Pharmacy tech. med review pt. 2
The formation of bones exceeds the resorption until around the age of _________
20
if the dose for eye drops is for more than one drop in an eye, how long should the patient wait before instilling the next drop?
3 to 5 minutes
subcutaneous (SC) route angle
45-degree angle
Which treatment for emesis blocks serotonin 5-HT3 receptors in the G.I. tract and the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)?
5-HT3 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTs
Which class of antiemetics who is developed for chemotherapy-induced nausea but is now widely used?
5-HT3 receptor antagonists
intramuscular (IM) route angle
90-degree angle
Osteoarthritis
A degeneration if the cartilage and bone underlying a joint; also known as degenerative joint disease (DJD) it is a result of aging
Gout
A form of arthritis due to uric acid crystal deposits in the joints It is most commonly due to an under excretion of uric acid but may also be due to overproduction
Absence seizure
A lapse of awareness that begins and ends abruptly
Vertigo
A loss of balance or equilibrium as a result of damage to inner ear structures
Dependence
A patient becomes dependent on laxative for a bowel movement after repeated regular use
Tolerance
A patient with chronic pain may need to gradually increase the dose of analgesics to get pain relief, but the patient is not addicted to the medication
Castleman disease
A rare disease of the lymph nodes
Scoliosis
Abnormal sideways curvature of the spine
Which medication is used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose?
Acetylcysteine
___________ disease is the result of an under active adrenal gland
Addison's
Which medications act by inhibiting osteoclasts?
Alendronate, risedronate, and zoledronic acid
Insulin can be used for the treatment of ______________
All types of diabetes
Which class of antihypertensives stimulates alpha-adrenoreceptors in the brain stem reducing heart rate and blood pressure?
Alpha agonists
Which class of antihypertensives inhibits norepinephrine action at the alpha receptors in the blood vessels, preventing vasoconstriction?
Alpha blockers
Which medication is used as a non-oral treatment for erectile dysfunction?
Alprostadil intracavernous
Glaucoma
An increase in IOP caused by reduced or blocked drainage of the aqueous humor, a fluid in the eye that provides nourishment
Otitis externa
An infection of the ear canal typically caused by water that doesn't drain
Which class of antihypertensives should a patient's serum potassium levels be monitored?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB)
______________ can cause an annoying cough.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, this could cause patients to discontinue the medication w/o telling the prescriber.
_____________ Can cause an annoying cough.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; this common side effect may cause patients to discontinue the medication w/o telling the prescriber
Which class of medication is used to restore and maintain normal heart rhythms?
Antiarrhythmics
How is tuberculosis treated?
Antibacterial medication for 3 to 9 months
Which of the following statements about cough, cold, and allergy medication is true?
Antitussives are used to reduce or stop a cough
Graves' disease signs and symptoms
Anxiety, hand tremor, increased sweating, bulging eyes, fatigue, and thick red skin on the shins
Which of the following is an abnormal heart rhythm that can reduce the hearts ability to adequately pump blood?
Arrhythmia
What is the most common class of medication used to treat psychosis?
Atypical antipsychotics
which medication is used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)?
BCL-2 inhibitors
Which foods are part of the "BRAT" diet?
Bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast
Which class of antihypertensives should be used cautiously in patients with lung disease, such as asthma?
Beta blockers
Which class of antihypertensives should patients who have diabetes be cautious when taking?
Beta blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)
Which of the following medications is not used to treat the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Beta-3 agonists
Which oral medication class is used to treat diabetes should be taken with food?
Biguanide
__________ are used to treat type II diabetes and work by reducing the production of glucose in the liver
Biguanides
Which treatment for ulcerative colitis targets proteins made by the immune system?
Biologic response modifiers
Monophasic pills deliver the same strength of estrogen and progestin in each pack, while __________ deliver two different strengths of estrogen and progestin in each pack.
Biphasic
Which class of medications used to treat osteoporosis can cause esophageal damage if not used properly?
Bisphosphonates
Osteoporosis
Bone disease that causes the bones to become weak and brittle
Afferent system
Brings info into the CNS
Recommendations for scheduling vaccines can be found on the ________________ website
CDC
Which class of antihypertensives should NOT be taken with grapefruit juice?
Calcium channel blockers
Which minerals should be avoided when taking thyroid medications?
Calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron
Lymphoma
Cancer of the lymph nodes
Which of the following is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it thicker and rigid, making it more difficult for the heart to pump blood?
Cardiomyopathy
If a patient says everything looks cloudy, what might the patient be developing?
Cataracts, if u get this wrong 20 push ups now bitch
Paget's disease
Chronic bone disorder that causes excessive deterioration of bone tissue
Which of the following is birth defects that affect the normal functioning of the heart?
Congenital heart disease
Complex partial seizure
Consciousness is impaired or lost
Antitussives are used to reduce or stop a _____________
Cough
Arthritis can be an auto immune disease. If so, which type of medication the patients need?
DMARD, has anti-inflammatory properties. Many are also immunosuppressant, meaning they prevent symptoms by blocking the immune system.
_________________ are used to reduce nasal congestion due to cold or allergies
Decongestants
which anticonvulsant medication is specifically used to treat Dravet syndrome?
Diacomit
Which treatment for GERD blocks dopamine receptors producing antiemetic effect?
Dopamine antagonist
What is a common side effect of skeletal muscle relaxants the patient must be made aware?
Drowsiness
Eczema
Dry sensitive skin redness bumps flaky and peeling skin
What systems are in the PNS?
Efferent, autonomic, somatic, and afferent systems
Which of the following is inflammation of the inside lining of the heart, usually caused by a bacterial, or sometimes fungal, infection?
Endocarditis
The _________________ system produces hormones that control growth, development, metabolism, mood and sexual function. Lol sex
Endocrine (I swear if u get this wrong u gotta do 10 push ups)
The following medications: amantadine, benztropine, diphenhydramine, are used to treat _______________ (EPS)
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Addison's disease signs and symptoms
Extreme fatigue, weight loss, darkening of skin, low blood pressure, abdominal pain, depression, salt craving
Benign prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a type of cancer that causes increase urination
False
T or F? Addiction is the need for larger doses or an increase in the number of doses to achieve the desired response
False
T or F? Medications used to treat breast cancer act by inhibiting the production or action of testosterone
False
T or F? Medications used to treat breast cancer act by inhibiting the productions or action of testosterone
False
T or F? Oral contraceptives are the only available form of female contraception.
False
T or F? The levels of electrolytes in the body cannot be altered.
False
T or F? All narcotic analgesics are schedule II.
False, SOME of them are not all
T or F? Treatment of worm parasites usually take several weeks
False, a short course of medication will usually work, often just a single dose or up to 10 days.
T or F? Smoking deterrence that contain nicotine block nicotine receptors and prevent its effect
False, it doesn't block nicotine receptors and prevent its effect. Smoking deterrents that contain nicotine allow for systemic effects of nicotine without the inhalation of other dangerous chemicals from cigarettes
T or F? Lifestyle choices, like heredity and increasing age, can contribute to heart disease
False, lifestyle choices CAN contribute to heart diseases BUT not hereditary, and increasing age
T or F? Narcotics when used as antitussives are not controlled medication's.
False, when used as antitussives are controlled medications. When a controlled substance is an ingredient in a medication, the medication is controlled
T or F? A cold is the same as the flu.
False; a cold is not the same as influenza. It is important to make this distinction because it's cold is usually mild in self limiting, whereas influenza can be a serious infection that has different symptoms
Hypothyroidism signs and symptoms
Fatigue, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, weight gain, puffy face, hoarseness, and thinning hair
Common side effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors include ________________ diarrhea, and abdominal pain
Flatulence
If a patient has small red bumps or white heads developed around hair follicles, what might the patient be developing?
Foliculitis
Benign prostatic hyperplasia signs and symptoms
Frequent urge to urinate, increased frequency of urination at night, weak urine stream, and tbh e inability to completely empty bladder
Which gastrointestinal disease involves damage to the esophagus?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
GERD and diverticulitis are diseases of which body system?
Gastrointestinal
_____________ is the common cause of hyperthyroidism
Graves disease
Treatment for GERD requires that an anti-bacterial medication be taken in addition to which medication?
H. Pylori treatment
Which of the following is used to treat ulcers?
H2 blockers
Which class of antihyperlipidemics are referred to as statins?
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
________________ are called statins
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
______________ are called statins
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are referred to as "statins" because all generic names end in "-statin"
Which disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States?
Hashimoto's disease
Which treatment for GERD decreases acid production by inhibiting binding of histamine at histamine H2 receptors on gastric cells?
