Pharmacy tech. med review pt. 2

The formation of bones exceeds the resorption until around the age of _________

20

if the dose for eye drops is for more than one drop in an eye, how long should the patient wait before instilling the next drop?

3 to 5 minutes

subcutaneous (SC) route angle

45-degree angle

Which treatment for emesis blocks serotonin 5-HT3 receptors in the G.I. tract and the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)?

5-HT3 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTs

Which class of antiemetics who is developed for chemotherapy-induced nausea but is now widely used?

5-HT3 receptor antagonists

intramuscular (IM) route angle

90-degree angle

Osteoarthritis

A degeneration if the cartilage and bone underlying a joint; also known as degenerative joint disease (DJD) it is a result of aging

Gout

A form of arthritis due to uric acid crystal deposits in the joints It is most commonly due to an under excretion of uric acid but may also be due to overproduction

Absence seizure

A lapse of awareness that begins and ends abruptly

Vertigo

A loss of balance or equilibrium as a result of damage to inner ear structures

Dependence

A patient becomes dependent on laxative for a bowel movement after repeated regular use

Tolerance

A patient with chronic pain may need to gradually increase the dose of analgesics to get pain relief, but the patient is not addicted to the medication

Castleman disease

A rare disease of the lymph nodes

Scoliosis

Abnormal sideways curvature of the spine

Which medication is used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose?

Acetylcysteine

___________ disease is the result of an under active adrenal gland

Addison's

Which medications act by inhibiting osteoclasts?

Alendronate, risedronate, and zoledronic acid

Insulin can be used for the treatment of ______________

All types of diabetes

Which class of antihypertensives stimulates alpha-adrenoreceptors in the brain stem reducing heart rate and blood pressure?

Alpha agonists

Which class of antihypertensives inhibits norepinephrine action at the alpha receptors in the blood vessels, preventing vasoconstriction?

Alpha blockers

Which medication is used as a non-oral treatment for erectile dysfunction?

Alprostadil intracavernous

Glaucoma

An increase in IOP caused by reduced or blocked drainage of the aqueous humor, a fluid in the eye that provides nourishment

Otitis externa

An infection of the ear canal typically caused by water that doesn't drain

Which class of antihypertensives should a patient's serum potassium levels be monitored?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB)

______________ can cause an annoying cough.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, this could cause patients to discontinue the medication w/o telling the prescriber.

_____________ Can cause an annoying cough.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; this common side effect may cause patients to discontinue the medication w/o telling the prescriber

Which class of medication is used to restore and maintain normal heart rhythms?

Antiarrhythmics

How is tuberculosis treated?

Antibacterial medication for 3 to 9 months

Which of the following statements about cough, cold, and allergy medication is true?

Antitussives are used to reduce or stop a cough

Graves' disease signs and symptoms

Anxiety, hand tremor, increased sweating, bulging eyes, fatigue, and thick red skin on the shins

Which of the following is an abnormal heart rhythm that can reduce the hearts ability to adequately pump blood?

Arrhythmia

What is the most common class of medication used to treat psychosis?

Atypical antipsychotics

which medication is used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)?

BCL-2 inhibitors

Which foods are part of the "BRAT" diet?

Bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast

Which class of antihypertensives should be used cautiously in patients with lung disease, such as asthma?

Beta blockers

Which class of antihypertensives should patients who have diabetes be cautious when taking?

Beta blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)

Which of the following medications is not used to treat the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Beta-3 agonists

Which oral medication class is used to treat diabetes should be taken with food?

Biguanide

__________ are used to treat type II diabetes and work by reducing the production of glucose in the liver

Biguanides

Which treatment for ulcerative colitis targets proteins made by the immune system?

Biologic response modifiers

Monophasic pills deliver the same strength of estrogen and progestin in each pack, while __________ deliver two different strengths of estrogen and progestin in each pack.

Biphasic

Which class of medications used to treat osteoporosis can cause esophageal damage if not used properly?

Bisphosphonates

Osteoporosis

Bone disease that causes the bones to become weak and brittle

Afferent system

Brings info into the CNS

Recommendations for scheduling vaccines can be found on the ________________ website

CDC

Which class of antihypertensives should NOT be taken with grapefruit juice?

Calcium channel blockers

Which minerals should be avoided when taking thyroid medications?

Calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron

Lymphoma

Cancer of the lymph nodes

Which of the following is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it thicker and rigid, making it more difficult for the heart to pump blood?

