Pharmacology Final
A client is about to start taking cyanocobalamin, b12, what type of anemia does this treat? a. Pernicious b. Sickle cell c. Aplastic anemia d. Iron deficiency
A
A client is about to start taking raloxifene to treat osteoporosis. You advise the client to watch for which of the following adverse effects? a. Hot flashes b. Breast cancer c. Blurred vision d. Jaw pain
A
A client is going to start taking aldosterone to treat diarrhea, what adverse reaction should you inform the client about? a. Constipation b. Difficulty swallowing c. Blurred vision d. Confusion
A
A client is taking bumetanide and spironolactone. You explain to the client that using these drugs together may reduce the risk of these adverse effect? a. Hypokalemia b. Hyponatremia c. Hyperglycemia d. Hypochloremia
A
A client is taking risperidone for schizophrenia. Recognizing the adverse effects of risperidone, you advise the client to watch for and report which of the following? a. Tremor b. Weight loss c. Oral ulcers d. Bronchospasm
A
A client who has rheumatoid arthritis is taking methotrexate. Which of the following reduces toxicity from this drug? a. Folic acid b. Magnesium sulfate c. Ferrous sulfate d. Niacin
A
A nurse is caring for a client taking etanercept. Which of the following adverse effects is most important to mention when educating this client? a. Injection site reaction can occur. b. Elevation of the liver enzymes can occur. c. Gastric perforation can occur. d. Vision changes can occur.
A
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for etanercept. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. Administer a TB skin test prior to starting the medication. b. Teach the client that fevers are common. c. Determine if the client has chronic hypertension. d. Mix the medication with methotrexate prior to administration.
A
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for etanercept. The nurse should identify that etanercept treats RA by which of the following actions? a. Inactivation of tumor necrosis factor b. Inhibition of osteoclast activity c. Decreasing the reuptake of serotonin d. Interference with the production of lymphocytes
A
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking alendronate to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. The nurse should explain to the client that alendronate increases bone mass by which of the following actions? a. Decreases activity of osteoclasts b. Increases calcium excretion c. Promotes intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorous d. Reduces action of osteoblasts
A
A nurse is planning care for a client who has a new prescription for methotrexate. The nurse should plan to monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects? a. Bone marrow depression b. Thrombocythemia c. Double vision d. Constipation
A
A nurse is teaching a client about adverse effects of etanercept. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching? a. "I will need to get my blood drawn periodically while on this medication." b. "I may lose part or all of my hair." c. "I may wake up with a very dry mouth." d. "I will leave the needle cap off during the time the medication comes to room temperature."
A
A nurse is teaching a client about methotrexate therapy for RA. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching? a. "I will take a birth control pill every day." b. "Methotrexate decreases my chances of developing an infection." c. "I take methotrexate everyday with breakfast." d. "I will aim to drink five 8oz glasses of water per day."
A
A nurse is teaching client who is taking etanercept for RA. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following indication of an adverse reaction to this drug? a. Skin rash b. Tinnitus c. Diarrhea d. Dysphagia
A
At a visit to the provider's office, an older adult client's partner reports that the client has N/D and loss of appetite. He has a history of Alzheimer's disease and is taking donepezil. Which info should be provided by the nurse? a. Take the drug w/food. b. Stop taking the drug right away. c. Take a reduced dose of the drug. d. Undergo liver function tests right away.
A
Combination oral contraceptives such as ethinyl estradiol/drospirenonen should be used w/caution in what? a. Diabetes b. Hypothyroidism c. Thrombocytopenia d. Osteoporosis
A
Instruct a client who is taking zileuton to report which of the following possible s/s of an adverse effect? a. Abdominal pain b. Dysphagia c. Blurred vision d. Bradycardia
A
Which of the following drugs blocks beta-adrenergic receptors and thereby decreases intraocular pressure (IOP) by reducing the amount of aqueous humor produced? a. Betaxolol b. Pilocarpine c. Latanoprost d. Acetazolamide
A
You are caring for a client who is preop and is NPO. The client takes carbamazepine, 200mg PO BID for a seizure disorder. Which action should the nurse take? a. Give the oral dose of carbamazepine with a sip of water. b. Give carbamazepine IV. c. Withhold the carbamazepine. d. Administer half the usual morning dose of carbamazepine.
