Pharmacology - Chapter 3 and 4

Which drug classification is used to treat superinfections? antibiotics antifungals antimalarials antihistamines

antifungals

A nurse is administering gentamicin, an antibiotic that is ototoxic. Which report or sign would indicate that the client is suffering from ototoxicity? irregularities in cardiac rhythms and conduction buzzing or ringing sound in the ears (tinnitus) altered acid-base balance increased incidence of bacterial and viral infections

buzzing or ringing sound in the ears (tinnitus)

Which prescribed medications should the nurse administer to an adult having an anaphylactic reaction? norepinephrine atropine epinephrine histamine

epinephrine

Some clients are excessively responsive to either the primary or secondary effects of a drug. This is known as hypersensitivity, and it may result from a pathological or underlying condition. Which are examples of hypersensitivity? Select all that apply. an anaphylactic reaction to seafood a pregnant client who takes phenytoin and delivers a child with birth defects A client who has chronic renal failure and is taking diphenhydramine A client on postoperative day 2 from a prostatectomy who takes ipratropium

A client who has chronic renal failure and is taking diphenhydramine A client on postoperative day 2 from a prostatectomy who takes ipratropium

The nurse is applying the nursing process to the care of a client with diabetes. The client has been prescribed a new antihyperglycemic. What activity should the nurse do first? Assess the client for any other chronic conditions. Teach a client about the drug's potential adverse effects. Teach the client how to safely store the medication. Determine that drug has stabilized the client's blood glucose levels.

Assess the client for any other chronic conditions.

What does successful use of the nursing process require? (Select all that apply.) Observation Teaching Practice Experience Updating

Observation Teaching Practice Experience Updating

A nurse is performing the following activities. What is the proper sequence of the steps as suggested by the nursing process? Questioning the client about medications and health history Obtaining the client's weight and vital signs Analyzing for changes in the client's condition Identifying if the client is at risk for skin breakdown Instructing the client to take the medication with meals

Questioning the client about medications and health history Obtaining the client's weight and vital signs Identifying if the client is at risk for skin breakdown Instructing the client to take the medication with meals Analyzing for changes in the client's condition

All drugs have adverse reactions when taken. Organ and tissue damage is one such adverse reaction. Which is an example of organ and tissue damage caused by a drug? Stevens-Johnson syndrome Atropine-like (cholinergic) effects Parkinson-like syndrome Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

A client is believed to be developing neuroleptic malignant syndrome. What is the nurse's assessment priority? Oxygen saturation Deep tendon reflexes Cognition Temperature

Temperature

What would the nurse expect to assess if a client develops neuroleptic malignant syndrome? mental confusion hypothermia hypertension hyperactive reflexes

hypertension

The nurse is caring for a client with a history of osteoporosis being treated with a bisphosphonate. What education should the nurse provide in order to reduce the risk of adverse effects? "It's important to stay sitting upright for 30 minutes after taking this pill." "Make sure that you don't drink any grapefruit juice until this drug is discontinued." "Your health care provider will give a list of the foods that you'll need to avoid." "Try to remember to get up slowly from bed or chairs while you're on this drug."

"It's important to stay sitting upright for 30 minutes after taking this pill."

A nurse has collected all the relevant data and is now clustering the information to determine the client's needs. The nurse is involved in which phase of the nursing process? Assessment Analysis Planning Implementation

Analysis

What must occur prior to initiating an effective therapeutic regimen? (Select all that apply.) Client complies with other tasks of daily living. Client verbalizes desire to manage the medication regimen. Client must demonstrate ability to read. Nurse's assessment of the client's ability to understand medication regimen. Assessment of client's educational level.

Client complies with other tasks of daily living. Client verbalizes desire to manage the medication regimen. Nurse's assessment of the client's ability to understand medication regimen. Assessment of client's educational level.

What is conducted by the nurse during the evaluation step of the nursing process? (Select all that apply.) Independent nursing actions Collection of objective data Collection of subjective data Initial assessment Ongoing assessment

Collection of objective data Collection of subjective data Ongoing assessment

How does knowledge of a drug's adverse effects impact the care provided by the nurse? (Select all that apply.) Drug teaching can address signs and symptoms the client should be alert for. Assessments include monitoring for expected or common adverse effects. Baseline can be established to help identify adverse effects that occur. Decisions can be made about whether or not to administer the drug. Adverse effects can be avoided through interventions made before giving the drug.

Drug teaching can address signs and symptoms the client should be alert for. Assessments include monitoring for expected or common adverse effects. Baseline can be established to help identify adverse effects that occur.

