Pharmacology Exam

A patient received atropine as a preoperative medication 30 minutes ago. The nurse evaluates the medication as effective if the patient states, A. "My mouth feels dry." B. "I have a headache." C. "I feel like I need to throw up." D. "I need to urinate."

A. "My mouth feels dry.

Stimulation of which adrenergic receptor results in dilation of vessels and decrease in blood pressure? A. Alpha 2 B. Alpha 1 C. Beta 1 D. Beta 2

A. Alpha 2

Which drug(s) may be used to prevent ulcers? (Select all that apply.) A. Antacids B. Histamine 2 Blockers (H2 Blockers) C. Antidiabetic drugs D. Laxatives E. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

A. Antacids B. Histamine 2 Blockers (H2 Blockers) E. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

What is the process of dissolution? A. Combining small drug particles with liquid to form a solution B. Breakdown of oral drug form into small particles C. The requirement of energy to move against the concentration gradient. D. Cell carries drug across membrane by engulfing drug particles.

A. Combining small drug particles with liquid to form a solution

A client is taking a drug that has a half-life of 24 to 30 hours. In preparing discharge teaching, which dosing schedule would the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for this drug? A. Daily B. Every other day C. Three times each day D. Twice daily

A. Daily

The nurse identifies the primary purpose of federal legislation in drug standards as A. Ensuring public safety. B. Preventing overcharging for drugs. C. Controlling efforts in drug research. D. Moderating effective drug usage.

A. Ensuring public safety.

The client is experiencing diarrhea. Which food(s) will the nurse advise the client to avoid? (Select all that apply.) A. Fried foods B. Gelatin C. Bottled water D. Clear liquids E. Milk products

A. Fried foods E. Milk products

A patient is prescribed scopolamine. It is most important for the nurse to assess the patient for a history of which condition? A. Glaucoma B. Gastric Ulcer C. Diabetes Mellitus D. Allergy to penicillin

A. Glaucoma

What assessment finding would the nurse identify as an adverse effect of Bethanechol? A. Hypotension B. Urinary frequency C. Diaphoresis D. Abdominal cramps

A. Hypotension

A toddler requires an oral medication. What is the most appropriate way for the nurse to administer the oral medication? A. In an oral syringe B. On a pacifier C. Mixed in the formula in a bottle D. In a cup of juice

A. In an oral syringe

Which patients can benefit the most from pharmacogenetics? A. Patients who are taking black box warning drugs B. Patients on a single drug regimen. C. Patients who are responding well to their current regimen D. Patients who have not had any adverse reactions.

A. Patients who are taking black box warning drugs

Disintegration of enteric-coated tablets occurs which organ? A. Small intestines B. Large intestines C. Stomach D. Liver

A. Small intestines

Before administering new drugs to the older adult, which information(s) is most important for the nurse to know beforehand? (Select all that apply.) A. Whether the drug is highly protein bound B. Where the drug was manufactured C. Half-life of the drug D. Patient's last bowel movement E. Baseline vital signs

A. Whether the drug is highly protein bound C. Half-life of the drug E. Baseline vital signs

A client diagnosed with an ulcer was prescribed famotidine. Which information will the nurse include in the teaching plan? (Select all that apply.) A. "Avoid cranberry juice when taking this medication." B. "Avoid alcoholic beverages and spicy foods." C. "Take 1 to 2 hours before taking any antacids." D. "Take this medication with beverages that are high in caffeine." E. "There is no need for you to stop smoking while taking this medication."

B. "Avoid alcoholic beverages and spicy foods." C. "Take 1 to 2 hours before taking any antacids."

The client who is scheduled for a barium enema is prescribed Bisacodyl the day before the procedure. Which response by the nurse would be appropriate when the client asks how Bisacodyl works? A. "By causing muscle contraction of the stomach, it will push the stool down through the intestines." B. "By irritating the sensory nerve endings of the intestinal mucosa, it will increase peristalsis." C. "It will increases water in the gut." D. "It is an emetic, so you will vomit, and your stomach will be empty for the test."