Cardiomyopathy

If a patient says everything looks cloudy, what might the patient be developing?

Cataracts, if u get this wrong 20 push ups now bitch

Paget's disease

Chronic bone disorder that causes excessive deterioration of bone tissue

Which of the following is birth defects that affect the normal functioning of the heart?

Congenital heart disease

Complex partial seizure

Consciousness is impaired or lost

Antitussives are used to reduce or stop a _____________

Cough

Arthritis can be an auto immune disease. If so, which type of medication the patients need?

DMARD, has anti-inflammatory properties. Many are also immunosuppressant, meaning they prevent symptoms by blocking the immune system.

_________________ are used to reduce nasal congestion due to cold or allergies

Decongestants

which anticonvulsant medication is specifically used to treat Dravet syndrome?

Diacomit

Which treatment for GERD blocks dopamine receptors producing antiemetic effect?

Dopamine antagonist

What is a common side effect of skeletal muscle relaxants the patient must be made aware?

Drowsiness

Eczema

Dry sensitive skin redness bumps flaky and peeling skin

What systems are in the PNS?

Efferent, autonomic, somatic, and afferent systems

Which of the following is inflammation of the inside lining of the heart, usually caused by a bacterial, or sometimes fungal, infection?

Endocarditis

The _________________ system produces hormones that control growth, development, metabolism, mood and sexual function. Lol sex

Endocrine (I swear if u get this wrong u gotta do 10 push ups)

The following medications: amantadine, benztropine, diphenhydramine, are used to treat _______________ (EPS)

Extrapyramidal symptoms

Addison's disease signs and symptoms

Extreme fatigue, weight loss, darkening of skin, low blood pressure, abdominal pain, depression, salt craving

Benign prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a type of cancer that causes increase urination

False

T or F? Addiction is the need for larger doses or an increase in the number of doses to achieve the desired response

False

T or F? Medications used to treat breast cancer act by inhibiting the production or action of testosterone

False

T or F? Medications used to treat breast cancer act by inhibiting the productions or action of testosterone

False

T or F? Oral contraceptives are the only available form of female contraception.

False

T or F? The levels of electrolytes in the body cannot be altered.

False

T or F? All narcotic analgesics are schedule II.

False, SOME of them are not all

T or F? Treatment of worm parasites usually take several weeks

False, a short course of medication will usually work, often just a single dose or up to 10 days.

T or F? Smoking deterrence that contain nicotine block nicotine receptors and prevent its effect

False, it doesn't block nicotine receptors and prevent its effect. Smoking deterrents that contain nicotine allow for systemic effects of nicotine without the inhalation of other dangerous chemicals from cigarettes

T or F? Lifestyle choices, like heredity and increasing age, can contribute to heart disease

False, lifestyle choices CAN contribute to heart diseases BUT not hereditary, and increasing age

T or F? Narcotics when used as antitussives are not controlled medication's.

False, when used as antitussives are controlled medications. When a controlled substance is an ingredient in a medication, the medication is controlled

T or F? A cold is the same as the flu.

False; a cold is not the same as influenza. It is important to make this distinction because it's cold is usually mild in self limiting, whereas influenza can be a serious infection that has different symptoms

Hypothyroidism signs and symptoms

Fatigue, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, weight gain, puffy face, hoarseness, and thinning hair

Common side effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors include ________________ diarrhea, and abdominal pain

Flatulence

If a patient has small red bumps or white heads developed around hair follicles, what might the patient be developing?

Foliculitis

Benign prostatic hyperplasia signs and symptoms

Frequent urge to urinate, increased frequency of urination at night, weak urine stream, and tbh e inability to completely empty bladder

Which gastrointestinal disease involves damage to the esophagus?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

GERD and diverticulitis are diseases of which body system?

Gastrointestinal

_____________ is the common cause of hyperthyroidism

Graves disease

Treatment for GERD requires that an anti-bacterial medication be taken in addition to which medication?

H. Pylori treatment

Which of the following is used to treat ulcers?

H2 blockers

Which class of antihyperlipidemics are referred to as statins?

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

________________ are called statins

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

______________ are called statins

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are referred to as "statins" because all generic names end in "-statin"

Which disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States?

Hashimoto's disease

Which treatment for GERD decreases acid production by inhibiting binding of histamine at histamine H2 receptors on gastric cells?