A
You are caring for a patient who is taking levothyroxine (Synthroid) to treat hypothyroidism. The patient reports palpitations, weight loss, and diarrhea. You suspect which of the following adverse effects of this drug? a. Hyperthyroidism b. Addison's disease c. Myxedema d. Hyperglycemia
A
You are instructing a client about taking phenelzine to treat depression. Which of the following foods should you tell the client to avoid? a. Aged cheese b. Milk c. Potato chips d. Candy
A
You are instructing a client about using cromolyn via inhalation to treat exercise-induced bronchospasm. You advise the client to take the drug a. 15 minutes before exercising b. If needed to stop bronchospasm c. After strenuous activity d. Once in the evening at bedtime
A
You instruct a pt using phenylephrine spray to do which of the following to avoid rebound congestion? a. Limit the drugs use to 3-5 days b. Add an intranasal glucocorticoid c. Taper the dose before d/c d. Restrict the drug's use to one nostril at a time
A
You should advise a client who is using a beclomethasone oral inhaler to watch for which of the following possible indication of an adverse effect of this drug? a. White coating in the mouth b. Abdominal pain c. Muscle twitching d. Palpitations
A
You should recognize that which of the following is a contraindication for taking codeine? a. Emphysema b. Cataracts c. Hyperthyroidism d. Nonproductive cough
A
Prior to starting alendronate, the nurse should assess which of the following in the client? (Select all that apply.) a. Ability to swallow b. Baseline vision c. The clients ability to lay flat d. Absence of nasal dryness
A, B
What adverse reaction should you teach the client to report while taking sulfasalazine? a. Sore throat b. Fever c. Joint pain d. Constipation e. Dry mouth
A, B
You are instructing a school-age child and his parent about the use of amphetamine-dextroamphetamine to manage the child's ADHD. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse instruct the parent to report? (Select all that apply.) a. Weight loss b. Insomnia c. Hallucinations d. Orthostatic hypotension e. Flu-like symptoms
A, B, C
A client of childbearing years is starting therapy with misoprostol to prevent a gastric ulcer which of the following instructions should you include a. Mid cycle spotting can occur b. Tale a pregnancy test before starting drug c. Report excessive menstruation d. Use effective birth control e. Avoid taking the drug at bedtime
A, B, C, D
A patient is about to start taking hydrocortisone (cortef) to treat adrenocortical insufficiency. You should instruct the patient to do which of the following to help reduce the risk for adverse effects of this drug? (Select all that apply.) a. Increase calcium and vit D intake. b. Take the drug with food c. Record weight regularly d. Urinate every 4 hrs e. Report increased stress.
A, B, C, E
You are caring for a client who is taking oral amiodarone to treat A. fib. Recognizing the adverse effects of amiodarone, you advise the client to watch for and report which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Cough b. Blurred vision c. Dizziness d. Sore throat e. Fever
A, B, C, E
A nurse is teaching a client about methotrexate therapy for RA. Which of the following information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) a. Avoid being near people who are sick with a communicable illness. b. Periodic lab tests are required. c. The drug's effects are immediate. d. Report bruising or petechiae. e. Avoid drinking alcohol.