Histamine antagonist (H2 blockers)
Which of the following is a common cause of chronic kidney disease?
Hypertension
Which term best defines a low testosterone level
Hypogonadism
Which birth control method is inserted by a physician into the uterus?
IUD
Erectile dysfunction signs and symptoms
Inability in males to get or keep an erection and anxiety
Otitis media
Infection of the middle ear, often caused by a virus but can be bacterial
Gastrointestinal system is responsible for _______________
Ingestion of food and nutrients, disposal of waste, and breakdown of food for absorption of individual nutrients
The ______________ are the primary organs of the renal system
Kidneys
Which organ eliminates excess fluid and waste by filtration?
Kidneys
The OTC product Alli causes which unpleasant side effect
Leaky stools
Which generic medication is most commonly used treat hypothyroidism?
Levothyroxine
Which of the following medications is used to treat hypothyroidism?
Levothyroxine
Lymphedema
Localized fluid retention due to a blockage in the lymphatic system
Which type of insulin has an onset action of one hour and no peak action?
Long-acting insulin
Which type of diuretic derives its name from the fact that it has its effect in a portion of the tubule in the nephron?
Loop
Some patients may experience episodes of _________ when they feel euphoric , full of energy , and unusually irritable .
Mania
Which class of medication is used to prevent an allergic reaction that can cause an asthma attack?
Mast cell stabilizers
Which birth control method is administered via injection?
Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Hormones affect all of the body functions except _______________
Memory
Which of the following do hormones affect?
Metabolism, growth and development, and mood
A patient with two or more migraines per _________ should consider preventative therapy.
Month
Which diseases affect the neurological system?
Multiple sclerosis, Bell's palsy, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease
Which birth control medication must be used within 72 hrs of unprotected sex?
My way and Plan B One Step
Which medication is used as an antidote for opioid overdose?
Naloxone
___________________ coordinates the control of the body and communication among its parts
Neurological system
Which of the following provides a gradual process to help a person quit smoking?
Nicotine replacement therapy
Phosphodiesterase-type 5 inhibitors are contraindicated with which type of medication?
Nitrates
Which medication used to treat urinary tract infections needs to be taken with food for proper absorption?
Nitrofurantoin
What does the acronym, NSAID, stand for?
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
The glomerulus is a filtering unit that keeps _______________ cells and eliminates excess fluid and waste
Normal
dry AMD treatment
OTC supplement that contains high dose combination of antioxidants and zinc (ocuvite preservision)
_________________ is a type of anxiety disorder that is characterized by unwanted thoughts (obsessions) that lead to repetitive behaviors (compulsions ).
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
what is the ONLY FDA-approved medication used to treat primary progressive MS?
Ocrevus
Cataracts
Opacities that form on the lens and cause impaired vision
Which treatment for obesity inhibits gastric lipases; therefore, decreasing fat absorption?
Orlistat (Alli)
Acetaminophen is the non-salicylate that treats __________________.
Pain and fever
Pelvic inflammation signs and symptoms
Pain in the pelvis, abdomen, lower back and vagina, fever nausea, cramping, vaginal discharge, and abnormal uterine bleeding
endometriosis signs and symptoms
Painful periods, painful intercourse, painful bowel movements, heavy periods, infertility, bloating and nausea
Addiction
Patient relies on the psychological and physiological effects of the medication
What does pns mean
Penis lol jk Peripheral Nervous system
Which gastrointestinal disease are sores in the lining of the stomach or in the duodenum
Peptic Ulcers
Diuretics can cause too much of a loss and the need for the replacement of the electrolyte ______________.
Potassium
Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?
Produce insulin
When an egg is released from the follicle in the ovary, the corpus luteum is formed, which produces ________________
Progesterone
Which of the following is a treatment for GERD?
Proton pump inhibitors
Ringworm
Red itchy ring-shaped patches with scaly edges
Impetigo
Red sores that rupture and ooze forming a yellow crust
Medication combinations combine the action of more than one medication class, improving control and _________________ the number of doses a patient must take in a day
Reducing
Autonomic system
Regulates non-voluntary activities like breathing, digestion, and circulation
Somatic system
Regulates voluntary skeletal muscles, it's only neurotransmitter is acetylcholine
Kidneys are the primary organ of the ____________ system
Renal
____________ occurs when there is a brief, string surge of electrical conduction in the brain
Seizure
Efferent system
Sends info out from the cns
SNRI medications block the reuptake of which neurotransmitter ?
