Philosophy
The famous statement "An unexamined life is not worth living" is attributed to
Socrates
T/F: Aristotle says that virtue is a mean lying between two vices
True
Mill says that the ultimate end of utilitarianism is an existence as free of pain as possible and as rich as possible in
enjoyment
T/F: A deductive argument is an argument intended to give probable support to its conclusion
False
T/F: According to Philo, since the universe is perfectly ordered, the existence of a deity is likely
False
T/F: Craig believes that the universe is the effect of a plurality of causes
False
T/F: Craig thinks that the cause of the universe must be an accident
False
T/F: Kant argues that the moral law is conditional
False
T/F: A good deductive argument is sad to be sound
True
T/F: An argument is not synonymous with persuasion
True
T/F: Craig says that the anthropic principle supports the idea of intelligent design of the universe
True
T/F: Hick asserts that it is no limitation on God's power that he cannot accomplish the logically impossible
True
T/F: Paley says that if we found a watch and examined it closely, we would naturally infer that it had a maker even if we had seen a watch made
True
T/F: Persuasion does not necessarily invades giving any reasons at all for accepting a claim
True
T/F: An argument is not synonymous with persuasion
True
T/F: Aquinas thinks that an infinite series of causes is repugnant to reason
True
T/F: In philosophy-- and in any other kind of rational inquiry--accepting a conclusion without good reasons is an elementary mistake in reasoning
True
T/F: Mill thinks that some kinds of pleasure are more valuable than others
True
Critics of the divine command theory have argued that the theory implies that God's comman are
arbitrary
Craig says an actually infinite number of things
cannot exist
An important moral criterion of adequacy is known as
consistency with our considered moral judgement
In the moral life, feelings are
essential and inevitable
Anselm assumes that a being that exists in reality is greater than a being that
exists only in the understanding
According to Aquinas, an infinite regress of causes is
impossible
For Socrates, the soul is harmed by lack of
knowledge
The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and
logic
According to Paley, we must conclude that a watch had an intelligent designer if the eatch
shows purposefulness
A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as
the Socratic method
For Socrates, an unexamined life is a tragedy because it results in grievous harm to
the soul
According to Craig, the kalam, cosmological argument establishes that
the universe has a cause
According to Socrates, a clear sign that a person has ____ is her exclusive pursuit of social status, wealth, power, and pleasure
unhealthy sould
To Kant, making a lying promise would be wrong because
you could not consistenly will that everyone should make a lying promise
T/F: According to ethical egoism, you should do whatever you desire to do or whatever gives you the most immediate pleasure
False
Philo says in the analogy that Cleanthes uses to make his case is
weak
Aquinas says that the first efficient cause of everything is
God
Paley says that every indication of contrivance and design that exists in the watch exists in
the works of nature
If you assume that a set of statements is true, and yet you can deduce a false or absurd statement from it, then the original set of statements as a whole must be false. This kind of argument is known as
reductio ad absurdum
T/F: For mill, a beast's pleasures can satisfy a human being's conception of happiness
False
T/F: If inductive argument is an arguments succeed in lending probably support to their conclusions, they are said to be valid
False
T/F: If sound, Aquinas' argument prove that the God of traditional religion exists
False
T/F: Kant believes that we should not treat persons merely as a means except when society's welfare is at stake
False
T/F: Kant declares that we should never in any circumstances treat people as a means
False
T/F: Socrates thought that the primary occupation of a good citizen should be the pursuit of wealth and prestige
False
T/F: Aristotle thinks that the highest good is an instrumental good
False
T/F: Mill believes that the moral worth of an action depends on one's motives
False
T/F: Scientists and philosophers have no explanation for the existence of the universe
False
T/F: Socrates preferred exile to death
False
According to Kant, nothing can be called "good" without qualification except
right action
The systemic use of critical reasoning to try to find answers to fundamental questions about reality, morality, and knowledge is called
the philosophical method
Craig argues that the series of events in time cannot be actually infinite, so we know that
the universe is finite in the past and has began to exist
Moral theories that say that the rightness of actions depends solely on their consequences are
virtue oriented
A moral theory explains
why an action is right or wrong
T/F: According to Socrates, we should always consider doing anything whether we are doing right or wrong
True
According to Mill, to determine whether one pleasure is more valuable than another, we must
determine which pleasure most experienced people prefer
Questions like "What is knowledge?" and "What is truth?" are mainstays in the branch of philosophy known as
epistemelogy
Paley maintains that they key difference between the "contrivance" of a watch and that of nature is that the latter is
greater and grander
Kant says that when trying to decide whether an action is morally permissible, we must ask if we can consistently will that the maxim of our action should become
look up
The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as
metaphysics