A, B, D, E
The health care provider administers oxytocin for induction of labor, which of the following would indicate an adverse reaction? (Select all that apply.) a. Urine output b. BP c. LOC d. Duration of contractions e. Fetal heart rate
A, B, D, E
A client is to start taking amitriptyline. For which of the following should you instruct the client to watch for and report? (Select all that apply.) a. Blurred vision b. Urinary hesitancy c. Diarrhea d. Joint pain e. Tachycardia
A, B, E
A client is starting therapy with psyllium you explain the therapeutic effects are: a. Relieve constipation b. Increase gastric PH c. Reduce diarrhea d. Decrease gastric acid secretion
A, C
Which of the following drugs are effective in disease prevention as well as treatment of osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.) a. Raloxifene b. Calcitonin-salmon c. Alendronate d. NSAIDs
A, C
A nurse us teaching a client about calcitonin-salmon intranasal spray to treat osteoporosis. Which of the following information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) a. Report rash or itching. b. Deliver 2 sprays to each nostril. c. Prime the pump before the first dose. d. Report nasal irritation. e. Hold the pump horizontally.
A, C, D
You are caring for a client who is receiving alteplase to dissolve a thrombus, which of the following should you include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.) a. monitor temp b. reposition frequently c. limit venipuncture d. assess neurologic status e. apply pressure to oozing sites
A, C, D, E
A nurse should instruct a client taking alendronate to monitor for which of the following? (Select all) a. Jaw pain b. Drowsiness c. Blurred vision d. Tinnitus e. Muscle pain
A, C, E
A PCP prescribes sumatriptan to treat a client's migraine headaches. Which instructions should the nurse include when telling the client how to take sumatriptan? (Select all that apply.) a. Take the drug after onset of migraine. b. Administer one nasal spray into each nostril. c. Take it once per day to prevent migraines. d. Repeat the dose once if the headache returns. e. Allow the tablet to dissolve under the tongue.
A, D
A patient is about to start taking Plavix to prevent transient ischemic attacks, the patient should watch for and report the following: a. Petechiae b. Tinnitus c. Diaphoresis d. Weakness e. Vision changes
A, D, E
A client is about to start taking Warfarin to prevent venous thrombosis, you should explain that taking this drug daily initially requires daily blood samples to monitor the results of which of the following lab tests? a. Fibrinogen b. PT/INR c. Platelets d. aPTT
B
A client is about to start therapy with methotrexate. For rheumatoid arthritis. Knowing the adverse effects of methotrexate, you advise the client to watch for which of the following? a. Dysphagia b. Sore throat c. Edema d. Paresthesia
B
A client is prescribed clomiphene for infertility what should they monitor for? a. SOB b. Pelvic pain c. Diarrhea d. Fever
B
A nurse is caring for a client who is currently taking methotrexate. For RA. The nurse should identify that which of the following is an adverse effect of this medication? a. Hypertension b. Thrombocytopenia c. Glaucoma d. Edema
B
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for etanercept. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? a. "You will inject this medication once a week in your thigh muscle." b. "You should report signs of infection to your PCP immediately." c. "You will need to avoid taking ibuprofen while on this medication." d. "You will need to receive a MMR vaccine 1 month after staring this medication."
B
A nurse should identify that a client who has diabetes mellitus and is taking etanercept is at an increased risk for which of the following adverse effects? a. Kidney toxicity b. Infection c. Gout d. DVT
B
A patient is about to start taking sustained release glipizide to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following instructions should you include when taking with the patient about taking this drug? a. Chew the tab completely before swallowing it. b. Take it once a day, 30 min before breakfast c. Take it in the evening before bedtime d. Drink 16 oz water right after taking it
B
For rapid relief of urinary obstruction d/t prostatic enlargement the PCP should choose which one? a. Sildenafil b. Tamsulosin c. Finasteride d. Oxybutynin
B
When administering ondansetron to prevent post-surgical N/V which s/e should you prepare the client for? a. Bronchospasm b. Dizziness c. Hypertension d. Anxiety
B
When instructing a client about taking buspirone, you tell the client to watch for and report a paradoxical reaction to buspirone. Which of the following is a paradoxical effect? a. Chest pain b. Insomnia c. Diaphoresis d. Fever
B
When providing education to a client starting finasteride which of the following should the nurse include? a. Avoid high fat foods b. Allow 6-12 months to see improvement c. Wear protective clothing and sunscreen d. Avoid activities that involve alertness
B
Which of the following information should you include when teaching a client about the use of an albuterol inhaler for asthma management? a. Use it every 12 hours. b. Use it periodically to prevent exercised-induced asthma. c. Store the drug canister in the refrigerator. d. Watch for an oral yeast infection.
