Phiso-Patho hw 10

The passage of digested products into blood or lymph

Absorption

Multispecific organic anion transport carriers are present in the

Both liver and nephron tubules.

Slow waves of the intestine are conducted through what type of cells?

Cajal cells

Bile is composed of which of the following?

Cholesterol

The breakdown of food into smaller subunits for absorption

Digestion

Inhibiting hepatic function has no effect on blood clotting. True or False?

False

_________________ is a disorder in which acidic gastric juice travels up the esophagus.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

__________ is secreted by the ileum and colon and stimulates intestinal secretion of Cl- thereby causing elimination of NaCl and water in the feces.

Guanylin

Epithelium of the digestive system prevents penetration of pathological organisms and toxins

Immune barrier

The combined processes of ingestion, mastication, deglutition, peristalsis and segmentation

Motility

Exocrine and endocrine substances

Secretion

Areolar connective tissue covered with a layer of simple squamous epithelium

Serosa

Temporary storage and subsequent removal of digested molecules

Storage and elimination

Which tunic of the GI tract is vascular and has many nerves and glands?

Submucosa

Bile is derived from cholesterol. True or False?

True

Defecation reflexes are stimulated by the presence of feces in the rectum. True or False

True

Free bilirubin is transported by the blood to the liver. True or False

True

GIP both inhibits gastric motility and increases the release of insulin from the pancreas. true or false?

True

In the parietal cell, carbonic acid dissociates into a bicarbonate ion and a hydrogen ion.

True

Mass movements of the colon propel its contents toward the rectum. True or false?

True

Triglycerides are remade in intestinal epithelial cells before combining with proteins to form chylomicrons. True or False

True

The movement of digested food into the blood or lymph is

absorption.

What is the function of enterokinase secreted by the brush border?

activates the protein-digesting enzyme trypsin

As bile is produced, it drains into

bile canaliculi.

In the parietal cells, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase causes a reaction between _________________ and ______________________.

carbon dioxide and water.

The process of waste removal is called

defecation.

Which of the following is NOT produced by the liver?

digestive enzymes

Trypsin is activated by the enzyme

enterokinase.

What structure keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing?

epiglottis

Ion exchange molecules in the plasma membrane of the parietal cells will ______________________________.

exchange bicarbonate ions going out for chloride ions coming in.

Bile is produced by the gallbladder. true or false?

false

Mass movements in the colon are stimulated by ____________________________.

food in the stomach and chyme in the duodenum.

Physiological jaundice of the newborn is due to high levels of

free bilirubin.

Amino acids and peptides in the stomach lumen stimulate acid secretion during the ________ phase of gastric secretion.

gastric

Which of the following gastrointestinal hormones is NOT secreted by the small intestine?

gastrin

Converting glucose into glycogen is the process of

glycogenesis

Bile pigment is a derivative of

heme group without iron

The sequence in the breakdown of the non-iron portion of the heme is...

heme, biliverdin, bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, bilirubin derivatives, feces and urine.

Antihistamines would limit the gastric secretion of

hydrochloric acid.

Hydrochloric acid is formed when _________________________________.

hydrogen ions and chloride ions join in the duct of the gastric gland.

Which of the following is NOT a function of intestinal microbiota?

hydrolyze proteins

Secretion of insulin from the pancreas is increased in response to

increased GIP.

What organ produces bile?

liver

Which of the following is NOT part of the gastrointestinal tract?

liver

The enterohepatic circulation is between the _____ and _____.

liver, intestine

Clotting factors are produced by the

liver.

Chewing of food is

mastication.

In which of the following areas does carbohydrate digestion occur?

mouth and duodenum

Which of the following is the correct order for the major parts of the gastrointestinal tract?

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Simple columnar epithelium supported by a lamina propria

mucosa

Inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle; the myenteric plexus is between the layers

muscularis

Defecation is stimulated by _________________________.

parasympathetic and local reflexes.

Involuntary muscle contractions which move a bolus through the gastrointestinal tract are called ________________________.

peristalsis.

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of _____________, but most occurs in the duodenum as a result of the secretion of ___________.

salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the ___________________________.

small intestine.

Which of the following is NOT an effect of CCK?

stimulates secretion of water and bicarbonate rich pancreatic juice

Highly vascular layer of connective tissue

sub-mucosa

Mass movements of the colon ar e integrated by _______________________.

the enteric plexus.

The lining of the intestine provides a physical barrier against microorganisms and their toxins. True or false?

true

The liver will detoxify ammonia by converting it into

urea.

The primary function of the large intestine is

water and electrolyte reabsorption.