Pharmacology Chapter 12 Elsevier
c. Discontinue the infusion.
A patient receiving a unit of red blood cells suddenly develops shortness of breath, chills, and fever. What will the nurse do first? a. Reassure the patient that this is an expected reaction. b. Notify the health care provider while a peer monitors the blood transfusion. c. Discontinue the infusion. d. Decrease the infusion rate and reassess the patient in 15 min.
b. 5% dextrose and normal saline
Based on the condition of the patient, an intravenous fluid that is hypertonic will be ordered. Which intravenous fluid is most likely to be ordered by the health care provider? a. Normal saline b. 5% dextrose and normal saline c. 2.5% dextrose and water d. 0.33% NaCl
d. 0.33% NaCl
Based on the condition of the patient, an intravenous fluid that is hypotonic will be ordered. Which intravenous fluid is most likely to be ordered by the health care provider? a. Normal saline b. 5% dextrose and normal saline (D5NS) c. 5% dextrose and lactated Ringer (D5LR) d. 0.33% NaCl
c. Stop the infusion.
The health care provider has ordered 5% dextrose in water as a maintenance fluid for the patient. The nurse is assessing the patient at the beginning of the shift and observes the fluid hanging to be 50% dextrose in water (D50W). Which is the highest priority nursing action? a. Notify the health care provider of the error. b. Find out which nurse hung the D50W. c. Stop the infusion. d. Complete an incident report.
b. Assess skin for flushing and assess increased thirst.
The nurse is administering hypertonic saline solution to treat a patient with severe hyponatremia. Which nursing intervention is the priority? a. Monitor urinary output. b. Assess skin for flushing and assess increased thirst. c. Monitor temperature. d. Administer antiemetic for vomiting.
d. Normal saline
The nurse is preparing to administer a transfusion of a blood product. What is the most appropriate intravenous fluid to hang as a maintenance infusion? a. Lactated Ringer b. 5% dextrose and water c. Ringer solution d. Normal saline
b. Confirm the identity of the patient.
The patient has been ordered to receive a unit of packed red blood cells. What is the highest priority nursing action prior to initiating the infusion of the blood product? a. Verify that a large bore IV is in place. b. Confirm the identity of the patient. c. Collect the blood product from the blood bank. d. Verify that the permit for infusion was witnessed.
a. Normal saline
The patient is ordered an isotonic intravenous fluid. Which intravenous fluid is most likely to be ordered by the health care provider? a. Normal saline b. 5% dextrose and normal saline (D5NS) c. 5% dextrose and lactated Ringer (D5LR) d. 0.33% NaCl
b. Administer the medication using an infusion device.
What is the priority nursing intervention when administering intravenous potassium replacement to the patient? a. Administer potassium as a bolus over 10 min. b. Administer the medication using an infusion device. c. Apply heat to the site of intravenous administration. d. Teach the patient and family the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia.
a. Sodium
Which electrolyte is the major cation of extracellular fluid? a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Chloride d. Phosphorous
b. Potassium
Which electrolyte is the major ion of the intracellular space? a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Chloride d. Phosphorous
a. Attach telemetry leads for monitoring.
Which is the priority intervention when the nurse is assessing a patient with a potassium level of 3.2 mEq/L? a. Attach telemetry leads for monitoring. b. Apply oxygen. c. Administer Kayexalate. d. Start IV fluids.
b. A 6 kilogram (13.2 lb) 2-month-old neonate is 75% to 80% water.
Which statement accurately describes the total body water (TBW) composition compared to weight? a. A 70 kilogram (154 lb) 40-year-old man is 40% water. b. A 6 kilogram (13.2 lb) 2-month-old neonate is 75% to 80% water. c. A 60 kilogram 70-year-old is 75% water. d. A 3 kg 2-week-old is 95% water.