Serotonin and norepinephrine
Lymphangiomatosis
Severe disease in which many tumors grow in the lymph system of the body
Which class of medication is used as rescue medications?
Short-acting beta agonists
Which treatment for GERD alters the surface tension of gas bubbles allowing for dispersion or release?
Simethicone
What partial seizures exist?
Simple and complex partial seizures
Identify common side effects of birth control medications
Spotting during a cycle, headache, thromboembolism, vomiting
Which of the following are the most commonly prescribed type of laxative?
Stool softeners
A patient in the pharmacy suddenly becomes weak, starts to lose balance, and is having trouble seeing. The patient might be showing symptoms of a __________
Stroke
Which migraine medication may be administered as a STAT dose?
Sumatriptan
Airway disease
The airways that carry oxygen are narrowed or blocked (for example, asthma).
Pulmonary circulation disease
The blood vessels in the lungs are affected and prevent ability to properly exchange gases.
Which statement best describes the function of the respiratory system?
The exchange of gases and removal of a waste product
closed-angle glaucoma cause
The flow of aqueous humor is blocked. Condition can happen suddenly, and the symptoms are redness, pain, and loss of vision.
open-angle glaucoma cause
The intraocular pressure is slowed and gradually rises. Vision fades as condition progresses.
Tonic-clonic seizure
The patient goes rigid and then begins jerking movements
Simple partial seizure
The patient remains conscious
Lung tissue disease
The structure of the lung tissue is affected. Scarring or inflammation prevent the tissue from being able to fully expand.
Which class of diuretic is often the first choice and should not be used during pregnancy?
Thiazide
Onychomycosis
Thickened nail; white or yellow discoloration of the nail
Cushing syndrome signs and symptoms
Thinning skin, easy bruising, acne, weight gain around midsection and upper back, moon face, stretch marks, and slow healing wounds
Which diseases affect the hematologic system?
Thrombocytopenia, anemia, hematoma, and von willebrand disease
Which medication should be taken on an empty stomach?
Thyroid medications
What generalized seizures exist?
Tonic-clonic, absence, myoclonic, atonic seizures
T or F? A common use of corticosteroids is to treat inflammation
True
T or F? Benzodiazepines and antidepressants are used to treat anxiety disorders.
True
T or F? Erectile dysfunction can be caused by a psychological condition
True
T or F? Medications used to treat prostate cancer act by inhibiting the production or action of testosterone
True
T or F? Medications used to treat prostate cancer act by inhibiting the production or action of testosterone.
True
T or F? Most medications used to treat diarrhea decrease peristalsis.
True
T or F? Patients taking anticoagulant medication should use a soft toothbrush and electric razor to avoid cuts and bleeding
True
T or F? Patients taking anticoagulant medication should use a soft toothbrush and electric razor to avoid cuts and bleeding.
True
T or F? When treating sleeping disorder, it is best to choose short-acting benzodiazepines to avoid daytime drowsiness
True
T or f? Testosterone in males causes progression of prostate cancer
True
Tea or? Narcotic analgesics have high abuse potential
True, patients can be addicted or dependent on opioids
Gout is caused by the accumulation of _____________.
Uric acid
If a patient is experiencing frequent, burning urination with cloudy urine, what should a pharmacy technician suspect the patient has?
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
The kidneys remove ____________ and ______________ from the body
Waste and water
Herpes simplex
Watery blisters on the mouth or lips
Wax accumulation
Wax (cerumen) produced in the ear is not eliminated or is overproduced
Signs and symptoms of a stroke
Weakness, confusion, trouble with sight, troubke walking or loss of balance, severe headache.
How are UTI treated?
With an antibacterial medication
When should alpha-glucosidase inhibitors be administered?
With the first bite of a meal
Which analgesic is contraindicated in patients with a history of psychosis?
