Pharmacology

A 30% stock solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was diluted four times as follows: 0.1 mL of stock was added to 0.4 mL of distilled water; 4.5 mL of distilled water was added; the resulting solution was diluted 1:3; the resulting solution was again diluted to 0.06 L. The final concentration of the solution was: a.0.05% b.50 mg/mL c.5 mg/mL d.1.36%

a.0.05%

A bird that weighs 50 g requires a particular drug at 4 mg/kg divided twice daily. What is the morning dose? a.0.1 mg b.100 mg c.1 mg d.4 mg

a.0.1 mg

250 cc is equal to: a.0.25 L b.2.5 L c.25,000 µl d.25 mL

a.0.25 L

A yearling paint colt is admitted for castration. The animal weighs 700 lb, and the veterinarian wants to use the following regimen: butorphanol (10 mg/mL) IV at 0.02 mg/kg; xylazine (10 mg/mL) IV at 0.2 mg/kg; and ketamine (100 mg/mL) IV at 2.2 mg/kg. How much butorphanol should be administered? a.0.6 mL b.1.4 mL c.3.1 mL d.6 mL

a.0.6 mL

How many mL of a drug with a concentration of 100 mg/mL should be administered to a 75-lb dog at a dose of 1 mg/lb? a.0.75 mL b.75 mL c.0.34 mL d.100 mL

a.0.75 mL

A commercial cat food is 120 kcal/cup. A cat weighing 5 lb fed at a rate of 40 calories/lb/day should be fed how many cups at each meal if you feed him twice a day? a.1 cup b.5 cups c.2 cups d.10 cups

a.1 cup - wrong

Your patient is a 42-lb shepherd mix with a history of vomiting. The order reads: metoclopramide HCl (5 mg/mL); give 0.3 mg/kg IM q6h prn. How many mL will you deliver? a.1 mL b.5 mL c.2 mL d.8 mL

a.1 mL

A dosage of 2 tbs bid requires approximately: a.1 qt for a 16-day supply b.36 oz for a 16-day supply c.16 oz for a 16-day supply d.2.5 pt for a 16-day supply

a.1 qt for a 16-day supply

A 6-tbs dose administered bid requires: a.1.8 L for a 10-day supply b.2 oz/day c.2.6 L for a 2-week supply d.240 mL/day

a.1.8 L for a 10-day supply

You are preparing an insulin drip. If you add 1 unit of insulin/100 mL of IV fluid, how many units will you add to the 1-L bag of fluids? a.10 u b.100 u c.1 u d.1000 u

a.10 u

A 1-L sample contains: a.1000 mL b.100 mL c.1 mL d.10 mL

a.1000 mL

A 500-kg horse weighs approximately: a.1100 lb b.750 lb c.250 lb d.1000 lb

a.1100 lb

Altrenogest for horses is available as a 0.22% solution. The daily dosage is 0.044 mg/kg. If you treated a 990-lb Morgan mare for 15 days, how much would you dispense for the client? a.135 mL b.254 mL c.165 mL d.9 mL

a.135 mL

A 32-lb dog needs IV fluids at a surgical rate (11 mL/kg/hr). How many mL/hr will the patient receive? a.160 mL/hr b.15 mL/hr c.32 mL/hr d.100 mL/hr

a.160 mL/hr

Four hundred pounds is how many kilograms? a.182 kg b.600 kg c.18 kg d.880 kg

a.182 kg

The volume of an injection for a small iguana is 0.005 mL. This amount is too small to measure accurately. What dilution would allow you to give a volume of 0.05 mL? a.1:10 b.1:100 c.1:50 d.1:1000

a.1:10

A pet needs 5 mg/kg of Albon po sid on day 1, then 2.5 mg/kg po sid for 5 more days. The medication is available in 125-mg tablets and the pet weighs 25 lb. How many tablets will be dispensed for the owner? a.2 tablets b.5 tablets c.0.5 tablets d.1 tablet

a.2 tablets

A cat in end-stage renal disease is receiving epoetin (2000 units/mL). The dose is 100 units/kg. Your patient weighs 5.5 lb. How many units will you deliver? a.250 u b.100 u c.25 u d.0.25 u

a.250 u

You are asked to infuse intravenously 3 L of 0.9% saline during 24 hr. The administration set is calibrated at 15 drops/mL. How fast should you set the drip rate? a.31 drops/min b.15 drops/min c.200 drops/min d.125 drops/min

a.31 drops/min

To prepare 1 cup of instrument milk using the suggested 1:6 dilution ratio, you would use: a.34.3 mL milk, 205.7 mL water b.1 oz milk, 6 oz water c.30 mL milk, 210 mL water d.1 mL milk, 6 mL water

a.34.3 mL milk, 205.7 mL water

You just administered 1.2 mL of penicillin (300,000 U/mL). How many units did you administer? a.360,000 U b.260,000 U c.360 U d.0.26 U

