Pharmacology Exam 2 NCLEX Questions
A patient taking isoniazid is worried about the side effects. Which of the following does the nurse realize is an adverse effect of the drug? a. Ototoxicity b. Hepatotoxicity c. Nephrotoxicity d. Optic nerve toxicity
B
A nurse is preparing to administer nafcillin IM to an adult client who has an infection. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? (Select all that apply.) a. Select a 25-guage, 1/2-inch needle for the injection. b. Administer the medication deeply into the ventrogluteal muscle c. Ask the client about an allergy to penicillin before administering the medication d. Monitor the client for 30 min following the injection e. Tell the client to expect a temporary rash to develop following the injection
B, C, D
A nurse at a provider's office is preparing to administer RV, DTaP, Hib, PCV13, and IPV immunizations to a 4-month-old infant. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? (Select all that apply.) a. Administer IPV orally. b. Administer subcutaneous injections in the anterolateral thigh. c. Administer IM injections in the deltoid muscle d. Give the infant a pacifier during vaccine injections. e. Teach caregivers to give aspirin on a schedule for 24 hr after immunization.
B, D
A 30-year-old woman presents with a recurrence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection, and metronidazole is ordered. The patient's history reveals which of the following contraindications? a. A recent pregnancy test is negative. b. She previously took metronidazole and had no side effects. c. She drinks an occasional glass of wine. d. She takes an oral contraceptive.
C
A nurse is teaching a client who has manifestations of a urinary tract infection. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following tests is needed to determine which microorganism is causing the infection? a. Blood WBC b. Blood creatinine c. Urine culture d. Urine specific gravity
C
The nurse is preparing to administer routine, recommended immunizations to an immunocompromised 1-year-old child. What is the most important information to know prior to administering a vaccination? a. The type of vaccine to be administered to the child b. The child presents with a temperature of 99.8°F. c. The child's vaccine report shows immunizations were received on time. d. The child did not experience adverse reactions to prior immunizations.
A
A 38-year-old migrant farm worker is seen in the clinic with a cut to his arm from an old metal drum. The patient has sutures placed, and a tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine is given. What is the nurse's most important action after the vaccine has been administered? a. The nurse provides the patient with a vaccine information statement about the tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine in the patient's primary language. b. The nurse determines the exact date of the patient's last tetanus booster. c. The nurse documents that the patient did not experience any side effects immediately following immunization. d. The nurse provides the patient with a record of the immunization administered at the visit.
A
A mother of two children was just diagnosed with hepatitis C virus. Which of the following is incorrect about hepatitis C virus? a. A vaccine is available. b. Hepatitis C virus can be transmitted by blood and body fluids. c. Hepatitis C virus can cause hepatic carcinoma. d. Persons with hepatitis C virus can become chronic carriers.
A
A patient is beginning isoniazid and rifampin treatment for tuberculosis. The nurse gives the patient which instruction? a. Do not skip doses. b. Take both drugs three times daily with food. c. Take an antacid with the drugs to decrease gastrointestinal distress. d. Take rifampin initially, and begin isoniazid after 2 months.
A
A patient is diagnosed with malaria and is prescribed mefloquine hydrochloride. The nurse anticipates that which lab test will be ordered? a. Liver enzymes b. Blood glucose c. Sputum culture and sensitivity d. White blood cell count
A
A patient is receiving tetracycline. Which advice should the nurse include when teaching this patient about tetracycline? a. Take sunscreen precautions when at the beach. b. Take an antacid with the drug to prevent severe gastrointestinal distress. c. Obtain frequent hearing tests for early detection of hearing loss. d. Obtain frequent eye checkups for early detection of retinal damage.
A
A patient is taking sulfasalazine. What should the nurse teach the patient to do? a. Drink at least 10 glasses of fluid per day. b. Monitor blood glucose carefully to avoid hyperglycemia. c. Avoid operating a motor vehicle because this drug may cause drowsiness. d. Take this drug with an antacid to decrease the risk of gastrointestinal distress.