B
Which of the following is a therapeutic action of raloxifene? a. Blocks the effects of estrogen on endometrial tissue b. Mimics the effects of estrogen on bone tissue c. Stimulates secretion of parathyroid hormone d. Stimulates menstruation
B
You are caring for a patient who takes acarbose (Precose) and a sulfonylurea to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following is an indication of adverse reaction to this combination? a. Polyuria b. Tremors c. Bradycardia d. Thirst
B
You are talking with a client who is taking losartan for HTN. She asks you about stopping contraception and starting family. You inform the client that losartan is unsafe to take during pregnancy due to which risk? a. Macrosomia b. Fetal injury c. Gestational diabetes d. Thromboembolic disease
B
A client is about to start taking hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension. To assess for adverse effects of this drug, you monitor for which during drug therapy? (Select all that apply.) a. Ototoxicity b. Hyponatremia c. Hypokalemia d. Dehydration e. Hypoglycemia
B, C, D
A client is taking aluminum hydroxide tablets to reduce gastric acid, which instructions should you include? a. Take the drug with a large meal b. Chew the tablets thoroughly c. Drink a glass of water after taking it d. Increase fluid and fiber in take e. Take it once a day
B, C, D
A client is taking venlafaxine to treat major depression. Which of the following instructions should you include when advising the client and family about the use of venlafaxine? (Select all that apply.) a. D/C immediately for increased depression b. Take it with food to reduce GI disturbances. c. Monitor and report insomnia. d. Have BP checked regularly. e. Check with the PCP before taking any herbal supplements.
B, C, D, E
A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for prednisone and takes 1,500mg/day of calcium carbonate to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Which information should the nurse include? (Select all.) a. Tale the calcium tables with food b. Drink 240ml (8oz) of water with the calcium tablets c. Chew calcium tablets before swallowing them d. Take the drugs 1 hour apart e. Divide the daily dosage of calcium into three 500mg doses
B, C, D, E
A nurse is teaching a client about raloxifene. Which of the following information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) a. Perform a breast self-examination twice per month b. Increase physical activity by taking walks c. Use a contraceptive if there is any possibility of pregnancy d. Taking the drug on an empty stomach e. Increase intake of calcium and vitamin d
B, C, E
A client is about to start taking liquid ferrous sulfate. Which of the following instructions should you include? a. Swish it in your mouth before swallowing it b. Drink it through a straw c. Do not rinse your mouth after taking it d. Dilute with water e. Take it with food if needed
B, D, E
Early clinical manifestations of lithium toxicity include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Seizures b. Nausea c. Hypotension d. Ataxia e. Muscle weakness
B, E
You are obtaining a health history from a client who is to start using a new ipratropium inhaler. Which of the following information from the clients history alerts you to take further action? (Select all that apply.) a. Seizure disorder b. Urinary retention c. Depression treated with a MAOI d. Hypothyroidism treated with a synthetic thyroid hormone e. Glaucoma
B, E
A PCP prescribes calcitonin salmon for a post-menopausal client. Knowing the adverse effects of calcitonin, you instruct the client to a. Increase fluid intake. b. Rise slowly from a reclining position. c. Increase calcium and vitamin D intake. d. Rest painful joints after exercise.