a.360,000 U

The volume of a 1:25 dilution that can be prepared from 150 mL of stock solution is: a.3750 mL b.6 L c.6000 mL d.75 mL

a.3750 mL

A cat with a gastrostomy tube must receive 300 kcal daily. A 15-oz can of the prescribed diet has 1500 kcal. The prescribed diet must be diluted 50:50 with water to flow through the tube, and a maximum of 45 mL can be administered at one feeding. Approximately how many feedings does this cat need daily? a.4 b.2 c.8 d.10

a.4

You need to deworm 100 head of cattle with a pour-on product that is applied at a rate of 1 mL/100 lb and is sold in 250-mL bottles. The cattle weigh 825 to 1050 lb each. Approximately how many bottles of dewormer should you purchase? a.4 bottles b.16 bottles c.8 bottles d.10 bottles

a.4 bottles

To prepare 128 oz of a 1:7 dilution of iodine and alcohol, you would use: a.480 mL iodine, 3360 mL alcohol b.480 oz iodine, 3360 oz alcohol c.128 mL of iodine, 896 mL alcohol d.12.8 oz of iodine, 115.2 oz of alcohol

a.480 mL iodine, 3360 mL alcohol

A commercial dog food is 420 kcal/cup. A dog weighing 60 lb fed at a rate of 70 kcal/lb/day should be fed how many cups at each meal if he is fed twice daily? a.5 cups b.10 cups c.1 cup d.2 cups

a.5 cups

Atipamezole, when administered SC to rabbits, can reverse the effects of medetomadine within: a.5-10 minutes b.10-25 minutes c.25-30 minutes d.2-5 minutes

a.5-10 minutes

A yearling paint colt is admitted for castration. The animal weighs 700 lb, and the veterinarian wants to use the following regimen: butorphanol (10 mg/mL) IV at 0.02 mg/kg; xylazine (10 mg/mL) IV at 0.2 mg/kg; and ketamine (100 mg/mL) IV at 2.2 mg/kg. How much ketamine should be administered? a.7.0 mL b.15.4 mL c.34 mL d.2.8 mL

a.7.0 mL

In a feed that includes 20 lb of corn, 5 lb of beet pulp, 1 lb of bone meal, and 2 lb of whey, approximately what percent is corn? a.71% b.40% c.98% d.28%

a.71%

Which fibers in the central nervous system are responsible for sharp, localized pain? a.A delta b.C c.C delta d.A

a.A delta

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is an antidote for what type of drug toxicity? a.Acetaminophen b.Lidocaine c.Digoxin d.Opioid

a.Acetaminophen

Which of the following drugs does not have an antiemetic action? a.Apomorphine b.Meclizine c.Metoclopramide d.Chlorpromazine

a.Apomorphine

Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) is associated with: a.Blood flow to the kidney b.Healing c.Inflammation d.Pain

a.Blood flow to the kidney

Dr. Blackman prescribed a particular antibiotic for a rabbit with a Pasteurella infection and asked you to educate the client regarding special instructions for administration of the drug. You told the client that she should wear gloves when handling this medication, because it has been associated with a rare adverse reaction in humans: aplastic anemia. Based on this information, the drug that you dispensed was most likely: a.Chloramphenicol b.Tetracycline c.Gentamicin d.Erythromycin

a.Chloramphenicol

The antibiotic that should be avoided in all food-producing animals is: a.Chloramphenicol b.Cephalexin c.Enrofloxacin d.Lincosamides

a.Chloramphenicol

Chronic administration of high doses of glucocorticoids can cause iatrogenic: a.Cushing's disease b.Addison disease c.Renal failure d.Johne disease

a.Cushing's disease

You are asked to infuse fluids intravenously at 60 drops/min. The drip rate is currently at 7 drops/15 sec. What adjustment in the drip rate is necessary? a.Double the flow rate b.Reduce the flow rate by 50% c.Increase the flow rate by 25% d.No adjustment is necessary

a.Double the flow rate

Atropine is often given as a preanesthetic agent. It is classified as an anticholinergic drug. That means that it will likely have the following effects on an animal receiving the drug: a.Increased heart rate, decreased salivation, and decreased GI motility b.Increased heart rate, increased salivation, and increased GI motility c.Decreased heart rate, decreased salivation, and decreased GI motility d.Decreased heart rate, increased salivation, and increased GI motility

a.Increased heart rate, decreased salivation, and decreased GI motility

What drug is not used in the treatment of glaucoma? a.Latanoprost b.Pilocarpine c.Carbachol d.Chloramphenicol

a.Latanoprost - wrong

Many antibiotic drug inserts (information included in packages of drugs) make reference to the MIC at which the antibiotic is effective. What is the MIC? a.Minimum inhibitory concentration b.Minimum inflammatory concentration c.Maximum infusion concentration d.Maximum inhalation concentration

