Phase Changes

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decrease pressure

How you can change the sample of matter at point A into a gas WITHOUT changing the temperature?

What also increases with temperature?

Kinetic Energy

crystallization

Lava cooling into rock is an example of which phase change? ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion; vaporization)

What phase is this substance at Point G?

Liquid

deposition

The "special" phase change that happens when a gas changes directly into a solid (skipping the liquid phase) is called _____. ? (deposition, sublimation)

sublimation

The "special" phase change that happens when a solid changes directly into a gas (skipping the liquid phase) is called _____. ? (deposition, sublimation)

less than

The TIME it takes to boil one teaspoon of water is _____ the TIME it takes to boil one gallon of water. (more than, less than or the same as?)

Heat of Vaporization

The amount of energy required to change 1 gram of a liquid into a gas at its boiling point (J/g)

Specific Heat

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius (J/g*°C) unique to each subtsance

the same as

The boiling point for one teaspoon of water is _____ the boiling point for one gallon of water. ? (higher than, lower than, the same as)

fusion

The butter on this corn shows an example of which phase change? ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion; vaporization)

Fusion

The change in state from a solid to a liquid

gaining

The substance shown in the picture is _____ heat. ? (gaining, losing)

losing

The substance shown in the picture is _____ heat. ? (gaining, losing)

Freezing Point

The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid

boiling

The temperature where a substance changes from a liquid to a gas is a property known as its _____ point. ? (vaporization, condensation, crystallization; fusion)

melting

The temperature where a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is a property known as its _____ point. ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion, vaporization)

intensive

The temperature(s) that a substance changes state is an _____ property and can be used identify the substance.

boiling

The type of vaporization that happens at high temperatures, very quickly and everywhere in the liquid is called _____. ? (boiling, evaporation)

evaporation

The type of vaporization that happens at low temperatures, slowly and only at the surface of the liquid is called _____. ? (boiling, evaporation)

condensation

The water droplets on this car window are an example of which phase change? ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion; vaporization)

condensation

The water droplets that form on the outside of the glass of ice water are an example of which phase change? ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion; vaporization)

fusion

This ice cream shows an example of which phase change? ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion; vaporization)

vaporization

This puddle drying up is an example of which phase change? ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion; vaporization)

What phase change is occuring at segment DE?

Vaporization

vaporization

Wet hair drying is an example of which phase change? ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion; vaporization)

Phase Diagrams

a graph of pressure versus temperature that shows which phase a substance exists in under different conditions of temperature and pressure

What happens to the material at point "G" when moves horizontally to the left (past the line with the letter "E"?

temperature decreases; changes from a liquid to a solid

Major points of the Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)

1. -All matter is composed of small particles 2. -that are in constant motion, moving in straight lines & change direction only when they collide with other molecules or with the walls of a container 3. -average amount of kinetic energy of the particles is proportional to the kelvin temperature of the sample.

condensation

A foggy mirror after a hot shower shows an example of which phase change? ? (condensation, freezing, melting, vaporization)

Phase Diagram Definition

A graph of pressure versus temperature that shows the conditions under which the phases of a substance exist

Heat (thermal energy)

A physical property of matter that is a form of energy produced by the motion of molecules or atoms.

vaporization

A pot of boiling water shows which phase change? ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion; vaporization)

deposition

A snowflake forming is an example of which phase change? ? (deposition, sublimation)

Condensation

Change from a gas to a liquid

Boiling

Change that happens when molecules below the surface of a liquid become a gas

Potential Energy

Energy that is stored and held in readiness

slower than

Evaporation happens _____ boiling. (slower than, faster than, or the same speed as?)

condensation

Fog in mountain valleys is an example of which phase change? ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion; vaporization)

false

Most substances have the same boiling point. ? (true, false)

deposition

Name the "special" phase change shown in the picture. ? (deposition, sublimation)

condensation

Name the phase change shown in the picture. ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion; vaporization)

crystallization

Name the phase change shown in the picture. ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion; vaporization)

fusion

Name the phase change shown in the picture. ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion; vaporization)

vaporization

Name the phase change shown in the picture. ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion; vaporization)

sublimation

Name the special phase change shown in the picture. ? (deposition, sublimation)

Solid

Phase of matter with a definite volume and a definite shape

Solid Phase

Phase of matter with a definite volume and a definite shape; due to low KE and many intermolecular forces between particles

Liquid

Phase of matter with a definite volume and no definite shape

Liquid Phase

Phase of matter with a definite volume and no definite shape. Molecules are attracted to each other, but can flow.