A
A patient with a history of malaria who is being treated with chloroquine is in the clinic for a follow-up visit. What should the nurse advise the patient to do? a. Get frequent hearing checks. b. Take antimalarials before meals. c. Get frequent testing of stool specimens. d. Check your heart rate before taking this medication.
A
Amoxicillin is prescribed for a patient who has a respiratory infection. The nurse is teaching the patient about this medication and realizes that more teaching is needed when the patient makes which statement? a. This medication should not be taken with food. b. I will take my entire prescription of medication. c. I should report to the physician any genital itching. d. If I experience any excess bleeding, I will contact the health care provider.
A
The nurse enters a patient's room to find that his heart rate is 120, his blood pressure is 70/50, and he has red blotching of his face and neck. Vancomycin is running intravenous piggyback. The nurse believes that this patient is experiencing a severe adverse effect called red man syndrome. What action will the nurse take? a. Stop the infusion and call the health care provider. b. Reduce the infusion to 10 mg/minute. c. Encourage the patient to drink more fluids, up to 2 L/day. d. Report onset of Stevens-Johnson syndrome to the health care provider.
A
With the help of an interpreter, the nurse has just immunized a 35-year-old woman with the tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine and the vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella. It is essential that the nurse proceed with which action(s)? (Select all that apply.) a. Provide a vaccine information statement in the patient's preferred language for each vaccine received. b. Document in the patient's record the date; site and route of administration; vaccine type, manufacturer, lot number, and expiration date; and the name, business address, and title of the person administering the vaccine. c. Administer a dose of ibuprofen to prevent postimmunization fever. d. Instruct the patient to call about any injection site soreness.
A, B
A 12-month-old child just received the first measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. For which of the following findings should the nurse instruct the family to monitor for as adverse effects of the MMR vaccine? (Select all that apply.) a. Rash b. Swollen glands c. Bruising d. Headache e. Inconsolable crying
A, B, C
A nurse is teaching a group of nurses about antimicrobial therapy. The nurse should instruct that effective penetration of antibiotics can be impeded by which of the following conditions? a. Meningitis b. An infected abscess c. Endocarditis d. Pneumonia e. Pyelonephritis
A, B, C
A nurse is teaching a group of nurses about the importance of prophylactic antimicrobial therapy. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. Administer prophylactic antimicrobial therapy to clients who report exposure to a sexually transmitted infection. b. Administer prophylactic antimicrobial therapy to clients who are having orthopedic surgery. c. Instruct clients who have a prosthetic heart valve about the need for prophylactic antimicrobial therapy before dental work d. Consult the provider for prophylactic antimicrobial therapy for clients who have recurrent urinary tract infections. e. Instruct clients to request prophylactic antimicrobial therapy immediately when they have an upper respiratory infection
A, B, C, D
A patient is taking a cephalosporin. The nurse anticipates which appropriate nursing intervention(s) for this medication? (Select all that apply.) a. Monitoring renal function studies b. Monitoring liver function studies c. Infusing intravenous medication over 30 minutes d. Monitoring the patient for mouth ulcers e. Advising the patient to stop the medication when he or she feels better
A, B, C, D
The nurse is teaching a patient about trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Which instructions will the nurse plan to include? (Select all that apply.) a. Report any bruising or bleeding. b. Report any diarrhea or bloody stools. c. Report any fever, rash, or sore throat. d. Avoid unprotected exposure to sunlight. e. Report thirst and polyuria.
A, B, C, D
Which nursing intervention(s) should the nurse consider for the patient taking ciprofloxacin? (Select all that apply.) a. Obtain culture before drug administration. b. Tell the patient to avoid taking ciprofloxacin with antacids. c. Monitor the patient for tinnitus. d. Encourage fluids to prevent crystalluria. e. Infuse intravenous ciprofloxacin over 60 minutes. f. Monitor blood glucose because ciprofloxacin can decrease effects of oral hypoglycemics.