Ziconotide
inactivated vaccine
a "killed" version of the pathogen and would require one or more boosters
thrombocytopenia
a decrease in platelets caused by either a reduced production or increased destruction
von Willebrand disease
a deficiency in a protein (von Willebrand factor) that aids in forming blood clots
anemia
a deficiency of red blood cells or its component, hemoglobin (Hgb)
aqueous humor
a fluid that maintains the shape of the anterior eye and carries nutrients
vitreous humor
a jellylike substance that holds the eyes shape
hematoma
a localized accumulation of blood
macrophage
a phagocyte that fights infection, ingests nonfunctional cells, and signals the T cells and B cells to fight infection
T cell
a type of lymphocyte that attacks a pathogen
natural killer (NK) cell
a type of lymphocyte that kills tumor cells
B cell
a type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies against pathogens
neutrophil
a type of white blood cell that acts as a phagocyte (ingests and destroys foreign substances, like bacteria)
eosinophil
a type of white blood cell that fights certain types of infections and allergens
what does federal law require that healthcare staff provide to a patient, parent, or legal representative before administering certain vaccines?
a vaccine information statement
attenuated vaccine
a weakened version of a live microorganism and does not require a booster
wet AMD
abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula and leak blood
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors examples
acetazolamide (Diamox Sequels), brinzolamide ophthalmic (Azopt), dorzolamide ophthalmic (Trusopt), methazolamide (Neptazane)
cholinergic agonists (miotics) examples
acetylcholine intraocular (Miochol-E), carbachol intraocular (Miostat), pilocarpine ophthalmic (Isopto Carpine)
______________ is a pre-malignant condition. It causes thick, scaly, or crusty patches of skin. It occurs more often in fair-skinned individuals and can serve as a warning to be on the watch for skin cancer. The lesions can be removed in a physician's office or medications can be prescribed to prevent the progression of lesions.
actinic keratosis
what is the most common leukemia found in young children?
acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
The following meds: disulfiram, gabapentin, naltrexone, topiramate are used to treat ______________
alcohol dependence or alcoholism
Decongestants, antihistamines, and mast cell stabilizers are useful for which type of eye condition?
allergic conjunctivitis
penicillins examples
amoxicillin (Amoxil)* oral suspension, chewable tablet, oral capsule, oral tablet amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin) oral suspension, oral tablet
intramuscular (IM) route injection site for infants
anterolateral thigh muscle
an antibiotic and _______________ are typically used to treat otitis externa
anti-inflammatory/corticosteroid
Otitis media is a common infection of the ear that can be treated with _______________
antibacterial medicine
Due to the suppression of acetylcholine activity in Parkinson's disease, there are side effects that occur, referred to as _______________ side effects
anticholinergic
which medication is used to prevent blood clot formation nd to treat or prevent deep vein thrombosis? (DVT)
anticoagulants
alpha agonists example
apraclonidine ophthalmic (Iopidine)*; brimonidine ophthalmic (Alphagan P)
Medications used to treat glaucoma try to reduce intraocular pressure by reducing __________________
aqueous humor volume
what is tinea pedis?
athletes foot
which of the following are fungal infections?
athletes foot, ringworm, jock itch
macrolides examples
azithromycin (Zithromax) oral suspension, oral tablet
Which class of antihypertensives should be used cautiously in patients with lung disease, such as asthma?
beta blockers that is non-selective for either type of receptor can cause bronchonstriction.
beta-adrenergic blockers example
betaxolol ophthalmic (Betoptic S), levobunolol ophthalmic (Betagan), timolol ophthalmic (Timoptic; Betimol; Timoptic-XE)
prostaglandin analogs examples
bimatoprost intracameral (Durysta), bimatoprost ophthalmic (Lumigan), latanoprost ophthalmic (Xalatan; Xelpros), latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic (Vyzulta), tafluprost ophthalmic (Zioptan), travoprost ophthalmic (Travatan Z)
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors common side effects
blurred vision, bitter taste, ocular discomfort
in addition to lymph nodes, which of the following organs is part of the lymphatic system?
bone marrow, spleen, thymus
what are the four primary symptoms of parkinson's disease?
bradykinesia, postural instability, rigidity, and tremor
what does the central nervous system consist of?
brain and spinal cord
dry AMD cause
breakdown of the cells of the macula
Which class of antihypertensives should NOT be taken with grapefruit juice?
calcium channel blockers, as grapefruit can affect the metabolism of the medication and cause an increase in side effects.
red blood cells
called erythrocytes, they carry oxygen throughout the body utilizing hemoglobin
white blood cells
called leukocytes, they are part of the immune system and protect against infection
platelets
called thrombocytes, they are essential for coagulation
auditory canal
canal through which sound waves travel
cepholsporins examples
cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin)* oral tablets only for older children and adults cefdinir (Omnicef)* oral suspension, oral capsule
which of the following are viral infections?
