Philosophy

The famous statement "An unexamined life is not worth living" is attributed to

Socrates

T/F: Aristotle says that virtue is a mean lying between two vices

True

Mill says that the ultimate end of utilitarianism is an existence as free of pain as possible and as rich as possible in

enjoyment

T/F: A deductive argument is an argument intended to give probable support to its conclusion

False

T/F: According to Philo, since the universe is perfectly ordered, the existence of a deity is likely

False

T/F: Craig believes that the universe is the effect of a plurality of causes

False

T/F: Craig thinks that the cause of the universe must be an accident

False

T/F: Kant argues that the moral law is conditional

False

T/F: A good deductive argument is sad to be sound

True

T/F: An argument is not synonymous with persuasion

True

T/F: Craig says that the anthropic principle supports the idea of intelligent design of the universe

True

T/F: Hick asserts that it is no limitation on God's power that he cannot accomplish the logically impossible

True

T/F: Paley says that if we found a watch and examined it closely, we would naturally infer that it had a maker even if we had seen a watch made

True

T/F: Persuasion does not necessarily invades giving any reasons at all for accepting a claim

True

T/F: An argument is not synonymous with persuasion

True

T/F: Aquinas thinks that an infinite series of causes is repugnant to reason

True

T/F: In philosophy-- and in any other kind of rational inquiry--accepting a conclusion without good reasons is an elementary mistake in reasoning

True

T/F: Mill thinks that some kinds of pleasure are more valuable than others

True

Critics of the divine command theory have argued that the theory implies that God's comman are

arbitrary

Craig says an actually infinite number of things

cannot exist

An important moral criterion of adequacy is known as

consistency with our considered moral judgement

In the moral life, feelings are

essential and inevitable

Anselm assumes that a being that exists in reality is greater than a being that

exists only in the understanding

According to Aquinas, an infinite regress of causes is

impossible

For Socrates, the soul is harmed by lack of

knowledge

The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and

logic

According to Paley, we must conclude that a watch had an intelligent designer if the eatch

shows purposefulness

A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as

the Socratic method

For Socrates, an unexamined life is a tragedy because it results in grievous harm to

the soul

According to Craig, the kalam, cosmological argument establishes that

the universe has a cause

According to Socrates, a clear sign that a person has ____ is her exclusive pursuit of social status, wealth, power, and pleasure

unhealthy sould

To Kant, making a lying promise would be wrong because

you could not consistenly will that everyone should make a lying promise

T/F: According to ethical egoism, you should do whatever you desire to do or whatever gives you the most immediate pleasure

False

Philo says in the analogy that Cleanthes uses to make his case is

weak

Aquinas says that the first efficient cause of everything is

God

Paley says that every indication of contrivance and design that exists in the watch exists in

the works of nature

If you assume that a set of statements is true, and yet you can deduce a false or absurd statement from it, then the original set of statements as a whole must be false. This kind of argument is known as

reductio ad absurdum

T/F: For mill, a beast's pleasures can satisfy a human being's conception of happiness

False

T/F: If inductive argument is an arguments succeed in lending probably support to their conclusions, they are said to be valid

False

T/F: If sound, Aquinas' argument prove that the God of traditional religion exists

False

T/F: Kant believes that we should not treat persons merely as a means except when society's welfare is at stake

False

T/F: Kant declares that we should never in any circumstances treat people as a means

False

T/F: Socrates thought that the primary occupation of a good citizen should be the pursuit of wealth and prestige

False

T/F: Aristotle thinks that the highest good is an instrumental good

False

T/F: Mill believes that the moral worth of an action depends on one's motives

False

T/F: Scientists and philosophers have no explanation for the existence of the universe

False

T/F: Socrates preferred exile to death

False

According to Kant, nothing can be called "good" without qualification except

right action

The systemic use of critical reasoning to try to find answers to fundamental questions about reality, morality, and knowledge is called

the philosophical method

Craig argues that the series of events in time cannot be actually infinite, so we know that

the universe is finite in the past and has began to exist

Moral theories that say that the rightness of actions depends solely on their consequences are

virtue oriented

A moral theory explains

why an action is right or wrong

T/F: According to Socrates, we should always consider doing anything whether we are doing right or wrong

True

According to Mill, to determine whether one pleasure is more valuable than another, we must

determine which pleasure most experienced people prefer

Questions like "What is knowledge?" and "What is truth?" are mainstays in the branch of philosophy known as

epistemelogy

Paley maintains that they key difference between the "contrivance" of a watch and that of nature is that the latter is

greater and grander

Kant says that when trying to decide whether an action is morally permissible, we must ask if we can consistently will that the maxim of our action should become

look up

The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as

metaphysics