C
A PCP prescribes etanercept to treat a client's rheumatoid arthritis. Prior to beginning the treatment, the client requires testing for which of the following? a. Pancreatitis b. Hepatitis c. Tuberculosis d. Gastritis
C
A client is about to start taking aliskiren to treat hypertension. Which of the following should you tell the client to avoid to ensure optimal absorption of this drug? a. Soy sauce b. Green, leafy vegetables c. Fatty foods d. Foods high in carbohydrates
C
A client is given conjugated estrogen and medroxyprogesterone acetate to treat postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms. The health care provider instructs the client to monitor for which of the following, which may indicate a serious side effect? a. Ringing in the ears b. Insomnia c. Swelling or pain in the calf d. Difficulty swallowing
C
A client is taking omeprazole for duodenal ulcers, which of the following would you instruct the client to do? a. Take it with food b. Avoid aluminum-based antacids c. Consume adequate amounts of fluids d. Do not drink grapefruit juice
C
A client receives spinal anesthesia with lidocaine and epinephrine. You explain that epinephrine is used with lidocaine for which of the following reasons? a. Decreases the risk of spinal headache. b. Reduces the risk for infection. c. Prolongs the anesthetic effect. d. Prevents respiratory depression.
C
A client starting testosterone should monitor and report which if the following adverse effects? a. Dizziness b. Paresthesia c. Weight gain d. SOB
C
A nurse is caring for a client who was diagnosed with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take prior to administering calcitonin-salmon to the client for the first time? a. Check the client's urine foe sedimentation. b. Assess the client's liver function. c. Use skin testing to check the client for allergies. d. Evaluate the client's breath sounds.
C
A nurse is teaching a client about Raloxifene therapy to prevent osteoporosis. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following indication of an adverse reaction to this drug? a. Loss of hair b. Numbness of the fingertips c. Calf pain d. Blisters on the mucous membranes
C
A nurse is teaching a client about methotrexate. The nurse should inform the client to monitor for which of the following as an adverse effect of this drug? a. Muscle pain b. Peripheral edema c. Black, tarry stools d. Redness in the calf
C
A nurse is teaching about self-administrating methotrexate to a client who has rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? a. "Use an NSAID to reduce toxicity." b. "If you miss a dose, go ahead and take it with the next scheduled dose." c. "Drink a minimum of 2 liters of water per day to promote the drug's excretion." d. "Take it in the morning to prevent insomnia."
C
A patient is about to start taking Oprelvekin for thrombocytopenia. To assess for adverse effects of this drug you should monitor which of the following carefully during drug therapy? a. liver function b. hearing c. ECG d. Level of consciousness
C
A patient is about to start taking somatropin (Genotropin). You plan to evaluate the effectiveness of this drug therapy with which of the following assessments? a. LOC b. ECG c. Height and weight d. Breath sounds and resp rate
C
Alendronate is contraindicated for administration to clients who have which of the following conditions? a. Heart failure b. Fish protein allergy c. Inability to sit upright d. Tuberculosis
C
During an assessment of a client taking chlorpromazine, you note a slow shuffling gait, rigid facial expressions, and fine tremors. These manifestations indicate which of the following? a. Acute dystonia b. Tardive dyskinesia c. Parkinsonism d. Akathisia
C
While instructing a client about using isosorbide to treat angina, you advise them to avoid what? a. Milk b. Caffeine c. Alcohol d. Grapefruit juice
C
While obtaining a client's medical history, you find that the client is taking levodopa/carbidopa for Parkinson's. Which info in the client's health history alerts you to take further action? a. Bradycardia b. Pancreatic disease c. Glaucoma d. Impaired hearing
C
While talking with a client who is taking captopril to treat hypertension, which instructions do you include to help her manage the drug's adverse effects? a. Check HR prior to taking the drug b. Wear sunscreen and protective clothing while outdoors c. Do not use salt substitutes to season your food d. Take the drug with a meal
C
You are administering diphenoxylate plus atropine to reduce diarrhea what drug should you have on hand in case od on OD of this combination od drugs? a. Acetylcysteine b. Flumazenil c. Naloxone d. Diphenhydramine