a.Minimum inhibitory concentration

NSAIDs are most likely to cause side effects in what two organ systems? a.Renal and gastrointestinal b.Cardiac and hepatic c.Renal and pulmonary d.Pulmonary and cardiac

a.Renal and gastrointestinal

Cardiac drugs that belong in class IB act by: a.Stabilizing myocardial cells b.Blocking calcium channels c.Blocking beta receptors d.Decreasing myocardial automaticity

a.Stabilizing myocardial cells

When discharging a cat, you would explain to the owner that the buprenorphine should be given: a.TM b.SQ c.IM d.po

a.TM

For what is syrup of ipecac used? a.To induce vomiting b.To stimulate defecation to flush out poisons from the distal bowel c.To increase blood supply to the gastrointestinal tract d.To stimulate duodenal movement to overcome constipation

a.To induce vomiting

How long should a patient with pneumonia be on antibiotics? a.Two weeks past resolution of radiographic signs b.Four weeks, no matter the clinical or radiographic signs c.Two weeks past resolution of clinical signs d.Six weeks, no matter the clinical or radiographic signs

a.Two weeks past resolution of radiographic signs

Why should apomorphine and activated charcoal not be given simultaneously? a. The resultant vomiting is too severe and too prolonged b. The patient will vomit and may aspirate the charcoal c. Each cancels the beneficial effects of the other d. Severe diarrhea and intestinal cramping result

b. The patient will vomit and may aspirate the charcoal - wrong

A 450-μg sample contains: a.0.045 g b.0.00045 g c.0.45 g d.4.5 g

b.0.00045 g

You have just administered an injection of 0.02 mL of acepromazine (10 mg/mL). How many mg did you give? a.20 mg b.0.2 mg c.2 mg d.200 mg

b.0.2 mg

A cat that weighs 5 kg is given 0.1 mL of a drug with a concentration of 10 mg/mL. What dose did this cat receive? a.25 mg/kg b.0.2 mg/kg c.0.05 mg/kg d.2 mg/kg

b.0.2 mg/kg

2% lidocaine is prescribed for a 13-lb beagle at a dose of 2 mg/kg IV. How many mL will you deliver? a.6 mL b.0.6 mL c.1.6 mL d.0.16 mL

b.0.6 mL

You are asked to prepare a bottle of heparinized saline with a concentration of 4 IU heparin/mL to flush indwelling catheters. The stock sodium heparin solution contains 1000 IU/mL. How much heparin must be added to each 250-mL bottle of sterile physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) to make the flushing solution? a.4 mL b.1 mL c.3 mL d.2 mL

b.1 mL

A pet needs medication at a dose of 5 mg/kg, and the medication is available in 25-mg tablets. The pet weighs 10 lb. How many tablets will be administered? a.10 tablets b.1 tablet c.5 tablets d.2 tablets

b.1 tablet

A 10-cc syringe can hold: a.1000 mL b.10 mL c.1 mL d.100 mL

b.10 mL

A 5-kg dog weighs approximately: a.7.5 lb b.11 lb c.2.5 lb d.5 lb

b.11 lb

How much 50% dextrose must be added to 1 L of lactated Ringer solution to make a solution that contains 5% dextrose? a.55 mL b.110 mL c.5 mL d.50 mL

b.110 mL

Six blood pressure readings are 115, 120, 123, 121, 121, and 112 mm Hg. What is the average (mean) value? a.121 b.119 c.123 d.120

b.119

To mix a 4% solution in a bottle that contains 5 g of drug powder, how much water should you add? a.125 mL b.125 mL c.50 mL d.500 mL

b.125 mL - wrong

What volume of water must be added to 12.5 mL of a 6% stock solution to produce a 0.5% solution? WRONG a.6.25 mL b.137.5 mL c.150 mL d.37.5 mL

b.137.5 mL - wrong

A veterinarian writes a script for 25 mg of acepromazine to be administered every 8 hr for 5 days, and the medication is available in 25-mg tablets. How many tablets will be dispensed? a.5 tablets b.15 tablets c.10 tablets d.3 tablets

b.15 tablets

What volume of 4.5% potassium chloride (KCl) solution is needed to prepare 0.75 L of a 9-mg/mL KCl solution? a.375 mL b.150 mL c.15 mL d.1.5 mL

b.150 mL

What volume of distilled water must be added to a 5-g vial of thiopental sodium to create a 2.5% solution? a.40 mL b.200 mL c.250 mL d.500 mL

b.200 mL

The doctor asks you to fill oral metronidazole, 10 mg/kg po bid for 7 days. The dog weighs 37.5 kg and you have 250 mg tablets available in the hospital. How many tablets do you fill? a.42 tablets b.21 tablets c.14 tablets d.7 tablets

