PHIL 2306 Ethical Theories IC

Give Kant's formulation of the Categorical Imperative

"I should never act except in such a way that I can also will that my maxim should become a universal law."

The Trolley Case often serves as evidence in an argument for utilitarianism. When it does so, we call The Trolley Case what in philosophy?

A PREMISE

When the will is self-governing, we call the will what?

AUTONOMOUS

Which criterion in the hedonistic calculus says we should pursue the pleasure that is most likely?

CERTAINTY

The proposition "Bob desires such-and-such" tells us how the world is. What kind of proposition is it?

DESCRIPTIVE/TRUE

All consequentialists are utilitarians.

FALSE

Kant says that the virtues are good without qualification.

FALSE

Kant tells us that acting to satisfy our emotions is the fundamental function of the will.

FALSE

Mill is an egalitarian.

FALSE

Utilitarianism claims that we should maximize overall equality.

FALSE

Mill thinks all pleasures are equally valuable.

FALSE/NO

How does he say that we can prove that something is desirable?

FIND PEOPLE WHO ACTUALLY DESIRE IT

What does Kant say it is that makes our wills good?

FOLLOWING THE RULES ABOUT WHAT IS RIGHT TO WILL

Using Kant's terminology, if I do something because I am moved by my emotions, what would Kant call me?

HETERONOMOUS

When the will is governed by something outside itself, we call the will what?

HETERONOMOUS

What is the thesis of utilitarianism?

INCREASING OVERALL HAPPINESS IS THE RIGHT THING TO DO

Which criterion says that more severe pain is worse than less severe pain?

INTENSITY

What are the definitions of 'intrinsic' and 'extrinsic' that Kant gives in this dialogue?

INTRINSIC - GOOD WITHOUT QUALIFICATION EXTRINSIC - GOOD WITH QUALIFICATION

Do utilitarians deny that people value virtue?

NO

Does Kant agree that the will is good only because of the results it produces?

NO

Does Kant say that happiness is good in itself?

NO

Does Kant say that reason's job is to tell us how to be happy?

NO

Does Kant think it is permissible to lie to get out of trouble?

NO

Does Kant think that virtues and talents are good in themselves?

NO

Does Kant think that when we help others, our action is always good?

NO

Which criterion in the hedonistic calculus changes it from a theory of practical rationality to a moral theory?

NUMBER

Bentham says we have two sovereign masters. What are they?

PLEASURE AND PAIN

If I suffer pain now instead of getting it later, I am violating which of Bentham's criteria?

REMOTENESS

What motivation does Kant say that the right motivation to have is?

RESPECT

What is autonomy, as Kant sees it?

SELF-GOVERNANCE

What are the lower pleasures?

SENSUAL/LESS PREFERRED/SHARED WITH ANIMALS

Does Kant say that we have a duty to be happy?

SORT OF

What is the thing that Kant thinks is intrinsically good?

THE GOOD WILL

What are the higher pleasures?

THE INTELLECTUAL/HUMAN ONES

What thought experiment that we encountered serves as evidence in an argument for utilitarianism?

THE TROLLEY CASE

All egalitarians are consequentialist.

TRUE

All utilitarians are consequentialist.

TRUE

Kant says that even if you're trying to help someone else, your will could be bad.

TRUE

Kant says that sometimes doing the right thing can make us feel sad.

TRUE

Hedonism can be a theory of value; it can be a theory that says pleasure is what is good and pain is what is bad.

TRUE/YES

If it's false that something is desirable just because people desire it, then there is a false premise in Mill's argument. What would we then call his argument?

UNSOUND

Is Bentham a utilitarian or an egalitarian?

UTILITARIAN

What is the thesis of egalitarianism?

WE SHOULD MAXIMIZE OVERALL EQUALITY

What is the principle of utility?

WE SHOULD MAXIMIZE OVERALL UTILITY

Can Mill's argument be valid but unsound?

YES

Can the argument for utilitarianism be valid, but unsound?

YES

Does Kant agree that this is true? "The things we normally think are good, are good only if our wills use them correctly, but are bad if our will uses them incorrectly?"

YES

Does Kant at least suggest that even if we cannot will what emotions we have, we can will how we act?

YES

Does Kant say that effects are irrelevant to whether a will is good?

YES

Does Kant say that emotions are irrelevant to whether a will is good?

YES

Does Kant say that he ends up telling us what everyone basically believes anyway?

YES

Does Kant say that it's possible to be happy without deserving it?

YES

Does Kant say that the fact that something is good sometimes does not show that it is always good?

YES

Does Kant think that health and money can be bad?

YES

Does Mill say that money can be desired in and for itself?

YES

If Bentham's argument is valid and all the premises are true, must the conclusion be true?

YES

Is it possible to be a consequentialist who does not endorse utilitarianism?

YES