chicken pox, shingles (herpes zoster), herpes simplex, warts
external ear
comprised of the auricle, the auditory canal, and the tympanic membrane
alpha agonists side effects
conjunctival inflammation, ocular discomfort
prostaglandin analogs side effects
conjunctival inflammation, ocular discomfort, dry eyes, visual disturbance, foreign body sensation
rho kinase inhibitors common side effects
conjunctival inflammation, ocular pain, blurred vision
cholinergic agonists (miotics) mechanism of action
constrict iris and ciliary body opening the angle
conjuctiva
covers the anterior eye, the white of the eye, and the underside of the eyelide
If a patient is taking warfarin, an anticoagulant that inhibits vitamin K in the clotting process, what type of foods should they avoid?
dark green, leafy vegetables
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors mechanism of action
decrease aqueous humor production
intramuscular (IM) route injection site for children and adults
deltoid region of the arm about 2 inches below the acromion process
cones
detect color
Macular degeneration
deterioration of macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision
which anticonvulsant medication may be administered as a rectal gel?
diastat
which of the following is used to treat multiple sclerosis?
disease-modifying medication
which parts of the body do the parasympathetic nerves stimulate that the sympathetic nerves do not?
eyes
two types of medication that are anticoagulants that require no regular blood testing
factor Xa inhibitors and direct thrombin inhibitors
T or F? ear drops can be used in the eye.
false
T or F? eye ointments are commonly prescribed to be applied in the morning
false
T or F? treatment for scabies is a shampoo
false
T or F? all medications used to treat ADHD are controlled substances
false, many but not all of the medications used are Schedule II or Schedule III medications
T or F? Any anticonvulsant medication can treat any kind of seizure.
false, not all types of anticonvulsants treat all types of seizures
subcutaneous (SC) route injection site for infants
fatty tissue of the anterolateral thigh muscle
subcutaneous (SC) route injection site for children and adults
fatty tissue over the triceps muscle
middle ear
has bony structures that further transmit sound waves and has the eustachian tube that relieves pressure
retina
has neurons that send nerve signals to the brain
cholinergic agonists (miotics) common side effects
headache, conjunctival inflammation, blurred vision, ocular discomfort
________________ are used to treat intermittent claudication.
hemorheologic agents
what is used to treat excessive bleeding
hemostatics
which anticoagulant can only be administered by IV or subcutaneous injection, can be used in pregnancy, and has an antidote for it?
heparin
which of the following vaccines does the CDC recommend on the immunization schedule for children and adults in the united states?
hepatitis B
___________________ alter immune response. These medications are used to treat conditions caused by the immune system mistaking parts of the body as foreign and attacking them causing dysfunction.
immunosuppressants
which of the following are bacterial infections?
impetigo, cellulitis, and folliculitis
prostaglandin analogs mechanism of action
increase aqueous humor flow
rho kinase inhibitors mechanism of action
increase aqueous humor flow
Conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva due to allergy or infection
DMARD, TNF Inhibitors, and Biologic Response Modifiers act to decrease the ____________ response of the immune system.
inflammatory
DMARD, TNF inhibitors, and biologic response modifiers act to decrease the_____________________ response of the immune system.
inflammatory
which of the following can be a cause of inflammation?
injury, infection, and allergy
What is IOP
intraocular pressure
what is the most common form of anemia?
iron deficiency anemia
what is tinea cruris?
jock itch
____________________ is a cancer of the hematologic system. It occurs when there is a mutation in the DNA of blood cells, causing an overabundance of blood cells. Abnormal cells can hinder the functioning of healthy white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
leukemia.
what part of the lymphatic system filters out organisms and debris
lymph nodes
open-angle glaucoma treatment
medications available to prevent the progression
which alzheimer's disease medication may cause somnolence?
memantine
closed-angle glaucoma treatment
must be treated urgently with surgery and medication or vision may be permanently lost
rho kinase inhibitors examples
netarsudil ophthalmic (Rhopressa®)
beta-adrenergic blockers common side effects
ocular discomfort, blurred vision, photophobia, lacrimation
squamous cell skin cancer
on the skin surface often as a result of sun damage; typically seen in areas other than the face
basal cell skin cancer
on the skin surface often as a result of sun damage; usually appears on the face first
_______________ is an infection of the toenails or fingernails. A topical antifungal medication may not work if the infection is well embedded in the nail.