b.21 tablets

485 km is equal to: a.4.85 x 103 m b.4.85 x 108 mm c.485 x 104 mm d.48,500 cm

b.4.85 x 108 mm

How many mg of dextrose does 1 mL of 50% dextrose solution contain? a.5 mg/mL b.500 mg/mL c.5000 mg/mL d.50 mg/mL

b.500 mg/mL

What is the fluid deficit for a 10-lb cat with 12% dehydration? a.120 mL b.545 mL c.1200 mL d.60 mL

b.545 mL

The level of fluid in the 1-L IV bag reads halfway between the 4 and 5 marks. How much fluid remains in the bag? a.450 mL b.550 mL c.0.5 L d.1000 mL

b.550 mL

A prescription in which 3 mL of lactulose is administered orally twice daily will require how many ounces to last at least 30 days? a.180 oz b.6 oz c.3 oz d.90 oz

b.6 oz

A yearling paint colt is admitted for castration. The animal weighs 700 lb, and the veterinarian wants to use the following regimen: butorphanol (10 mg/mL) IV at 0.02 mg/kg; xylazine (10 mg/mL) IV at 0.2 mg/kg; and ketamine (100 mg/mL) IV at 2.2 mg/kg. How much xylazine should be administered? a.14 mL b.6.4 mL c.3.2 mL d.31 mL

b.6.4 mL

A dose of 30 mEq KCl has been added to 1 L of normal saline. What drip rate would provide a patient with 2 mEq KCl/hr? a.15 mL/hr b.67 mL/hr c.6.7 mL/hr d.60 mL/hr

b.67 mL/hr

The doctor would like to place a patient on a metoclopramide CRI at 2 mg/kg/day. He would like this added to a 1-L bag of fluids that will last 24 hr. The patient weighs 20 kg. How many mL of 5-mg/mL metoclopramide should be added to the bag? a.20 mL b.8 mL c.2 mL d.40 mL

b.8 mL

What drug is most likely to be prescribed to prevent motion sickness in dogs and cats? a.Atropine b.Acepromazine c.Apomorphine d.Syrup of ipecac

b.Acepromazine

Which of the following drugs is used to treat feline hypertension? a.Amitriptyline b.Amlodipine c.Erythromycin d.Atropine

b.Amlodipine

Which of the following is most likely to cause gastrointestinal ulcerations? a.Carprofen b.Aspirin c.Meloxicam d.Deracoxib

b.Aspirin

Drugs used to increase airflow, through respiratory passageways narrowed by the relaxation of smooth muscle around them, are called: a.Expectorants b.Bronchodilators c.Antihistamines d.Antitussives

b.Bronchodilators

What controlled substance rating indicates a drug with the greatest potential for abuse? a.C-III b.C-II c.C-IV d.C-V

b.C-II

Plavix is the brand name for: a.Nitroprusside b.Clopidogrel c.Tadalafil d.Sildenafil

b.Clopidogrel

What route of administration of amikacin or gentamicin causes the highest risk for nephrotoxicity? a.Intravenous bolus b.Continuous intravenous infusion c.Intramuscular d.Per os

b.Continuous intravenous infusion

Which of the following drugs is available over the counter as an antitussive? a.Codeine b.Dextromethorphan c.Butorphanol d.Hydrocodone

b.Dextromethorphan

Baytril is the trade name for: a.Gabapentin b.Enrofloxacin c.Cephalexin d.Acepromazine

b.Enrofloxacin

With what type of diet should oral tetracyclines not be administered? a.Low sodium b.High calcium c.Low potassium d.High fat

b.High calcium

Because administration of medications via this route has more potential for adverse effects, what type of injection should be given slowly? a.IM b.IV c.SQ d.IP

b.IV

You are asked to administer a drug that is supplied as an enteric-coated tablet at 100 mg, 50 mg, and 25 mg; you require 25 mg but have available 50-mg tablets only. You should: a.Administer the 50-mg tablet but then skip the next scheduled dosing b.Order or purchase 25-mg tablets for the dosing schedule c.Use a pill splitter to divide the 50-mg tablet into halves to obtain the most accurate dose d.Use a pill splitter to divide the 100-mg tablet into quarters to obtain the smallest piece

b.Order or purchase 25-mg tablets for the dosing schedule

Altrenogest, which is used for estrus synchronization in female animals, is a synthetic: a.Estrogen b.Progestin c.Androgen d.Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

b.Progestin

A chronotropic agent affects the: a.Rate of relaxation b.Rate of a contraction c.Rhythm of a contraction d.Force of a contraction

b.Rate of a contraction

When discharging a cat, you would explain to the owner that the buprenorphine should be given: a.SQ b.TM c.IM d.po

b.TM

Why is chloramphenicol used with extreme caution in cats and neonates? a.It can alter developing bone, enamel, and cartilage. b.The liver is unable to metabolize chloramphenicol effectively in these animals. c.It can bind with dietary calcium and become deactivated. d.It may drastically alter gut bacterial flora, resulting in fatal diarrhea.

b.The liver is unable to metabolize chloramphenicol effectively in these animals.