A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client who is receiving medications. Which points would the nurse expect to include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply. Chemical name of the drug Method for administering the drug Calculation for the prescribed dosage Expected effect of the drug Information to report to the primary health care provider

Expected effect of the drug Information to report to the primary health care provider Method for administering the drug

What is the benefit of effective communication between all health care providers and nursing staff when considering medication safety for the client? (Select all that apply.) Keep everyone in the loop. Help prevent medication errors. The health care provider can answer family questions. Help prevent adverse effects. Help promote a safe and effective medication regimen.

Help prevent medication errors. Help prevent adverse effects. Help promote a safe and effective medication regimen.

A nurse is conducting an initial assessment of a client. Which factor would the nurse be most likely to address? Select all that apply. Use of over-the-counter drugs Effectiveness of pain relief Use of over-the-counter drugs History of allergies Auscultation of bowel sounds Understanding of newly prescribed medication

History of allergies Auscultation of bowel sounds Use of over-the-counter drugs

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of clients requiring long-term medication therapy. The nurse expects to include common reasons for nonadherence to self-medication administration self-medication administration. Which points would the nurse be most likely to include? Select all that apply. Lack of knowledge about expected results Bothersome adverse effects Depression Anxiety Lack of information about the drug

Lack of knowledge about expected results Bothersome adverse effects Anxiety Lack of information about the drug

A nurse is evaluating a client's understanding of the prescribed drug therapy regimen. Which actions would the nurse use as part of this process? Select all that apply. Facial expressions "Yes" answers when asked about understanding Nodding of head through interaction Regimen being followed correctly Correct answers to questions asked

Regimen being followed correctly Correct answers to questions asked Facial expressions

A nursing student is learning about disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. The student learns that these drugs have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties as well as what? Decrease the client's sedimentation rate. Improve joint deformity. Slow tissue damage. Eliminate pain.

Slow tissue damage.

What information from the Kardex is likely to have the greatest implication in educating the client about antihistamine administration? The client's age The client's smoking habit The client's profession The client's medical history

The client's profession

The nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted after an acetaminophen overdosage. Which of the nurse's assessment findings suggest liver damage? (Select all that apply.) The client's skin and eyes are visibly jaundiced. The client's AST and ALT levels are elevated. The client's temperature is 102.5° F (39.2° C). The client has an elevated red blood cell count. The client's eyes are sensitive to light.

The client's skin and eyes are visibly jaundiced. The client's AST and ALT levels are elevated. The client's temperature is 102.5° F (39.2° C).

A public warning has been issued about medication errors involving sound-alike drug names. This warning will be coordinated by what organization? U.S. Pharmacopeia Food and Drug Administration Joint Commission Institute for Safe Medication Practices

U.S. Pharmacopeia

The nurse should have basic knowledge of drug classifications in order to administer medications safely to clients. What drug information is instrumental in determining nursing actions following drug administration? route of administration body system affected adverse effects protocols

adverse effects

Organ and tissue damage is one adverse reaction caused by drugs. What are examples of such organ and tissue damage? Select all that apply. dermatological reactions stomatitis blood dyscrasia poisoning

dermatological reactions stomatitis blood dyscrasia poisoning

The nurse assigned a 49-year-old client diagnosed with acute colitis, has just completed gathering data concerning core drug knowledge and core client variables. What will the nurse do next to best manage the client's drug therapy needs? evaluate the outcome of the drug therapy. devise strategies to maximize the therapeutic effects of the drug. implement planned nursing actions. assess for data that will indicate interactions between core drug knowledge and core client variables.

devise strategies to maximize the therapeutic effects of the drug.

One of the most common occurrences in drug therapy is the development of adverse effects from simple overdose. In such cases, the client suffers from effects that are merely an extension of the desired effect. Which are examples of this primary action? Select all that apply. spontaneous bleeding after taking warfarin dizziness after starting amlodipine drowsiness after taking diphenhydramine diarrhea after taking cefuroxime

drowsiness after taking diphenhydramine diarrhea after taking cefuroxime

A client is receiving antibiotics for treatment of infection. The nurse should assess for what potential indications of superinfection? Select all that apply. fever glossitis joint pain difficulty swallowing epistaxis

fever glossitis

What factors can potentially contribute to a hypersensitivity reaction? (Select all that apply.) pathological condition unique receptors and cellular responses age-related changes infrequent administration of a drug creation of antibodies

pathological condition unique receptors and cellular responses age-related changes

The nurse is providing care for a client whose most recent laboratory results indicate a potassium level of 6.1 mEq/L (6.1 mmol/L). After completing assessment and informing the provider, the nurse should administer: sodium polystyrene sulfonate as prescribed. hypotonic intravenous solution as prescribed. acetylcysteine intravenously as prescribed. potassium-wasting diuretics as prescribed.

sodium polystyrene sulfonate as prescribed.

