Phiso-Patho hw 10
The passage of digested products into blood or lymph
Absorption
Multispecific organic anion transport carriers are present in the
Both liver and nephron tubules.
Slow waves of the intestine are conducted through what type of cells?
Cajal cells
Bile is composed of which of the following?
Cholesterol
The breakdown of food into smaller subunits for absorption
Digestion
Inhibiting hepatic function has no effect on blood clotting. True or False?
False
_________________ is a disorder in which acidic gastric juice travels up the esophagus.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
__________ is secreted by the ileum and colon and stimulates intestinal secretion of Cl- thereby causing elimination of NaCl and water in the feces.
Guanylin
Epithelium of the digestive system prevents penetration of pathological organisms and toxins
Immune barrier
The combined processes of ingestion, mastication, deglutition, peristalsis and segmentation
Motility
Exocrine and endocrine substances
Secretion
Areolar connective tissue covered with a layer of simple squamous epithelium
Serosa
Temporary storage and subsequent removal of digested molecules
Storage and elimination
Which tunic of the GI tract is vascular and has many nerves and glands?
Submucosa
Bile is derived from cholesterol. True or False?
True
Defecation reflexes are stimulated by the presence of feces in the rectum. True or False
True
Free bilirubin is transported by the blood to the liver. True or False
True
GIP both inhibits gastric motility and increases the release of insulin from the pancreas. true or false?
True
In the parietal cell, carbonic acid dissociates into a bicarbonate ion and a hydrogen ion.
True
Mass movements of the colon propel its contents toward the rectum. True or false?
True
Triglycerides are remade in intestinal epithelial cells before combining with proteins to form chylomicrons. True or False
True
The movement of digested food into the blood or lymph is
absorption.
What is the function of enterokinase secreted by the brush border?
activates the protein-digesting enzyme trypsin
As bile is produced, it drains into
bile canaliculi.
In the parietal cells, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase causes a reaction between _________________ and ______________________.
carbon dioxide and water.
The process of waste removal is called
defecation.
Which of the following is NOT produced by the liver?
digestive enzymes
Trypsin is activated by the enzyme
enterokinase.
What structure keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing?
epiglottis
Ion exchange molecules in the plasma membrane of the parietal cells will ______________________________.
exchange bicarbonate ions going out for chloride ions coming in.
Bile is produced by the gallbladder. true or false?
false
Mass movements in the colon are stimulated by ____________________________.
food in the stomach and chyme in the duodenum.
Physiological jaundice of the newborn is due to high levels of
free bilirubin.
Amino acids and peptides in the stomach lumen stimulate acid secretion during the ________ phase of gastric secretion.
gastric
Which of the following gastrointestinal hormones is NOT secreted by the small intestine?
gastrin
Converting glucose into glycogen is the process of
glycogenesis
Bile pigment is a derivative of
heme group without iron
The sequence in the breakdown of the non-iron portion of the heme is...
heme, biliverdin, bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, bilirubin derivatives, feces and urine.
Antihistamines would limit the gastric secretion of
hydrochloric acid.
Hydrochloric acid is formed when _________________________________.
hydrogen ions and chloride ions join in the duct of the gastric gland.
Which of the following is NOT a function of intestinal microbiota?
hydrolyze proteins
Secretion of insulin from the pancreas is increased in response to
increased GIP.
What organ produces bile?
liver
Which of the following is NOT part of the gastrointestinal tract?
liver
The enterohepatic circulation is between the _____ and _____.
liver, intestine
Clotting factors are produced by the
liver.
Chewing of food is
mastication.
In which of the following areas does carbohydrate digestion occur?
mouth and duodenum
Which of the following is the correct order for the major parts of the gastrointestinal tract?
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Simple columnar epithelium supported by a lamina propria
mucosa
Inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle; the myenteric plexus is between the layers
muscularis
Defecation is stimulated by _________________________.
parasympathetic and local reflexes.
Involuntary muscle contractions which move a bolus through the gastrointestinal tract are called ________________________.
peristalsis.
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of _____________, but most occurs in the duodenum as a result of the secretion of ___________.
salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase
Most nutrient absorption occurs in the ___________________________.
small intestine.
Which of the following is NOT an effect of CCK?
stimulates secretion of water and bicarbonate rich pancreatic juice
Highly vascular layer of connective tissue
sub-mucosa
Mass movements of the colon ar e integrated by _______________________.
the enteric plexus.
The lining of the intestine provides a physical barrier against microorganisms and their toxins. True or false?
true
The liver will detoxify ammonia by converting it into
urea.
The primary function of the large intestine is
water and electrolyte reabsorption.