pharmacology

The nurse is providing instructions to a client with seizures who will be taking phenytoin. Which statement, if made by the client, would indicate an understanding of the information about this medication?

"I need to perform good oral hygiene, including flossing and brushing my teeth."

The nurse is assisting in administering immunizations as well as providing education to the clients who receive them at a health care clinic. Which statement by a client indicates that teaching was successful?

"Immunizations are a way to acquire immunity to a specific disease."

A client received 20 units of Humulin N insulin subcutaneously at 08:00. At what time would the nurse plan to assess the client for a hypoglycemic reaction?

17:00 Humulin N is an intermediate-acting insulin. The onset of action is 60 to 120 minutes, it peaks in 6 to 14 hours, and the duration of action is 16 to 24 hours. Hypoglycemic reactions most likely occur during peak time.

A client with a history of heart failure who is receiving digoxin daily has a serum potassium level of 3 mEq/L (3 mmol/L) and is complaining of anorexia. The primary health care provider orders a serum digoxin level to be done. The nurse checks the results and would expect to note which level that is outside the therapeutic range?

2.2 ng/mL The optimal therapeutic range for digoxin is 0.5 to 0.8 ng/mL, and the therapeutic serum level is 0.5 to 2 ng/mL

A client arrives at the clinic complaining of fatigue, lack of energy, constipation, and depression. Hypothyroidism is diagnosed, and levothyroxine is prescribed. What is an expected outcome of the medication?

Achieves normal thyroid hormone levels

A client with atrial fibrillation is receiving a continuous heparin infusion at 1000 units/hour. The nurse determines that the client is receiving the therapeutic effect based on which results?

Activated partial thromboplastin time of 60 seconds

The nurse is providing a health promotion session to a group of teenagers and is discussing the abuse of barbiturates. The nurse would provide which information to the teenagers?

Barbiturate abuse is the cause of many drug overdose deaths.

A client is receiving zalcitabine. The nurse would monitor the results of which study to determine the effectiveness of this medication?

CD4+ cell count Zalcitabine slows the progression of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by improving the CD4+ cell count.

A client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been started on therapy with zidovudine. The nurse would monitor the results of which laboratory blood study for adverse effects of therapy?

Complete blood cell (CBC) count Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a viral disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which destroys T cells, thereby increasing susceptibility to infection and malignancy. Common adverse effects of zidovudine are granulocytopenia and anemia. The nurse would monitor the CBC count for these changes. Creatinine, potassium, and BUN are unrelated to this medication.

The nurse is working with a client who shows signs of benzodiazepine withdrawal. The nurse would suspect that the client has suddenly discontinued taking which prescribed medication?

Diazepam

Metformin is prescribed for a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus. What is the most common side effect that the nurse would include in the client's teaching plan?

Gastrointestinal disturbances

The nurse is administering a dose of triamterene to a client with heart failure. What is the most significant adverse effect of this medication for which the client would be monitored?

Hyperkalemia

The nurse teaches a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes about storing Humulin N insulin. Which statement indicates to the nurse that the client understood the discharge teaching?

I can store the open insulin bottle in the kitchen cabinet for 1 month."

The nurse has provided medication instructions to a client with an iron deficiency anemia who will be taking iron supplements. Which statement made by the client indicates an understanding of this medication?

I need to increase my fluid intake Iron preparations can be very irritating to the stomach and are best taken between meals. Because iron supplements may be associated with constipation, the client would increase fluids and fiber in the diet to counteract this side effect of therapy. Iron preparations need to be taken with a substance that is high in vitamin C to increase its absorption. The tablet is swallowed whole and not chewed.

A client who has been receiving pentamidine intravenously now has a fever with a temperature of 102° F (38.9° C). Keeping in mind that the client has a diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, the nurse would interpret that this fever is most associated with which condition?

Infection caused by leukopenic effects of the medication Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) is a fungal infection and is a common opportunistic infection. Adverse effects of pentamidine include leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia.

The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure who was prescribed furosemide. The nurse would monitor the client for damage of which kidney structure?