Histamine antagonist (H2 blockers)

Which of the following is a common cause of chronic kidney disease?

Hypertension

Which term best defines a low testosterone level

Hypogonadism

Which birth control method is inserted by a physician into the uterus?

IUD

Erectile dysfunction signs and symptoms

Inability in males to get or keep an erection and anxiety

Otitis media

Infection of the middle ear, often caused by a virus but can be bacterial

Gastrointestinal system is responsible for _______________

Ingestion of food and nutrients, disposal of waste, and breakdown of food for absorption of individual nutrients

The ______________ are the primary organs of the renal system

Kidneys

Which organ eliminates excess fluid and waste by filtration?

Kidneys

The OTC product Alli causes which unpleasant side effect

Leaky stools

Which generic medication is most commonly used treat hypothyroidism?

Levothyroxine

Which of the following medications is used to treat hypothyroidism?

Levothyroxine

Lymphedema

Localized fluid retention due to a blockage in the lymphatic system

Which type of insulin has an onset action of one hour and no peak action?

Long-acting insulin

Which type of diuretic derives its name from the fact that it has its effect in a portion of the tubule in the nephron?

Loop

Some patients may experience episodes of _________ when they feel euphoric , full of energy , and unusually irritable .

Mania

Which class of medication is used to prevent an allergic reaction that can cause an asthma attack?

Mast cell stabilizers

Which birth control method is administered via injection?

Medroxyprogesterone acetate

Hormones affect all of the body functions except _______________

Memory

Which of the following do hormones affect?

Metabolism, growth and development, and mood

A patient with two or more migraines per _________ should consider preventative therapy.

Month

Which diseases affect the neurological system?

Multiple sclerosis, Bell's palsy, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease

Which birth control medication must be used within 72 hrs of unprotected sex?

My way and Plan B One Step

Which medication is used as an antidote for opioid overdose?

Naloxone

___________________ coordinates the control of the body and communication among its parts

Neurological system

Which of the following provides a gradual process to help a person quit smoking?

Nicotine replacement therapy

Phosphodiesterase-type 5 inhibitors are contraindicated with which type of medication?

Nitrates

Which medication used to treat urinary tract infections needs to be taken with food for proper absorption?

Nitrofurantoin

What does the acronym, NSAID, stand for?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

The glomerulus is a filtering unit that keeps _______________ cells and eliminates excess fluid and waste

Normal

dry AMD treatment

OTC supplement that contains high dose combination of antioxidants and zinc (ocuvite preservision)

_________________ is a type of anxiety disorder that is characterized by unwanted thoughts (obsessions) that lead to repetitive behaviors (compulsions ).

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

what is the ONLY FDA-approved medication used to treat primary progressive MS?

Ocrevus

Cataracts

Opacities that form on the lens and cause impaired vision

Which treatment for obesity inhibits gastric lipases; therefore, decreasing fat absorption?

Orlistat (Alli)

Acetaminophen is the non-salicylate that treats __________________.

Pain and fever

Pelvic inflammation signs and symptoms

Pain in the pelvis, abdomen, lower back and vagina, fever nausea, cramping, vaginal discharge, and abnormal uterine bleeding

endometriosis signs and symptoms

Painful periods, painful intercourse, painful bowel movements, heavy periods, infertility, bloating and nausea

Addiction

Patient relies on the psychological and physiological effects of the medication

What does pns mean

Penis lol jk Peripheral Nervous system

Which gastrointestinal disease are sores in the lining of the stomach or in the duodenum

Peptic Ulcers

Diuretics can cause too much of a loss and the need for the replacement of the electrolyte ______________.

Potassium

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

Produce insulin

When an egg is released from the follicle in the ovary, the corpus luteum is formed, which produces ________________

Progesterone

Which of the following is a treatment for GERD?

Proton pump inhibitors

Ringworm

Red itchy ring-shaped patches with scaly edges

Impetigo

Red sores that rupture and ooze forming a yellow crust

Medication combinations combine the action of more than one medication class, improving control and _________________ the number of doses a patient must take in a day

Reducing

Autonomic system

Regulates non-voluntary activities like breathing, digestion, and circulation

Somatic system

Regulates voluntary skeletal muscles, it's only neurotransmitter is acetylcholine

Kidneys are the primary organ of the ____________ system

Renal

____________ occurs when there is a brief, string surge of electrical conduction in the brain

Seizure

Efferent system

Sends info out from the cns

SNRI medications block the reuptake of which neurotransmitter ?