What is the reversal agent for xylazine? a.Acepromazine b.Yohimbine c.Naloxone d.Fentanyl

b.Yohimbine

How long will it take to give a whole blood transfusion of 60 mL at a rate of 2 mL/min? a.30 hr b.{1/2} hour c.3 hr d.1.8 hr

b.{1/2} hour

A cockatiel needs 100 mg/kg piperacillin via intramuscular injection. If the bird weighs 80 g, and the concentration of piperacillin is 100 mg/mL, how many mL should be administered? a.1.6 mL b.0.8 mL c.0.08 mL d.80 mL

c.0.08 mL

A rabbit needs 300 μg/kg of a 1% ivermectin solution. If the rabbit weighs 8 lb, how many mL of ivermectin should be administered? a.8 mL b.0.8 mL c.0.1 mL d.10 mL

c.0.1 mL

You have just administered an injection of 0.02 mL of acepromazine (10 mg/mL). How many mg did you give? a.200 mg b.20 mg c.0.2 mg d.2 mg

c.0.2 mg

A 354-g rat weighs: a.35.4 kg b.3.54 kg c.0.354 kg d.0.0354 kg

c.0.354 kg

You give 5 mg of a drug to a 10-kg animal. What is the dose of the drug in mg/kg? a.2 mg/kg b.10 mg/kg c.0.5 mg/kg d.50 mg/kg

c.0.5 mg/kg

How many mL of a drug with a concentration of 200 mg/mL should be administered to a 60-lb dog at a dose of 3 mg/lb? a.90 mL b.9 mL c.0.9 mL d.3 mL

c.0.9 mL

A cat on intravenous fluids must receive 30 mL/hr of normal saline. If this cat has a drip set that provides 60 drops/mL, what should the drip rate be? a.16 drops/sec b.3 drops/sec c.1 drop/2 sec d.1 drop/6 sec

c.1 drop/2 sec

What is the correct volume of epinephrine, in mL, to administer to a 28-lb dog, if the dose is 0.1 mg/kg and the concentration in the bottle is 1:1000 (1 mg/mL)? a.1.4 mL b.2.8 mL c.1.3 mL d.0.28 mL

c.1.3 mL

Vetsulin insulin is labeled 40 units/mL. The order is for a 12-lb poodle and reads: Vetsulin 2 units/kg qd. How many units do you deliver? a.8 u b.2 u c.11 u d.1 u

c.11 u

A 4.5-lb cat requires maintenance fluids (66 mL/kg/24 hr). How many mL/hr will be administered in a 24-hour period? a.5 mL b.28 mL c.132 mL d.300 mL

c.132 mL

Your patient is a 66-lb shepherd mix with a history of vomiting. The order reads: metoclopramide HCl (5 mg/mL); give 0.6 mg/kg IM q8h prn. How many mL will you deliver? a.5 mL b.0.36 mL c.3.6 mL d.1 mL

c.3.6 mL

What volume of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is in 275 mL of a 12% v/v solution? a.3.3 mL b.4.36 mL c.33 mL d.22.9 mL

c.33 mL

You are asked to infuse intravenously 750 mL of fluids throughout 6 hr. The administration set is calibrated at 20 drops/mL. After 2 hr you observe that 300 mL have been infused. What should the adjusted drip rate be? a.19 drops/min b.8 drops/min c.38 drops/min d.27 drops/min

c.38 drops/min

How many half-lives does a drug go through before reaching a steady state? a.4 b.2 c.5 d.3

c.5

NPH insulin is labeled 100 units/mL. The order is for a 12-lb poodle and reads: NPH insulin 1 unit/kg qd. How many units do you deliver? a.6 u b.4 u c.5.5 u d.3 u

c.5.5 u

The veterinarian asks you to fill 250 mg po bid of metronidazole for 6 days. You have 500-mg tablets in stock. How many tablets will you fill? a.12 tablets b.3 tablets c.6 tablets d.24 tablets

c.6 tablets

A 6.2-g sample contains: a.3100 mg b.6200 μg c.6,200,000 μg d.3 kg

c.6,200,000 μg

A dosage of 1 tbs daily requires: a.10 oz for a 14-day supply b.2 oz for a 14-day supply c.7 oz for a 14-day supply d.5 oz for a 14-day supply

c.7 oz for a 14-day supply

A 120-gr aspirin contains approximately: a.780 mg b.7.8 mg c.7800 mg d.78 mg

c.7800 mg

The veterinary dermatologist is asking you to prepare a dog for a patch test. Forty antigens need to be tested, and each antigen must be 1 cm from the next. What size patch should you shave on the dog? a.4 cm x 4 cm b.16 cm x 10 cm c.8 cm x 5 cm d.20 cm x 20 cm