A, B, C, D, E
A patient is prescribed daptomycin. Which action(s) should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.) a. Monitor blood values for toxicity. b. Dilute in 50 to100 mL of normal saline and administer intravenously over 30 minutes. c. Monitor the patient for allergic reactions such as rhabdomyolysis. d. Advise the patient to take the medication on an empty stomach, even if gastrointestinal distress occurs. e. Culture the infected area before administering the first dose.
A, B, C, E
Penicillin G has been prescribed for a patient. Which nursing intervention(s) should the nurse perform for this patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Collect culture and sensitivity before the first dose. b. Monitor the patient for mouth ulcers. c. Instruct the patient to limit fluid intake to 1000 mL/day. d. Have epinephrine on hand for a potential severe allergic reaction. e. No particular interventions are required for this patient.
A, B, D
Which instruction(s) will the nurse include when teaching patients about gentamicin? (Select all that apply.) a. Patients should report any hearing loss. b. Patients should use sunscreen when taking gentamicin. c. Intravenous gentamicin will be given over 20 minutes. d. Patients are monitored for mouth ulcers and vaginitis. e. Peak levels will be drawn 30 minutes before the intravenous dose. f. Patients should increase fluid intake.
A, B, D, F
A patient is taking azithromycin. Which nursing intervention(s) would the nurse plan to implement for this patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Monitor periodic liver function tests. b. Dilute with 50 mL of 5% dextrose in water for intravenous administration. c. Instruct the patient to report any loose stools or diarrhea. d. Instruct the patient to report evidence of superinfection. e. Teach the patient to take oral drug 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. f. Advise the patient to avoid antacids from 2 hours prior to 2 hours after administration.
A, C, D, E, F
Acyclovir has been ordered for a patient with genital herpes. Which nursing interventions are appropriate for this patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Monitor the patient's blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. b. Monitor the patient's blood pressure for hypertension. c. Administer intravenous acyclovir over 30 minutes. d. Advise maintenance of adequate fluid intake. e. Monitor complete blood count for blood dyscrasias.
A, D, E
A patient has been diagnosed with tuberculosis and is to begin antitubercular therapy with isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol. What should the nurse do? (Select all that apply.) a. Encourage periodic eye examinations. b. Instruct the patient to take medications with meals. c. Suggest that the patient take antacids with medications to prevent gastrointestinal distress. d. Advise the patient to report numbness and tingling of the hands or feet. e. Alert the patient that body fluids may develop a red-orange color. f. Teach the patient to avoid direct sunlight and to use sunblock.
A, D, E, F
A nurse is administering gentamicin by IV infusion at 0900. The medication will take 1 hr to infuse. When should the nurse plan to obtain a blood sample for a peak blood level of gentamicin? a. 1000 b. 1030 c. 1100 d. 1130
B
A nurse is caring for a group of clients who are receiving antimicrobial therapy. The nurse should identify that which of the following clients is at risk for medication toxicity? a. A young adult client who has a sinus infection b. An older adult client who has prostatitis c. A client who is postpartum and has mastitis d. A middle adult client who has a urinary tract infection
B
A nurse is caring for several clients who came to the clinic for a seasonal influenza immunization. The nurse would identify that which of the following clients is a candidate to receive the vaccine via nasal spray rather than an injection? a. 1-year-old who has no health problems b. 17-year-old who has a hypersensitivity to penicillin c. 25-year-old who is pregnant d. 52-year-old who takes a multivitamin supplement
B
A nurse is implementing a plan of care for client who has a wound infection. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority? a. Administer antibiotic medication b. Obtain a wound specimen for culture c. Monitor the client for a superinfection d. Teach the client about wound care
B
A nurse is teaching a client about taking tetracycline to treat a GI infection due to Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the instructions? a. "I will take this medication with 8 ounces of milk." b. "I will let my doctor know if I start having diarrhea." c. "I can stop taking this medication when I feel completely well." d. "I can take this medication just before bedtime."
