade, names of the resident's current drugs?
There is a potential for confusion and miscommunication if proprietary names are used.
One of the phases of drug development is the post-marketing surveillance phase. Which activity is carried out during this phase?
Health care providers report adverse effects to FDA.
Which drug may be derived from an animal source?
Insulin
The birth defects associated with thalidomide (Thalomid) resulted in legislation known as the:
Kefauver-Harris Act of 1962.
While reviewing a package insert for a drug, what would the nurse identify as the drug's generic name?
Levothyroxine sodium
Plants and plant parts have been used as medicines since prehistoric times. Morphine (Roxanol) is derived from which plant?
Poppy
A nurse is administering a large number of medications to a diverse group of clients. What types of drugs will be excluded from these medications?
Schedule 1
Since 1962, newly developed drugs have been extensively tested before being marketed for general use. What do drug companies do to test drugs initially?
Test the drugs with animals.
The nurse is reviewing a prescription for a medication with a client. On the prescription, the nurse read "DAW." What should the nurse teach the client?
The brand name of the drug must be dispensed.
A drug is undergoing Phase 3 testing. During this phase, what activity will take place?
The drug trials will include women as subjects.
During phase I drug testing, a drug has been found to be therapeutic at concentrations of between 2.5 and 2.9 mEq/L with toxicity occurring at 3.1 mEq/L. What consequence of this finding should the nurse anticipate?
The drug will likely not proceed to phase II testing.
A nurse is preparing to administer morphine and recognizes morphine as belonging to what classification of controlled substance?
schedule II (C-II)
Which question asked by the nurse demonstrates an understanding of a key concern related to pharmacology?
"How has the drug affected your feelings of depression?"
A client has asked the nurse to research a drug that the client read about online. The nurse's research reveals that it is an orphan drug. What should the nurse teach the client about this drug?
"It could be very difficult to access this drug because it's not readily available on the market."
A client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus has been started on insulin therapy to control glucose levels. The client does not want to take any medications that come from an animal source. What is the best response by the nurse?
"Many forms of insulin, such as genetically engineered, do not use animal products."
Discharge planning for clients leaving the hospital should include instructions on the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which comments by the client should prompt the nurse to provide health education? Select all that apply.
"OTC drugs can often be used as a cost-effective substitute for prescribed drugs." "OTC drugs have been around for years and have not been cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)." "OTC drugs are safe and do not cause adverse effects if taken properly." "OTC drugs are different from any drugs available by prescription and cost less."
The nurse is educating a client on over-the-counter (OTC) medications. What information is required to be placed on the label of the medication? (Select all that apply.)
1.adverse reactions b.dosage of the medication C.contraindications to the medication
Which statement correctly defines a drug?
A drug is any chemical that can affect living processes.
A client has been diagnosed with depression following several months of reduced concentration and sleep difficulties. The client has been prescribed bupropion SR 150 mg PO b.i.d. What should the priority nursing assessment be?
Assessment of the client's mood and affect
A physician has ordered subcutaneous injections of morphine every 4 hours as needed for pain for a motor vehicle accident victim. Morphine has a high abuse potential and is categorized in which class of drugs?
C-II
What drug category indicates fetal risk where the risk outweighs any potential benefit?
Category X
Prescription practices of primary health care providers for controlled substances are monitored by which agency?
DEA
Which is an example of a black box warning by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?
Difficulty breathing and maintaining an airway
A client is started on aripiprazole and the nurse notices the client is experiencing dry mouth and nasal congestion. What intervention does the nurse teach the client to minimize the side effects of the medication?
Drinking frequent sips of water.`
A 22-year-old man has been accepted as a participant in a drug trial while his female friend of the same age was rejected. What is the most likely rationale for this decision?
Drugs pose a risk to the woman's ova.
Genetic engineering allows scientists to produce human insulin by altering which type of bacteria?
Escherichia coli
What agency is responsible for approving drugs for over-the-counter (OTC) availability, including the transfer of drugs from prescription to OTC status?
FDA
The nurse is currently participating in phase IV of a clinical study of a chemotherapeutic drug. What action would the nurse be expected to perform during this phase of testing?
Gathering data from clients taking the drug after it has been released to market.
The nurse is working in a community outreach clinic. What should the nurse teach a client about over-the-counter medications?
OTC medications are not risk free.
A drug has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. What study phase would occur next?
Phase 4 study
Which phase of drug development is associated with continual evaluation of the drug?
Phase 4 study
After reviewing class material about the natural sources of drugs, the students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which as an example of a drug that is derived from inorganic compounds?
aluminum hydroxide
The nurse is preparing to administer the drug papaverine (Pavabid). What does the nurse identify the name Pavabid as?
brand name
The nurse instructs the client that some drugs are no longer covered under patent and may be less expensive. What type of drug is the nurse describing?
generic
What term is used to describe drugs identified by their chemical or official name in order to be independent of any manufacturer's assigned name?
generic``
There are many sources of drug formulation. What is not an advantage of a synthetic drug over a natural drug?
increased potency of the drug
It is crucial for the client to understand what about any prescribed medication? (Select all that apply.)
medication administration dosage expected effect adverse reactions
In discussing the safe use of drugs in the institutional setting, what duty is performed by the nurse? (Select all that apply.)
monitoring clients for drug effects educating clients/caregivers about drugs administering drugs evaluating clients for toxic effects
Which phase of drug development is associated with continual evaluation of the drug?
phase IV study
A nurse is teaching a client about the pharmacotherapeutics of the hormone replacement therapy that the client has been prescribed. What topic should the nurse address?
the effect of the drug on the client's body