c.8 cm x 5 cm

The doctor would like to place a patient on a metoclopramide CRI at 2 mg/kg/day. He would like this added to a 1-L bag of fluids that will last 24 hr. The patient weighs 20 kg. How many mL of 5 mg/mL metoclopramide should be added to the bag? a.2 mL b.20 mL c.8 mL d.40 mL

c.8 mL

You are working with an equine veterinarian on a breeding farm. You will be sedating a young stallion for an oral examination. Which tranquilizer are you well aware that the veterinarian will probably not use for the procedure? a.Diazepam b.Detomidine c.Acepromazine d.Xylazine

c.Acepromazine

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is extremely toxic to cats is: a.Aspirin b.Flunixin c.Acetaminophen d.Carprofen

c.Acetaminophen

In what class of antibiotic drugs are nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity potential side effects? a.Barbiturates b.Phenothiazine tranquilizers c.Aminoglycosides d.Dissociative anesthetics

c.Aminoglycosides

What insecticide is effective in treating demodectic mange? a.Allethrin b.Fenoxycarb c.Amitraz d.Pyrethrin

c.Amitraz

What fatal reaction to chloramphenicol has been reported in cats and people? a.Liver failure b.Kidney failure c.Aplastic anemia d.Pulmonary edema

c.Aplastic anemia

Spike the dog ingested his owner's cardiac medication about a half-hour ago. The veterinarian instructs you to give him an emetic that may be administered into the conjunctival sac, and then flush as necessary. The name of the drug is: a.Syrup of ipecac b.Hydrogen peroxide c.Apomorphine d.Xylazine

c.Apomorphine

A client is advised to discontinue aspirin therapy in his dysplastic dog before the dog undergoes surgery to remove a mammary tumor. The client asks you why this request was made. You tell him: a.Aspirin may result in gastrointestinal ulceration b.Aspirin may adversely affect hepatic biotransformation c.Aspirin decreases platelet aggregation and may increase the likelihood of hemorrhage d.Aspirin has an anti-inflammatory effect

c.Aspirin decreases platelet aggregation and may increase the likelihood of hemorrhage

Anticholinergic drugs are used for: a.Tachycardia b.Bradypenia c.Bradycardia d.Tachypenia

c.Bradycardia

What drug readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier and achieves therapeutic concentrations of antibiotic in the central nervous system? a.Enrofloxacin b.Amoxicillin c.Chloramphenicol d.Oxytetracycline

c.Chloramphenicol

Which of the following should be avoided or at least diluted out 1:100 when cleaning an ear? a.Vinegar and water b.Cleaning solution c.Chlorhexidine d.Saline solution

c.Chlorhexidine

Of the fluids listed, which has the lowest sodium content? a.Lactated ringers b.0.9% NaCl c.D5W d.0.45% NaCl

c.D5W

The type of drug that would be most helpful for a patient with a productive cough is: a.Antitussive b.Analgesic c.Expectorant d.Antihistamine

c.Expectorant

The H2 receptors are found in the: a.Saliva b.Aortic arch c.Gastric mucosa d.Carotid arteries

c.Gastric mucosa

Acepromazine maleate causes: a.Respiratory depression b.Tachycardia c.Hypotension d.Reduced salivation

c.Hypotension

Why should tetracycline use be avoided in pregnant bitches? a.It may cause changes in the joint cartilage that may result in arthritis at an older age in the pup. b.It may damage the developing pups and may result in liver impairment later in life. c.It may be deposited in dental enamel and give the pup's teeth a mottled yellow appearance. d.It may impair normal central nervous system development in the pups that may show up as behavioral changes later in life.

c.It may be deposited in dental enamel and give the pup's teeth a mottled yellow appearance.

The Food and Drug Administration does not approve the use of fluoroquinolones in: a.Birds b.Cats c.Poultry d.Dogs

c.Poultry

A drug that requires biotransformation before it becomes active is called a: a.Pretransformed drug b.Predrug c.Prodrug d.Nonactive drug

c.Prodrug

Cisapride is a(n): a.Antidiarrheal b.Antiemetic c.Prokinetic d.GI protectant

c.Prokinetic

You are asked to infuse intravenously 1 L of fluids at 25 drops/min throughout 10 hr. After 5 hr you observe that 650 mL have been administered. What adjustment in the drip rate is necessary? a.Rate must be increased from 25 drops/min to 32 drops/min to complete the infusion as ordered b.No action is necessary; the IV infusion will be completed on schedule c.Rate must be slowed from 25 drops/min to 18 drops/min to complete the infusion as ordered d.Rate must be slowed from 100 mL/hr to 60 mL/hr to complete the infusion as ordered

c.Rate must be slowed from 25 drops/min to 18 drops/min to complete the infusion as ordered