Serotonin and norepinephrine

Lymphangiomatosis

Severe disease in which many tumors grow in the lymph system of the body

Which class of medication is used as rescue medications?

Short-acting beta agonists

Which treatment for GERD alters the surface tension of gas bubbles allowing for dispersion or release?

Simethicone

What partial seizures exist?

Simple and complex partial seizures

Identify common side effects of birth control medications

Spotting during a cycle, headache, thromboembolism, vomiting

Which of the following are the most commonly prescribed type of laxative?

Stool softeners

A patient in the pharmacy suddenly becomes weak, starts to lose balance, and is having trouble seeing. The patient might be showing symptoms of a __________

Stroke

Which migraine medication may be administered as a STAT dose?

Sumatriptan

Airway disease

The airways that carry oxygen are narrowed or blocked (for example, asthma).

Pulmonary circulation disease

The blood vessels in the lungs are affected and prevent ability to properly exchange gases.

Which statement best describes the function of the respiratory system?

The exchange of gases and removal of a waste product

closed-angle glaucoma cause

The flow of aqueous humor is blocked. Condition can happen suddenly, and the symptoms are redness, pain, and loss of vision.

open-angle glaucoma cause

The intraocular pressure is slowed and gradually rises. Vision fades as condition progresses.

Tonic-clonic seizure

The patient goes rigid and then begins jerking movements

Simple partial seizure

The patient remains conscious

Lung tissue disease

The structure of the lung tissue is affected. Scarring or inflammation prevent the tissue from being able to fully expand.

Which class of diuretic is often the first choice and should not be used during pregnancy?

Thiazide

Onychomycosis

Thickened nail; white or yellow discoloration of the nail

Cushing syndrome signs and symptoms

Thinning skin, easy bruising, acne, weight gain around midsection and upper back, moon face, stretch marks, and slow healing wounds

Which diseases affect the hematologic system?

Thrombocytopenia, anemia, hematoma, and von willebrand disease

Which medication should be taken on an empty stomach?

Thyroid medications

What generalized seizures exist?

Tonic-clonic, absence, myoclonic, atonic seizures

T or F? A common use of corticosteroids is to treat inflammation

True

T or F? Benzodiazepines and antidepressants are used to treat anxiety disorders.

True

T or F? Erectile dysfunction can be caused by a psychological condition

True

T or F? Medications used to treat prostate cancer act by inhibiting the production or action of testosterone

True

T or F? Medications used to treat prostate cancer act by inhibiting the production or action of testosterone.

True

T or F? Most medications used to treat diarrhea decrease peristalsis.

True

T or F? Patients taking anticoagulant medication should use a soft toothbrush and electric razor to avoid cuts and bleeding

True

T or F? Patients taking anticoagulant medication should use a soft toothbrush and electric razor to avoid cuts and bleeding.

True

T or F? When treating sleeping disorder, it is best to choose short-acting benzodiazepines to avoid daytime drowsiness

True

T or f? Testosterone in males causes progression of prostate cancer

True

Tea or? Narcotic analgesics have high abuse potential

True, patients can be addicted or dependent on opioids

Gout is caused by the accumulation of _____________.

Uric acid

If a patient is experiencing frequent, burning urination with cloudy urine, what should a pharmacy technician suspect the patient has?

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

The kidneys remove ____________ and ______________ from the body

Waste and water

Herpes simplex

Watery blisters on the mouth or lips

Wax accumulation

Wax (cerumen) produced in the ear is not eliminated or is overproduced

Signs and symptoms of a stroke

Weakness, confusion, trouble with sight, troubke walking or loss of balance, severe headache.

How are UTI treated?

With an antibacterial medication

When should alpha-glucosidase inhibitors be administered?

With the first bite of a meal

Which analgesic is contraindicated in patients with a history of psychosis?