Gas

Phase of matter with no definite volume and no definite shape

Critical Point on Graph

Point B on the Graph

Triple Point on Graph

Point D on the Graph

Kinetic Energy is Increasing on a Heating Curve

Segment AB on the Graph

Condensation Point on a Cooling Curve

Segment BC on the Graph

Melting Point on a Heating Curve

Segment BC on the Graph

Kinetic Energy is Decreasing on a Cooling Curve

Segment CD on the Graph

Boiling Point on a Heating Curve

Segment DE on the Graph

Freezing Point on a Cooling Curve

Segment DE on the Graph

What phase is this substance at Point A?

Solid

What phase(s) exist during segment AB?

Solid

Condensation

The change of state from a gas to a liquid

Vaporization

The change of state from a liquid to a gas

Crystallization

The change of state from a liquid to a solid

Heat

The energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures

Heat transfer

The flow of thermal energy from higher temperature to lower temperature

crystallization

The icy lake shows an example of which phase change? ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion; vaporization)

false

The large bubbles seen rising from a pot of boiling water show water molecules being broken apart into oxygen gas and hydrogen gas. ? (true, false)

fusion

The metal gallium turns into a liquid from the heat of your hand and shows an example of which phase change? ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion, vaporization)

condensation

The morning dew on grass shows an example of which phase change? ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion; vaporization)

condensation

The phase change that happens when a gas becomes a liquid is called _____. ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion; vaporization)

vaporization

The phase change that happens when a liquid becomes a gas is called _____. ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion, vaporization)

crystallization

The phase change that happens when a liquid becomes a solid is called _____. ? (condensation, crystallization, fusion, vaporization)

fusion

The phase change that happens when a solid becomes a liquid is called _____. ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion, vaporization)

fusion

The pool of wax under the wick of this candle shows an example of which phase change? ? (condensation, crystallization; fusion; vaporization)

Heating Curve Definition

a graph that shows how temperature of a material changes when energy is added over time. It also shows the amount of energy the material absorbs as it changes state

temperature

a measurement of the speed of the particles in a solid,liquid,gas

Heat of Crystallization

amount heat that needs to be removed to crystallize 1 gram of a substance to its freezing point (J/g)

heat of fusion

amount of energy required at the melting point temperature to cause the change of phase to occur

Heat of Condensation

amount of heat that needs to be removed to change 1 gram of a gaseous substance to a liquid at its condensation point (J/g)

Condensation

an exothermic process in which a gas changes into a liquid

Deposition

an exothermic process in which a gas turns directly into a solid (without becoming a liquid) ie water vapor to ice

Phase Changes

change of state from one state to another

Is fusion (melting) endothermic or exothermic?

endothermic

Vaporization

endothermic process in which a liquid changes into a gas

endothermic

energy is absorbed by the "system" during a process or reaction

exothermic

energy is released (dissipated) into the surroundings (from the system) during a process or reaction

Is crystallization (freezing) endothermic or exothermic?

exothermic

Endothermic reaction

heat is absorbed during a reaction; it is a reactant; equipment gets cold to the touch; products have more energy than reactants

temperature

kinetic energy is directly proportional to _______________

crystallization

liquid to solid (exothermic)

When a chemical reaction is exothermic, heat is ____

on the product (right) side because energy is released

When a chemical reaction is endothermic, heat is ____

on the reactant (side) because it is used up/absorbed in the reaction

Sublimation

phase change from a solid to a gas (endothermic) ie dry ice

What happens to the material at point "G" when it moves vertically down but doesn't cross the line

pressure on the material

What phase(s) exist during segment DE?

solid and gas

fusion

solid to liquid (endothermic)

states of matter

solid, liquid, gas

Temperature vs Heat

temperature is the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object (or how hot or cold something is) while heat is the transfer of energy from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower one

Heat Capacity

the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of a sample of matter exactly 1°C

An Example of Potential Energy

the chemical energy in a candy bar

Kinetic Energy

the energy an object has due to its motion

Heat of Fusion

the energy required to change 1 gram of a substance from a solid to liquid at its melting point (J/g)

Sublimation

the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas

freezing point

the temp at which a liquid turns into a solid

Triple Point

the temperature and pressure conditions at which the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a substance coexist at equilibrium

Critical Temperature

the temperature at and above which vapor of the substance cannot be liquefied, no matter how much presure is applied

melting point

the temperature at which atomic or molecular vibrations of a solid become so great that the particles break free from fixed positions and begin to slide freely over each other in a liquid state

heat

the transfer of energy

phase changes

when matter goes from one state of matter to another state of matter

endothermic

when the energy level of the products is more than that of the reactants, the reaction is ___


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