Carprofen is the active ingredient in: a.Previcox b.Deramaxx c.Rimadyl d.Metacam

c.Rimadyl

Midazolam can be administered to rabbits in all of the following methods, except: a.Intravenous b.Intramuscular c.Subcutaneous d.Intraperitoneal

c.Subcutaneous

Insulin concentration is measured in: a.Grams per milliliter b.Milligrams per milliliter c.Units per milliliter d.Milliequivalents per milliliter

c.Units per milliliter

What unit of measure is most commonly used for serum potassium? a.International units b.German c.mEq d.French

c.mEq

How many mL will you draw up to administer 25 units of epoetin (2000 units/mL)? a.0.25 mL b.2.5 mL c.0.1 mL d.0.01 mL

d.0.01 mL

A cockatiel needs 80 mg/kg piperacillin via intramuscular injection. If the bird weighs 30 g, and the concentration of piperacillin is 100 mg/mL, how many mL should be administered? a.0.3 mL b.3 mL c.30 mL d.0.03 mL

d.0.03 mL

The concentration of a glucose solution produced when 4500 mg of glucose is dissolved in 3.6 L of water is: a.0.008% b.1.25% c.0.8% d.0.125%

d.0.125%

How many mL of a 50:50 mixture of diazepam and ketamine at a dose of 1 mL/20 lb should be administered to an 8-lb cat? a.2 mL diazepam; 2 mL ketamine b.0.4 mL diazepam; 0.4 mL ketamine c.1 mL diazepam; 1 mL ketamine d.0.2 mL diazepam; 0.2 mL ketamine

d.0.2 mL diazepam; 0.2 mL ketamine

You are asked to administer intravenously 20 mg of furosemide. The solution contains 25 mg/mL. What volume should you draw into the syringe? a.The weight of the patient must be known b.1.25 mL c.2.5 mL d.0.8 mL

d.0.8 mL

You have just administered one tablet of 64.8 mg of phenobarbital. How many grains of drug did you deliver? a.0.6 gr b.0.25 gr c.0.5 gr d.1 gr

d.1 gr

You are asked to give a patient phenobarbital po at 2.2 mg/kg. The medication is available in {1/2}-gr tablets. How many tablets should you give a 35-lb dog? a.{1/4} tablets b.{1/2} tablets c.2 tablets d.1 tablet

d.1 tablet

Lidocaine at 2% is prescribed for a 33-lb beagle at a dose of 2 mg/kg IV. How many mL will you deliver? a.5 mL b.0.15 mL c.0.5 mL d.1.5 mL

d.1.5 mL

Ten cockatiels consume a total of approximately 60 mL/day of water. How many mg of tetracycline powder should you add to the daily measured drinking water so that each 100-g bird receives 10 mg/kg/day? a.60 mg b.100 mg c.36 mg d.10 mg

d.10 mg

A solution of 45 gr/30 mL contains approximately: a.10 g/mL b.1 g/100 mL c.450 mg/mL d.100 mg/mL

d.100 mg/mL

Which of the following is a concentration of a drug solution? a.250 g/lb b.20 gr/mg c.15 mg/kg d.1000 U/mL

d.1000 U/mL

A 4.5-lb cat requires maintenance fluids (66 mL/kg/24 hr). How many mL/hr will be administered in a 24-hour period? a.28 mL b.300 mL c.5 mL d.132 mL

d.132 mL

An anesthesia machine is set to deliver 1 L/min oxygen and 3% isoflurane. Approximately how many mL of isoflurane will be used for a 1-hr procedure? a.180 mL b.2400 mL c.30 mL d.1800 mL

d.1800 mL

A pet needs 50 mg of a tablet, and the medication is available as a 100-mg tablet. How many tablets will be needed? a.4 tablets b.3 tablets c.1 tablet d.2 tablets

d.2 tablets

A dog consumes five bowls of water in a 24-hr period. Each bowl contained exactly 100 mL. If you collect 475 mL of urine over the same 24-hr period, approximately how many mL constitute insensible loss? a.475 mL b.500 mL c.5 mL d.25 mL

d.25 mL

The concentration of furosemide is 5%. How many mg are in 0.5 mL? a.150 mg b.2.5 mg c.50 mg d.25 mg

d.25 mg

The doctor asks you to start a fentanyl constant rate infusion (CRI) at 3 mcg/kg/hr in a 50-kg dog. The fentanyl you have available in the hospital is 50 mcg/mL. What will the rate per hour be? a.1 mL/hr b.5 mL/hr c.50 mL/hr d.3 mL/hr

d.3 mL/hr

A doctor's order calls for prednisone at a dosage of 2 mg/kg to be delivered orally to a 7.5-kg cat. How many 5-mg tablets of prednisone would you administer to the cat? a.2 tablets b.1 tablets c.{1/4} tablets d.3 tablets

d.3 tablets

A 12-fl dram bottle contains approximately: a.68 mL b.36 mL c.120 mL d.45 mL

d.45 mL

A growth in the skin is 2 inches in diameter. What is the diameter of the growth in centimeters? a.20 cm b.2.5 cm c.30 cm d.5 cm