What would lead the nurse to suspect that a client has developed a blood dyscrasia related to drug therapy? (Select all that apply.) thrombocytopenia anemia leukocytosis dilute urine headache sore throat

sore throat thrombocytopenia anemia

After teaching a group of nursing students about nursing diagnoses, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students correctly point out which item as the most useful related to the nursing diagnoses developed by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International (NANDA-I)? Identifying client problems related to drug therapy Classifying the clients according to their age groups Categorizing the drugs based on their therapeutic actions Identifying the expected outcomes of treatments given

Identifying client problems related to drug therapy

A client who was diagnosed with Alzheimer disease 20 years ago is currently in the late stage of the disease. The client's caregiver asks the nurse if the client can go back on the medication donepezil. Which response by the nurse is appropriate? "Let me discuss your concerns with the prescriber." "A newer drug that has recently been developed is galantamine." "The drugs are best used early as they slow the progression of AD." "Donepezil has had research studies findings suggestive of curing of AD."

"The drugs are best used early as they slow the progression of AD."

Considering drug therapy, what would be an appropriately stated expected outcome for a client? "The client will verbalize three medication side effects prior to discharge." "The client will take the medication." "The client will demonstrate pain relief." "The client's blood pressure will be improved."

"The client will verbalize three medication side effects prior to discharge."

A client has been prescribed a tricyclic antidepressant and the nurse recognizes the client's associated risk for anticholinergic effects. What should the nurse teach the client about preventing and managing these adverse effects? (Select all that apply.) Maintain good oral hygiene to minimize dry mouth. Void before taking the medication so urinary hesitation is less problematic. Avoid situations where bruising or lacerations are a possibility. Eat several small meals daily rather than three larger meals. Use caution in situations where it may be possible to become overheated.

Maintain good oral hygiene to minimize dry mouth. Void before taking the medication so urinary hesitation is less problematic. Use caution in situations where it may be possible to become overheated.

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a respiratory condition for which drug therapy has been prescribed. What would the nurse need to address when developing appropriate expected outcomes related to the drug therapy? Amount of time the client will take to recover fully Number of drugs the client will require during the treatment Possible adverse reactions that could occur during the therapy Maximum level of wellness reasonably attainable for the client

Maximum level of wellness reasonably attainable for the client

The nurse is assessing a diverse group of clients, all of whom are being treated with medications. Which clients are experiencing adverse effects related to the primary actions of their medications? (Select all that apply.) a client whose diuretic causes episodes of dizziness a client whose benzodiazepine causes sedation a client who experiences nausea after taking an oral antibiotic a client who finds that a hypnotic causes an unpleasant metallic taste a client whose vitamin B supplement changes the color of his urine

a client whose diuretic causes episodes of dizziness a client whose benzodiazepine causes sedation

Some clients are excessively responsive to either the primary or secondary effects of a drug. This is known as hypersensitivity, and it may result from a pathological or underlying condition. Which is an example of hypersensitivity? (Select all that apply.) a client who reports difficulty breathing and hives soon after taking an antibiotic a pregnant client who needs to take antiseizure medication and is at risk for her fetus developing defects a client with kidney problems who may not be able to excrete the drug, which may accumulate in the body, resulting in toxicity a client with an enlarged prostate who takes an anticholinergic drug and may develop urinary retention or even bladder paralysis when the drug's effects block the urinary sphincters

a client with kidney problems who may not be able to excrete the drug, which may accumulate in the body, resulting in toxicity a client with an enlarged prostate who takes an anticholinergic drug and may develop urinary retention or even bladder paralysis when the drug's effects block the urinary sphincters

A client began a new medication 4 days ago and has been reporting increasing malaise for the past 72 hours. The nurse is reviewing the client's most recent laboratory findings. What findings should suggest the possibility of a cytotoxic reaction? (Select all that apply.) decreased hematocrit decreased leukocytes increased liver enzymes decreased potassium increased sodium and chloride

decreased hematocrit decreased leukocytes increased liver enzymes

Which drug allergy involves antibodies bound to specific white blood cells? anaphylactic reaction cytotoxic reaction serum sickness reaction delayed allergic reaction

delayed allergic reaction

What would the nurse expect the prescribing health care provider to order for a client with a delayed allergic reaction? epinephrine antipyretic anti-inflammatory topical corticosteroid

topical corticosteroid