Nephron The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that is responsible for clearance of excess fluid and waste products of metabolism. The renal pelvis and calices collect urine to send to the ureter. The renal artery brings blood to the kidney for filtering by the nephron

Potassium chloride intravenously is prescribed for a client with hypokalemia. Which actions would the nurse take to plan for preparation and administration of the potassium? Select all that apply.

Obtain an intravenous (IV) infusion pump. Monitor urine output during administration. Monitor the IV site for signs of infiltration or phlebitis Ensure that the medication is diluted in the appropriate volume of fluid. Ensure that the bag is labeled so that it reads the volume of potassium in the solution.

The clinic nurse is reviewing the record of a client scheduled to be seen in the clinic. The nurse notes that the client is taking selegiline hydrochloride. The nurse suspects that the client has which disorder?

Parkinson's disease

A client who has been taking high doses of acetylsalicylic acid to relieve pain from osteoarthritis now has more generalized joint pain and an elevated temperature. The nurse would assess for which complication to determine whether the client has other signs of aspirin toxicity?

Ringing in the ears

The client delivered a newborn baby 3 hours ago. The assigned nurse is reviewing the electronic health record to determine whether the postnatal client is a candidate for Rh immune globulin administration. Which criteria must be present to determine that the client needs the medication? Select all that apply.

The birth parent must be Rh negative. The newborn must be Rh positive. The indirect Coombs' test must be negative.

A client is being started on tramadol therapy for pain management after a back injury. When educating this client on tramadol therapy, what is the priority?

The client cannot drink alcohol while taking tramadol.

The nurse is monitoring a client who is taking propranolol. Which assessment finding indicates a potential adverse complication associated with this medication?

The development of audible expiratory wheezes

The nurse provides instructions to a client with hypertension about newly prescribed furosemide. Which information would the nurse use to provide instructions in this teaching session?

The medication acts on the loop of Henle in the nephron. Furosemide works by acting to excrete sodium, potassium, and chloride in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle;

Pancreatin is prescribed for a client with postgastrectomy syndrome. Which assessment finding would indicate a therapeutic effect of this medication?

The stool is less fatty and decreases in frequency. Pancreatin aids in the digestion of protein, carbohydrate, and fat in the gastrointestinal tract. It is used to treat steatorrhea associated with postgastrectomy syndrome after bowel resection. The nurse needs to record the number of stools per day and the stool consistency to monitor the effectiveness of this enzyme therapy. If it is effective, the stools would become less frequent and less fatty. The remaining options are not indications of a therapeutic effect of the medication.

An adolescent has been prescribed an amphetamine to help manage a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. To best minimize the risk of abuse and/or overdose, the nurse expects that the medication will be administered via which method?

Transdermal patch The application of a transdermal patch is the method best suited to minimizing the risk of abuse and/or overdose from an amphetamine because it manages the release of the medication without requiring the client's handling of the medication. The remaining options lack that component.

The nurse has administered a dose of meperidine hydrochloride to a client with renal calculi as treatment for pain. The nurse carefully monitors this client for which side and adverse effect of this medication?

Urinary retention Meperidine hydrochloride is an opioid analgesic. Side effects of meperidine hydrochloride include respiratory depression, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, drowsiness and mental clouding, constipation, and urinary retention.

Before giving the client the initial dose of disulfiram, what would the psychiatric home health nurse determine?

When the last alcoholic drink was consumed

A 56-year-old adult client with heart failure is receiving digoxin. The nurse is auscultating the apical heart rate before giving digoxin and notes that the heart rate is 48 beats/minute. Which action would the nurse take?

Withhold the digoxin, and assess for signs of decreased cardiac output and digoxin toxicity. The normal heart rate is 60 to 100 beats/minute in an adult. If the nurse notes a heart rate that is less than 60 beats/minute, the nurse would not administer the digoxin and would further evaluate the client for signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity. When clients are bradycardic, they may have symptoms of decreased cardiac output, so this would also be assessed.

The nurse is admitting a client and knows that clients typically share information about herbal supplements or therapies only if they are specifically asked. What are some additional things the nurse needs to do when dealing with this topic with clients? Select all that apply.

use open ended questions respond to clients w comments that invite open ended discuss the use of herbal supplements create an accepting and nonjudgemental attitude