C
You are caring for a client whose atrial dysrhythmia fails to respond to other antidysrhythmic therapies. You anticipate that the PCP might try which drug whose off-label use includes refractory atrial dysrhythmias? a. Propranolol (Inderal) b. Lidocaine (Xylocaine) c. Flecainide (Tambocor) d. Amiodarone (Cordarone)
C
Which lab tests should you monitor for a client who is taking interferon beta-1b to treat MS? (Select all that apply.) a. Serum Osmolality b. Blood Glucose c. Thyroid hormones d. Liver function e. CBC
C, D, E
A client who is menopausal is taking a calcium supplement to prevent osteoporosis. You instruct the client to watch for which of the following indications of hypercalcemia? a. Eye twitching b. Bleeding gums c. Tinnitus d. Nausea
D
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for methotrexate. Which of the following drugs would likely be prescribed in conjunction during the initial treatment of RA? a. Aspirin b. Salicylates c. Sulfonylureas d. Ibuprofen
D
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking etanercept for rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following indication of a serious adverse reaction to the drug? a. Excessive salivation b. Increased thirst c. Blood in the urine d. Shortness of breath
D
A nurse is preparing to administer alendronate to a client who has osteoporosis. The nurse should recognize which of the following as an adverse effect of alendronate? a. Venous thromboembolism b. Ventricular dysrhythmias c. Breast cancer d. Joint pain
D
A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for calcium citrate about manifestation of hypercalcemia. Which of the following manifestation should the nurse include in the teaching? a. Muscle twitching b. Laryngospasm c. Paresthesia d. Vomiting
D
Before administering IV folic acid, you should explain to the client that this drug can cause which of the following adverse effects? a. Headache b. Nausea c. Dizziness d. Rash
D
When talking with a client about self-administering regular insulin (Humulin R) you should include which of the following instructions? a. Shake the vial vigorously b. Expect the solution to appear cloudy c. Store unopened vials at room temp d. Inject the insulin sub Q
D
Which if the following clients should a health care professional question the use of sildenafil to treat ED? a. Oxybutynin chloride for urinary incontinence b. Phenytoin for seizure c. thyroid for hypothyroid d. nitro as needed for chest pain
D
Which information indicates that a client who is taking theophylline needs further instruction? a. The client drives a school bus every day. b. The client drinks 8oz. of wine with dinner. c. The client exercises 1 hour each day. d. The client drinks 2 cups of coffee each morning.
D
You are administering lidocaine, 50mg via IV bolus, to a client with a ventricular dysrhythmia. You monitor for which adverse reaction to lidocaine? a. Metabolic alkalosis b. Hypertension c. Tachycardia d. Paresthesia
D
You are caring for a patient who is taking exenatide (Byetta) to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client reports severe abdominal pain. You suspect which of the following adverse reactions to this drug? a. Peptic ulcer disease b. Hyperkalemia c. Hyperglycemia d. Pancreatitis
D
You are instructing a client who has MS about how dantrolene will help control spasticity. With which mechanism is this drug effective in treating this manifestation? a. Blocks acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. b. Interrupts nerve signal from the spinal cord to the muscles. c. Inhibits destruction of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase. d. Alters intracellular calcium exchange at the muscles.
D
You are instructing a client who has a new prescription for cetirizine. Which of the following information should you be sure to include? a. Restrict fluids to minimize the drug's adverse effects b. Take the drug in the morning to reduce adverse effects c. Take the drug on an empty stomach to increase absorption d. Administer the drug prophylactically during allergy seasons
D
You are reviewing the history of a client who is about to start therapy with factor VII for the treatment of hemophilia A. Which of the following drugs that the client currently takes should alert you to take further action? a. Albuterol b. Phenytoin c. Phenelzine d. Aspirin
D
You should monitor a client taking dextromethorphan because of the potential for which of the following? a. Tachycardia b. Fluid retention c. Blurred vision d. Drug abuse
D