Ziconotide

inactivated vaccine

a "killed" version of the pathogen and would require one or more boosters

thrombocytopenia

a decrease in platelets caused by either a reduced production or increased destruction

von Willebrand disease

a deficiency in a protein (von Willebrand factor) that aids in forming blood clots

anemia

a deficiency of red blood cells or its component, hemoglobin (Hgb)

aqueous humor

a fluid that maintains the shape of the anterior eye and carries nutrients

vitreous humor

a jellylike substance that holds the eyes shape

hematoma

a localized accumulation of blood

macrophage

a phagocyte that fights infection, ingests nonfunctional cells, and signals the T cells and B cells to fight infection

T cell

a type of lymphocyte that attacks a pathogen

natural killer (NK) cell

a type of lymphocyte that kills tumor cells

B cell

a type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies against pathogens

neutrophil

a type of white blood cell that acts as a phagocyte (ingests and destroys foreign substances, like bacteria)

eosinophil

a type of white blood cell that fights certain types of infections and allergens

what does federal law require that healthcare staff provide to a patient, parent, or legal representative before administering certain vaccines?

a vaccine information statement

attenuated vaccine

a weakened version of a live microorganism and does not require a booster

wet AMD

abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula and leak blood

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors examples

acetazolamide (Diamox Sequels), brinzolamide ophthalmic (Azopt), dorzolamide ophthalmic (Trusopt), methazolamide (Neptazane)

cholinergic agonists (miotics) examples

acetylcholine intraocular (Miochol-E), carbachol intraocular (Miostat), pilocarpine ophthalmic (Isopto Carpine)

______________ is a pre-malignant condition. It causes thick, scaly, or crusty patches of skin. It occurs more often in fair-skinned individuals and can serve as a warning to be on the watch for skin cancer. The lesions can be removed in a physician's office or medications can be prescribed to prevent the progression of lesions.

actinic keratosis

what is the most common leukemia found in young children?

acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

The following meds: disulfiram, gabapentin, naltrexone, topiramate are used to treat ______________

alcohol dependence or alcoholism

Decongestants, antihistamines, and mast cell stabilizers are useful for which type of eye condition?

allergic conjunctivitis

penicillins examples

amoxicillin (Amoxil)* oral suspension, chewable tablet, oral capsule, oral tablet amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin) oral suspension, oral tablet

intramuscular (IM) route injection site for infants

anterolateral thigh muscle

an antibiotic and _______________ are typically used to treat otitis externa

anti-inflammatory/corticosteroid

Otitis media is a common infection of the ear that can be treated with _______________

antibacterial medicine

Due to the suppression of acetylcholine activity in Parkinson's disease, there are side effects that occur, referred to as _______________ side effects

anticholinergic

which medication is used to prevent blood clot formation nd to treat or prevent deep vein thrombosis? (DVT)

anticoagulants

alpha agonists example

apraclonidine ophthalmic (Iopidine)*; brimonidine ophthalmic (Alphagan P)

Medications used to treat glaucoma try to reduce intraocular pressure by reducing __________________

aqueous humor volume

what is tinea pedis?

athletes foot

which of the following are fungal infections?

athletes foot, ringworm, jock itch

macrolides examples

azithromycin (Zithromax) oral suspension, oral tablet

Which class of antihypertensives should be used cautiously in patients with lung disease, such as asthma?

beta blockers that is non-selective for either type of receptor can cause bronchonstriction.

beta-adrenergic blockers example

betaxolol ophthalmic (Betoptic S), levobunolol ophthalmic (Betagan), timolol ophthalmic (Timoptic; Betimol; Timoptic-XE)

prostaglandin analogs examples

bimatoprost intracameral (Durysta), bimatoprost ophthalmic (Lumigan), latanoprost ophthalmic (Xalatan; Xelpros), latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic (Vyzulta), tafluprost ophthalmic (Zioptan), travoprost ophthalmic (Travatan Z)

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors common side effects

blurred vision, bitter taste, ocular discomfort

in addition to lymph nodes, which of the following organs is part of the lymphatic system?

bone marrow, spleen, thymus

what are the four primary symptoms of parkinson's disease?

bradykinesia, postural instability, rigidity, and tremor

what does the central nervous system consist of?

brain and spinal cord

dry AMD cause

breakdown of the cells of the macula

Which class of antihypertensives should NOT be taken with grapefruit juice?

calcium channel blockers, as grapefruit can affect the metabolism of the medication and cause an increase in side effects.

red blood cells

called erythrocytes, they carry oxygen throughout the body utilizing hemoglobin

white blood cells

called leukocytes, they are part of the immune system and protect against infection

platelets

called thrombocytes, they are essential for coagulation

auditory canal

canal through which sound waves travel

cepholsporins examples

cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin)* oral tablets only for older children and adults cefdinir (Omnicef)* oral suspension, oral capsule

which of the following are viral infections?