onychomycosis
which condition is treated with an oral antifungal that requires liver function tests to be performed before and during treatment?
onychomycosis
onychomycosis is treated with a(n) _______________
oral antifungal
which disease uses a medication that increases available dopamine or decreases the action of acetylcholine?
parkinson's disease; this disease is the result of loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain. Medications for this disease act either to increase available dopamine or to decrease the action of acetylcholine
what are cytokines?
proteins produced in immune cells (and other types of cells) that signal inflammation and activate the immune response.
iris
provides color to the eye and filters the light
_____________ is a skin condition marked by scaly, red, itchy patches of skin. It is a result of an immune system that causes cell turnover to happen faster than normal resulting in a pile up of cells on the top of the skin. Treatment is determined by the severity and surface area of the skin affected. Topical treatment is used first to reduce inflammation and cell turnover, suppress the immune system, and help the skin heal.
psoriasis
alpha agonists mechanism of action
reduce aqueous humor production
beta-adrenergic blockers mechanism of action
reduce aqueous humor production
mast cell
releases chemicals that aid in immune defense, but also releases chemicals as part of an allergic reaction
rods
responsible for sight in dim light and detect black and white
Organ transplant patients need to take immunosuppressant medication for __________________.
rest of their lives
Tinnitus
ringing or buzzing in the ears when there is no other sound present. Can be caused by injury, age-related, a circulatory problem, or a side effect of medication
what is tinea corporis?
ringworm
which of the following are parasitic infection?
scabies and lice
auricle
serves as the entrance for sound waves
tympanic membrane
serves to transmit sound waves to the middle ear and protect the middle ear from foreign objects
which viral infection causes blisters and severe pain and can manifest later in life for someone who has previously had chicken pox?
shingles (herpes zoster)
_______________________ is an inherited disorder characterized by malformed blood cells.
sickle cell disease
_______________________ is an inherited disorder that causes several red blood cell disorders, including anemia. The cells are malformed and die early, causing a shortage of red blood cells. The cells can also clog vessels causing pain, infection, and stroke.
sickle cell disease
the integumentary system consists of which of the following?
skin, hair, and nails
which type of seizure is considered life-threatening?
status epilepticus
hypodermis
subcutaneous layer that contains fat; functions as a shock absorber and insulator for the body, and stores fat for energy
sulfonamide examples
sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (Septra)* oral suspension, oral tablet
actinic keratosis is a pre-malignant condition. Prevention is best and it is recommended to use ____________ daily
sunscreen
daily use of _______________ is recommended to prevent actinic keratosis, a premalignant condition
sunscreen
plasma
the fluid portion of blood that contains proteins (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, electrolytes, and nutrients)
melanoma
the most severe form of skin cancer; is aggressive and causes irregularly shaped, discolored, raised areas that change size; may appear to be just moles but are not and should be monitored
what is otitis externa?
the result of water that doesnt properly drain from the ear canal (also known as swimmers ear)
dermis
thick underlying layer that contains collagen, blood and lymph vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerve endings; stores water, regulates body temperature, and supplies nutrients to the epidermis
epidermis
thin outer layer that protects the underlying layer; has five sub-layers
treatment for eczema includes _________________
topical corticosteroid medication
inner ear
transmits sound through nerve impulses to the brain and has structures that maintain balance and equilibrium
cornea
transparent covering that lets in light
T or F? Ferrous sulfate is the most common iron supplement.
true
T or F? In some state, pharmacy technicians are approved to administer vaccines
true
T or F? the most common treatment for acne is proper cleansing and a topical medication
true
T or F? the most common type of eczema is atopic dermatitis.
true
true or false: The most common form of treatment for leukemia is chemotherapy.
true
T or F? alzheimer's disease is irreversible.
true, medications are used to prevent further progression of the dementia
T or F? a severe case of multiple sclerosis can cause paralysis
true, multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that causes muscle weakness in the extremities and problems with coordination and balance. A patient has trouble walking or standing and in severe cases can have paralysis
_______________ block a specific chemical in the immune system that is produced in acute inflammation. These medications are used for moderate to severe disease.
tumor necrosis factor inhibitors
when a person has _______ or more unprovoked seizures, they may be diagnosed with epilepsy
two
treatment for _______________ should begin within 48-72 hours
viral skin infections