B. "By irritating the sensory nerve endings of the intestinal mucosa, it will increase peristalsis."

What should the nurse include in the plan of care of for patients who are on an antiemetic drug? (Select All That Apply) A. Teach the patient that the medication will induce vomiting. B. Alert patient to avoid driving a motor vehicle or engage in dangerous activities. C. Provide mouth care after vomiting D. Warn patient not to consume alcohol while taking antiemetics E. Monitor bowel sounds for hypoactivity or hyperactivity

B. Alert patient to avoid driving a motor vehicle or engage in dangerous activities. C. Provide mouth care after vomiting D. Warn patient not to consume alcohol while taking antiemetics E. Monitor bowel sounds for hypoactivity or hyperactivity

What is a potential side effect of psyllium? A. Constipation B. Flatulence C. Rash D. Hyperkalemia

B. Flatulence

Ondansetron has been ordered for the patient undergoing cancer chemotherapy to control the severe nausea and vomiting. What side effects should the nurse observe for? A. Psychosis and middle ear disturbances B. Headache, dizziness, and fatigue C. Abdominal cramping and irritability D. Anorexia and hair loss

B. Headache, dizziness, and fatigue

What is the first step of the nursing process when working with patients receiving drug therapy? A. Implementation B. Evaluation C. Assessment D. Planning

C. Assessment

When assessing older adults and those with renal dysfunction, the nurse knows that creatinine clearance is usually A. Substantially increased B. Remain unchanged C. Decreased D. Slightly increased

C. Decreased

Which nursing actions would be most appropriate for ensuring patient safety with a medication that has a low therapeutic index? A. Monitoring a patient's urine output B. Maintaining strict isolation precautions C. Monitoring serum peak and trough levels D. Assessing vital signs hourly

C. Monitoring serum peak and trough levels

What is considered a purpose of the clinical application of pharmacogenetics? A. To increase adverse effects of drug therapy B. To increase treatment failures C. To customize patient plans of care. D. To decrease quality outcomes

C. To customize patient plans of care.

The patient is ordered famotidine. It is most important for the nurse to teach the patient about what dietary needs? (Select All That Apply) A. Eat a high-protein diet B. Avoid carbohydrates C. Avoid use of salt substitutes D. Avoid spicy foods E. Eat foods rich in vitamin B12.

D. Avoid spicy foods E. Eat foods rich in vitamin B12.

Since the blood-brain barrier in infants is immature, which drug outcome is more likely? A. Decreased effect of drug B. Increase risk of allergy C. Increased urine output D. Higher toxicity risk

D. Higher toxicity risk

Which is NOT a reason that adverse reactions and drug interactions occur frequently in older adults? A. Consumption of numerous drugs owing to multiple chronic illnesses. B. Self-medication with OTC preparations C. Drugs ordered by several health care providers D. Increased incidence of allergic responses

D. Increased incidence of allergic responses

What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors such as pantoprazole? A. Block H2 receptors of parietal cells in stomach to reduce gastric acid secretion B. Cause decrease in pepsin secretion C. Combines with protein to form thick paste covering ulcer protecting ulcer from acid and pepsin D. Reduce gastric acid by inhibiting hydrogen/potassium ATPase

D. Reduce gastric acid by inhibiting hydrogen/potassium ATPase

A patient has received atropine. It is most important for the nurse to assess the patient for which effect? A. Constipation B. Impaired oral mucous membrane C. Anxiety D. Urinary retention

D. Urinary retention

A patient with a gastric ulcer is ordered sucralfate. This medication works to ? A. calm the patient to reduce acid production B. block the H2 receptors C. neutralize the gastric acids D. coat the gastric lining

D. coat the gastric lining

Bisacodyl has been ordered for a patient who is constipated. The nurse realizes that Bisacodyl A. may lead to paralytic ileus. B. is incompatible with alcohol consumption. C. should be avoided during pregnancy as it is teratogenic. D. increases peristalsis to produce a bowel movement.

D. increases peristalsis to produce a bowel movement.