chicken pox, shingles (herpes zoster), herpes simplex, warts

external ear

comprised of the auricle, the auditory canal, and the tympanic membrane

alpha agonists side effects

conjunctival inflammation, ocular discomfort

prostaglandin analogs side effects

conjunctival inflammation, ocular discomfort, dry eyes, visual disturbance, foreign body sensation

rho kinase inhibitors common side effects

conjunctival inflammation, ocular pain, blurred vision

cholinergic agonists (miotics) mechanism of action

constrict iris and ciliary body opening the angle

conjuctiva

covers the anterior eye, the white of the eye, and the underside of the eyelide

If a patient is taking warfarin, an anticoagulant that inhibits vitamin K in the clotting process, what type of foods should they avoid?

dark green, leafy vegetables

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors mechanism of action

decrease aqueous humor production

intramuscular (IM) route injection site for children and adults

deltoid region of the arm about 2 inches below the acromion process

cones

detect color

Macular degeneration

deterioration of macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision

which anticonvulsant medication may be administered as a rectal gel?

diastat

which of the following is used to treat multiple sclerosis?

disease-modifying medication

which parts of the body do the parasympathetic nerves stimulate that the sympathetic nerves do not?

eyes

two types of medication that are anticoagulants that require no regular blood testing

factor Xa inhibitors and direct thrombin inhibitors

T or F? ear drops can be used in the eye.

false

T or F? eye ointments are commonly prescribed to be applied in the morning

false

T or F? treatment for scabies is a shampoo

false

T or F? all medications used to treat ADHD are controlled substances

false, many but not all of the medications used are Schedule II or Schedule III medications

T or F? Any anticonvulsant medication can treat any kind of seizure.

false, not all types of anticonvulsants treat all types of seizures

subcutaneous (SC) route injection site for infants

fatty tissue of the anterolateral thigh muscle

subcutaneous (SC) route injection site for children and adults

fatty tissue over the triceps muscle

middle ear

has bony structures that further transmit sound waves and has the eustachian tube that relieves pressure

retina

has neurons that send nerve signals to the brain

cholinergic agonists (miotics) common side effects

headache, conjunctival inflammation, blurred vision, ocular discomfort

________________ are used to treat intermittent claudication.

hemorheologic agents

what is used to treat excessive bleeding

hemostatics

which anticoagulant can only be administered by IV or subcutaneous injection, can be used in pregnancy, and has an antidote for it?

heparin

which of the following vaccines does the CDC recommend on the immunization schedule for children and adults in the united states?

hepatitis B

___________________ alter immune response. These medications are used to treat conditions caused by the immune system mistaking parts of the body as foreign and attacking them causing dysfunction.

immunosuppressants

which of the following are bacterial infections?

impetigo, cellulitis, and folliculitis

prostaglandin analogs mechanism of action

increase aqueous humor flow

rho kinase inhibitors mechanism of action

increase aqueous humor flow

Conjunctivitis

inflammation of the conjunctiva due to allergy or infection

DMARD, TNF Inhibitors, and Biologic Response Modifiers act to decrease the ____________ response of the immune system.

inflammatory

DMARD, TNF inhibitors, and biologic response modifiers act to decrease the_____________________ response of the immune system.

inflammatory

which of the following can be a cause of inflammation?

injury, infection, and allergy

What is IOP

intraocular pressure

what is the most common form of anemia?

iron deficiency anemia

what is tinea cruris?

jock itch

____________________ is a cancer of the hematologic system. It occurs when there is a mutation in the DNA of blood cells, causing an overabundance of blood cells. Abnormal cells can hinder the functioning of healthy white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

leukemia.

what part of the lymphatic system filters out organisms and debris

lymph nodes

open-angle glaucoma treatment

medications available to prevent the progression

which alzheimer's disease medication may cause somnolence?

memantine

closed-angle glaucoma treatment

must be treated urgently with surgery and medication or vision may be permanently lost

rho kinase inhibitors examples

netarsudil ophthalmic (Rhopressa®)

beta-adrenergic blockers common side effects

ocular discomfort, blurred vision, photophobia, lacrimation

squamous cell skin cancer

on the skin surface often as a result of sun damage; typically seen in areas other than the face

basal cell skin cancer

on the skin surface often as a result of sun damage; usually appears on the face first