B
A patient is admitted to the hospital with multidrug-resistant urinary tract infection. Lab tests show Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Colistimethate sodium is ordered by intramuscular injection. The nurse understands that which of the following is the purpose for this drug? a. This drug prevents toxic adverse reactions. b. This drug treats aerobic gram-negative bacteria. c. This drug is safe for patients with renal impairments. d. This drug prevents antibiotic resistance.
B
An 18-month-old child is accompanied to the clinic by her grandmother, the child's legal guardian. The grandmother reports that the child is due for her fourth diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccination. The nurse determines that the child should not receive the diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine that day for which reason? a. The child received a varicella vaccine 2 weeks ago. b. The grandmother is receiving chemotherapy. c. The third diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis dose was administered 4 months ago. d. The nurse sees that the child has a runny nose during the visit.
C
The father of a 4-month-old infant calls in to the clinic reporting that his child is having a reaction to immunizations. What is the most important piece of information the nurse should elicit? a. The time the immunization was received b. Whether the father has given the infant any acetaminophen c. The signs and symptoms the infant is experiencing d. The sites used to administer the immunizations
C
The nurse teaches a patient taking amphotericin B to report which signs and symptoms to the health care provider? a. Change in sight b. Decrease in hearing c. Decrease in urine d. Painful red rash and blisters
C
A 14-year-old girl requests a vaccination for human papillomavirus. After the nurse administers the first dose, which of the following is important to include in the patient's teaching? a. Human papillomavirus prevents all sexually transmitted diseases. b. Pap smears are no longer needed after the human papillomavirus vaccination. c. The patient needs to notify the health care provider about pain at the injection site. d. The date the patient needs to return to the clinic for the next human papillomavirus dose
D
A 50-year-old woman is being discharged from the hospital after treatment for malaria. Which teaching topic would best inform the patient about adverse reactions? a. The occurrence of headaches b. Experiencing dizziness c. Developing mild pruritus d. Respiratory distress
D
A nurse is caring for a group of clients who are not protected against varicella. The nurse should prepare to administer the varicella vaccine at this time to which of the following clients? a. 24-year-old client in the third trimester of pregnancy b. 12-year-old child who has a severe allergy to neomycin c. 2-month-old infant who has no health problems d. 32-year-old client who has essential hypertension
D
A nurse is teaching a group of new guardians about immunizations. The nurse should instruct the guardians that the series for which of the following vaccines is completed prior to the first birthday? a. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine b. Meningococcal conjugate vaccine c. Varicella vaccine d. Rotavirus vaccine
D
A patient is taking levofloxacin. What does the nurse know to be true regarding this drug? a. It is administered by intravenous only. b. Levofloxacin may cause hypertension. c. This drug is classified as an aminoglycoside. d. An adverse effect is dysrhythmia.
D
A patient is taking thiabendazole for trichinosis. What does the nurse realize about this condition and its treatment? a. The medication is given for 7 days. b. The medication should be avoided if the patient has renal disease. c. Family members should be checked for the same disease. d. Proper hygiene must be taught to avoid the spread of disease.
D
For which serious adverse effect should the nurse closely monitor a patient who is taking lincosamides? a. Seizures b. Ototoxicity c. Hepatotoxicity d. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
D
The nurse is preparing to administer varicella vaccine to a young woman. Which of the following findings has the greatest implication for this young woman's care? a. The patient tells the nurse she is "deathly afraid of needles." b. The medical record indicates that the patient is allergic to eggs. c. The medical history indicates that the patient had leukemia as a young child. d. The patient appears to be pregnant.
D
Which of the following patients would be eligible to receive the influenza vaccine? a. The patient who is taking care of her son with human immunodeficiency virus b. The patient who is pregnant c. The patient with an egg allergy d. The child who is 18 months old
D
Zanamivir is ordered for a patient. What does the nurse know about use of this drug? a. It is a treatment for herpes simplex virus type 2. b. Oral administration is for treatment of herpes simplex virus type 1. c. It treats varicella-zoster virus. d. Administration must be within 48 hours of onset of symptoms to be effective.
D