d.5 cm

A 0.5 g/mL sample contains: a.5 mg/mL b.500 mg/100 mL c.5 g/100 mL d.50 g/100 mL

d.50 g/100 mL

One gram of powdered drug diluted with how many mL of sterile water will make a concentration of 20 mg/mL? a.0.05 mL b.100 mL c.0.2 mL d.50 mL

d.50 mL

How many mg of doxapram (Dopram) should be administered to a 7-lb cat, if the dose range is 1 to 5 mg/kg IV and the concentration in the bottle is 20 mg/mL? a.0.59 mg b.0.21 mg c.21 mg d.9.5 mg

d.9.5 mg

Butorphanol and hydrocodone are examples of: a.Antihistamines b.Mucolytics c.Expectorants d.Antitussives

d.Antitussives

Repository forms of parenteral drugs: a.Are extremely irritating to the tissues b.Contain a special coating that protects the drug from the harsh, acidic environment of the stomach c.Are composed of specially prepared plant or animal parts rather than being manufactured from chemicals d.Are formulated to prolong absorption of the drug from the site of administration

d.Are formulated to prolong absorption of the drug from the site of administration

The percentage of the total dose that ultimately reaches the bloodstream is called: a.Distribution b.Absorption c.Clearance d.Bioavailability

d.Bioavailability

Neonatal animals are less tolerant of some drugs than older animals, because in neonates the drugs are: a.Not biotransformed b.Biotransformed more rapidly c.Absorbed more slowly from the gastrointestinal tract d.Biotransformed more slowly

d.Biotransformed more slowly

The mechanism of action of beta-lactams is interference with: a.The uptake of nutrients b.Protein synthesis c.DNA synthesis d.Cell wall synthesis

d.Cell wall synthesis

Which of the following antibiotics should not be given to an animal that demonstrates an allergic response to penicillin administration? a.Fluoroquinolones b.Sulfonamides c.Clindamycin d.Cephalosporins

d.Cephalosporins

Triple sulfas were developed to the avert _________ that was/were seen with single sulfonamide toxicity. a.Seizures b.Diarrhea c.Bronchospasms d.Crystalluria

d.Crystalluria

Atopica is the brand name for: a.Anzemet b.Dolasetron c.Furosemide d.Cyclosporine

d.Cyclosporine

What effect are anticholinergic drugs expected to have on the gastrointestinal tract? a.Increased secretions by the bowel b.Increased movement of feces through the bowel c.Decreased ability of compounds to irritate the bowel wall d.Decreased bowel motility

d.Decreased bowel motility

Metronidazole is the active ingredient in: a.Cerenia b.Carafate c.Reglan d.Flagyl

d.Flagyl

In what species might dexamethasone administration lead to abortion during the last few weeks of gestation? a.Dogs and cats b.Pigs and dogs c.Horses and cats d.Horses and cattle

d.Horses and cattle

Cholinergic agents do all of the following except: a.Cause bradycardia b.Control vomiting c.Increase gastrointestinal motility d.Increase intraocular pressure

d.Increase intraocular pressure

An aerotolerant organism is one that: a.Can tolerate elevated temperatures b.Is tolerant of environments lacking moisture c.Prefers and environment that is dehydrated d.Is not affected by the presence or absence of oxygen

d.Is not affected by the presence or absence of oxygen

Which of the following statements is true when considering the use of butorphanol? a.It is an antibiotic b.It can be reversed using yohimbine c.It is contraindicated in the cat d.It is an antitussive

d.It is an antitussive

How can a drug such as neomycin, which has severe risk of nephrotoxicity when administered by injection, have little risk when administered topically or orally? a.Some species are resistant to kidney damage that may result from the drug. b.Absorbed drug is excreted so quickly that it does not have time to damage the kidneys. c.Subcutaneous enzymes inactivate the drug. d.Little of the drug is absorbed through the skin

d.Little of the drug is absorbed through the skin

Most biotransformation of drugs occurs in the: a.Kidney b.Skin c.Lungs d.Liver

d.Liver

Acepromazine should be avoided in: a.Aggressive patients b.Geriatric patients c.Doberman pinschers d.Patients with a history of seizures

d.Patients with a history of seizures

What is not a short-term effect of corticosteroid therapy? a.Polyphagia b.Delayed healing c.Osteoporosis d.Polyuria

d.Polyuria - wrong

Acepromazine must be used with caution or not at all in: a.Tomcats b.Bitches c.Heifers d.Stallions

d.Stallions

What dosage form must be shaken before administration to an animal? a.Gel b.Solution c.Ointment d.Suspension

d.Suspension

Each drug approved for use in food-producing animals has a time period given on the label between the last dose and when the animal can be slaughtered for food or when the milk can be sold. What is this period called? a.Refractory period b.Half-life period c.Secretion period d.Withdrawal period

d.Withdrawal period