_______________ is an infection of the toenails or fingernails. A topical antifungal medication may not work if the infection is well embedded in the nail.

onychomycosis

which condition is treated with an oral antifungal that requires liver function tests to be performed before and during treatment?

onychomycosis

onychomycosis is treated with a(n) _______________

oral antifungal

which disease uses a medication that increases available dopamine or decreases the action of acetylcholine?

parkinson's disease; this disease is the result of loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain. Medications for this disease act either to increase available dopamine or to decrease the action of acetylcholine

what are cytokines?

proteins produced in immune cells (and other types of cells) that signal inflammation and activate the immune response.

iris

provides color to the eye and filters the light

_____________ is a skin condition marked by scaly, red, itchy patches of skin. It is a result of an immune system that causes cell turnover to happen faster than normal resulting in a pile up of cells on the top of the skin. Treatment is determined by the severity and surface area of the skin affected. Topical treatment is used first to reduce inflammation and cell turnover, suppress the immune system, and help the skin heal.

psoriasis

alpha agonists mechanism of action

reduce aqueous humor production

beta-adrenergic blockers mechanism of action

reduce aqueous humor production

mast cell

releases chemicals that aid in immune defense, but also releases chemicals as part of an allergic reaction

rods

responsible for sight in dim light and detect black and white

Organ transplant patients need to take immunosuppressant medication for __________________.

rest of their lives

Tinnitus

ringing or buzzing in the ears when there is no other sound present. Can be caused by injury, age-related, a circulatory problem, or a side effect of medication

what is tinea corporis?

ringworm

which of the following are parasitic infection?

scabies and lice

auricle

serves as the entrance for sound waves

tympanic membrane

serves to transmit sound waves to the middle ear and protect the middle ear from foreign objects

which viral infection causes blisters and severe pain and can manifest later in life for someone who has previously had chicken pox?

shingles (herpes zoster)

_______________________ is an inherited disorder characterized by malformed blood cells.

sickle cell disease

_______________________ is an inherited disorder that causes several red blood cell disorders, including anemia. The cells are malformed and die early, causing a shortage of red blood cells. The cells can also clog vessels causing pain, infection, and stroke.

sickle cell disease

the integumentary system consists of which of the following?

skin, hair, and nails

which type of seizure is considered life-threatening?

status epilepticus

hypodermis

subcutaneous layer that contains fat; functions as a shock absorber and insulator for the body, and stores fat for energy

sulfonamide examples

sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (Septra)* oral suspension, oral tablet

actinic keratosis is a pre-malignant condition. Prevention is best and it is recommended to use ____________ daily

sunscreen

daily use of _______________ is recommended to prevent actinic keratosis, a premalignant condition

sunscreen

plasma

the fluid portion of blood that contains proteins (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, electrolytes, and nutrients)

melanoma

the most severe form of skin cancer; is aggressive and causes irregularly shaped, discolored, raised areas that change size; may appear to be just moles but are not and should be monitored

what is otitis externa?

the result of water that doesnt properly drain from the ear canal (also known as swimmers ear)

dermis

thick underlying layer that contains collagen, blood and lymph vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerve endings; stores water, regulates body temperature, and supplies nutrients to the epidermis

epidermis

thin outer layer that protects the underlying layer; has five sub-layers

treatment for eczema includes _________________

topical corticosteroid medication

inner ear

transmits sound through nerve impulses to the brain and has structures that maintain balance and equilibrium

cornea

transparent covering that lets in light

T or F? Ferrous sulfate is the most common iron supplement.

true

T or F? In some state, pharmacy technicians are approved to administer vaccines

true

T or F? the most common treatment for acne is proper cleansing and a topical medication

true

T or F? the most common type of eczema is atopic dermatitis.

true

true or false: The most common form of treatment for leukemia is chemotherapy.

true

T or F? alzheimer's disease is irreversible.

true, medications are used to prevent further progression of the dementia

T or F? a severe case of multiple sclerosis can cause paralysis

true, multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that causes muscle weakness in the extremities and problems with coordination and balance. A patient has trouble walking or standing and in severe cases can have paralysis

_______________ block a specific chemical in the immune system that is produced in acute inflammation. These medications are used for moderate to severe disease.

tumor necrosis factor inhibitors

when a person has _______ or more unprovoked seizures, they may be diagnosed with epilepsy

two

treatment for _______________ should begin within 48-72 hours

viral skin infections